This study was aimed to discuss the antibacterial and immunomodulation effect ofRe-Du-Ning (RDN) injection. Mice were randomly divided into the normal group, model group,Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL) group (7.8 mL·kg-1), RDN high dose group (20.30 g·kg-1), middle dose group (10.15 g·kg-1), and low dose group (5.08 g·kg-1), in order to observe the death protective effect of mice with bacterial infection on antibacterial experimentin vivo. Mice were randomly divided into the normal group, model group,Xiang-Gu Duo-Tang (XGDT) group (0.19 mg·kg-1), RDN high dose group (20.30 g·kg-1), middle dose group (10.15 g·kg-1), and low dose group (5.08 g·kg-1). The 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene was used to induce delayed hypersensitivity. Immunomodulation was observed by the content of serum hemolysin and the carbon particle clearance index. The results showed that the RDN high dose group and middle dose group had antibacterial effect, which reduced the mortality of mice. The RDN high dose, middle dose and low dose group can enhance the phagocytosis of macrophage in immunosuppressive mice, increase the formation of hemolysin, and strengthen delayed hypersensitivity reaction among immunocompromised mice. It was concluded that RDN injection had antibacterial effect. Its immunomodulation effect was through the enhancing of non-specific immunity, humoral immunity and cellular immunity of mice.

This article discussed ZHU Lian's contributions to acupuncture-moxibustion scientific research from three aspects: building the scientific thought of "new acupuncture-moxibustion", constructing the first domestic acupuncture-moxibustion institution and opening the door to modern acupuncture-moxibustion scientific research. ZHU Lian's visionary thought of "new acupuncture-moxibustion" has influenced the following researchers till now. She established the acupuncture-Moxibustion therapeutic institute affiliated to the Ministry of Health, set up the acupuncture-Moxibustion research platforms and teams and made research cooperation. She firstly carried out acupuncture-Moxibustion clinical and basic scientific research, which started the acupuncture-Moxi- bustion scientific research in China. ZHU Lian is the Pioneer of Chinese acupuncture-Moxibustion scientific research.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; history

OBJECTIVEWith functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), cerebral function imaging of acupuncture and sham acupuncture at Taichong (LR 3) in patients with essential hypertension (EH) was observed to analyze central mechanism of Taichong (LR 3) to treat EH.

METHODSEighteen EH patients were divided into a twisting acupuncture group (10 cases) and a sham acupuncture group (8 cases), which were treated with twisting manipulation and sham acu- puncture at right Taichong (LR 3), respectively. The treatments were both given with 30-second manipulation and 30- second interval for totally 5 min. During the acupuncture, fMRI was adopted to scan the cerebral function imaging of EH patients on resting state, and the acquired data were analyzed with SPM2 module in Matlab software.

RESULTSAcupunc- ture at Taichong (LR 3) in EH patients mainly increased opposite-side oxygen consumption, which generally activated left anterior cingulated gyrus (BA 32), left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), left inferior temporal gyrus (BA 19), left middle temporal gyrus (BA 37) and right anterior central gyrus (BA 6). The activated areas were related to motor, vision and cognition of emotion. Stimulation region of sham acupuncture mainly included right anterior cingulated gyrus (BA 24), left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) and left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 7).

CONCLUSIONThe central mechanism of Tai- chong (LR 3) on antihypertensive effect and symptom improvement is not in thalamus and medulla that are traditionally believed to control blood pressure. Taichong (LR 3) could activate anterior cingulated gyrus to regulate parasympathetic nerve and lower blood pressure, and through anterior cingulated gyrus, the connection with the surrounding areas is strengthened to improve the cognitive impairment caused by long-term hypertension.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; Cognition ; Essential Hypertension ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; diagnostic imaging ; psychology ; therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography

Fourteen compoumds were isolated from the ethyl acetate portion of the 95% ethanolic extract of Pleione bulbocodioides by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, ODS, macroporous adsorbent resin, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC, of which ten compoumds were phenanthrenes and dihydrophenanthrenes, two compoumds were bibenzyls, one was lignan and a sterol. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data as monbarbatain A(1), 2, 7, 2'-trihy-droxy-4, 4', 7'-trimethoxy-1, 1'- biphenanthrene(2), blestriarene A(3), pleionesin B(4), shanciol H(5), 17-hydroxy-7'-(4'-hy-droxy-3 '-methoxyphenyl)- 4-methoxy-9, 10, 7', 8'-tetrahydrophenanthro[2, 3-b]furan-8'-yl methyl acetate(6), 1-p-hydroxybenzyl-4-methoxy phenanthrene-2, 7-diol(7), 1-p-hydroxybenzyl-4-met-hoxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene-2, 7-diol(8), hircinol(9), coelonin( 10), gigantol(11), batatasin 11 (12), syringaresinol(13) and ergosta4, 6, 8 ( 14) , 22-tetraen-3-one (14). Compounds 1-3, 9, 13 and 14 were isolated from this genus for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis

·AIM:To compare the outer nuclear layer ( ONL) , inner and outer segments (IS/OS), photoreceptor cell layer in healthy people and diabetic retinopathy by frequency-domain optical coherence tomography ( OCT) .·METHODS: Totally 100 eyes of 50 healthy people were selected as control group. According to conventional mydriasis for examination of fundus and fundus fluorescein angiography ( FFA ) examination, all diabetic cases were divided into 3 groups: normal retina group ( NDR ) , non - proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (PDR). Using OCT measure the thickness of ONL, IS/OS and photoreceptor cell layer of fovea and parafovea ( nasal side and temporal side) in the four groups.·RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the ONL and photoreceptor cell layer's thickness of macular fovea and temporal parafovea in NPDR group and PDR group were statistically significant(all P<0. 05). The differences between ONL and photoreceptor cell layer's thickness of macular fovea and temporal parafovea in NDR group and PDR group were not statistically significant(P>0. 05). The IS/OS of macular fovea and temporal parafovea was not significantly different among those groups (P>0. 05). The thickness of different layers of nasal parafovea were not different (P>0. 05).·CONCLUSION: The thickness of macular fovea and temporal parafovea has relation with degree of DR; the change of photoreceptor cell layer's thickness occurs mainly in ONL, but IS/OS no change; the change in temporal parafovea more obvious than in nasal parafovea. Frequency-domain OCT can quantitatively and qualitatively observe the subtle diabetic macular changes in diabetic patients with macular disease, and provides a reliable detection for the early diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVETo explore the preventive effect of Yougui drink on femoral head necrosis in rats under micro CT.

METHODSTwenty-five SD rats were divided into steroid hormone group (group A, 10 rats ), Yougui drink group (group B,10 rats) and normal group (group C,5 rats)with random number table. Endotoxin were injected into abdominal cavity of rats in group A and B for 2 days, methylprednisolone sodium succinate were injected by gluteus for twice a week continued for 6 weeks; group B were gavaged by Yougui drink (veryday for 8 weeks; group C did not do any processing. All rats were killed on the 10th weeks,m icro CT were used to scan femoral head in vitro and preventive effect of Yougui drink (n femoral head necrosis in rats.

RESULTSThere was statistical significance in BMD, BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb, Th, Thb, Sp, BS/TV and DA but no significance in SMI between group A and B. Comparison between A and C, there was significant meaning in BMD, BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb, Th, Tb, Sp, BS/TV, DA and SMI.

CONCLUSIONYougui drink on femoral head necrosis in rats under micro CT has preventive effect from BMD BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb, Th, Tb, Sp, BS/TV and DA.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Density ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Femur Head Necrosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; X-Ray Microtomography ; methods

OBJECTIVETo research the effects of Guizhi Fuling capsule on sex hormones levels in blood serum and breast issue morphology of hyperplasia of mammary glands model rats.

METHODThe unpregnancy SD rat models of hyperplasia of mammary glands were established by injecting 0.5 mg x kg(-1) benzoate estradiol. After five weeks doses,the effects of Guizhi Fuling capsule 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 g x kg(-1) and Rupixiao tablet 0.5 g x kg(-1) on the changes of papilla diameter, height and breast issue morphology of the naimal models were explored, and sex hormones levels in blood serum were measured.

RESULTGuizhi Fuling capsule can inhibitnipple swell, improve breast tissue morphology pathological profiles of the animal models, and decrease oestradiol (E2) level and increase progesterone (P) level in blood serum.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that Guizhi Fuling capsule could, improve mammary gland pathological profiles. Regulating sex hormone levels may be its important mechanism for treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands.

Animals ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; blood ; Hyperplasia ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy of tamsulosin and solifenacin for mild and moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with overactive bladder (OAB).

METHODSWe randomly divided 166 patients with BPH and concomitant OAB into a mild obstruction symptom group (n = 88) and a moderate obstruction symptom group (n =78), 48 of the former group treated with 0. 2 mg tamsulosin + 5 mg solifenacin and the other 40 with 0. 2 mg tamsulosin; 36 of the latter group treated with 0. 2 mg tamsulosin + 5 mg solifenacin and the other 42 with 0. 2 mg tamsulosin, all administered once daily for 12 weeks. We obtained the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), urine storage period symptom score (USPSS), voiding symptom score (VSS), Qmax, residual urine volume, OAB symptom score (OABSS) and adverse reactions, and compared them among different

RESULTSAmong the patients with mild obstruction symptoms, the combination of tamsulosin and solifenacin achieved remark-groups. able improvement in IPSS, USPSS, Qmax and OABSS as compared with the baseline (P < 0.05), but made no significant difference in the residual urine volume (P > 0. 05) , while tamsulosin improved IPSS only (P < 0.05). The combination therapy exhibited an obvious superiority over tamsulosin alone in improving IPSS (9.7 micro 3.0 vs 15.8 micro 3.3), USPSS (8. 1 micro 1.7 vs 12.3 micro 3.1), Qmax ([18.6 micro 2.3] ml/s vs [14.2 micro 2.3] ml/s ), and OABSS (5.3micro 1.3 vs 9.7 micro 2.7) (P < 0.05), but there were no obvious differences in residual urine, urine routine test results and adverse events between the two therapies ( P > 0. 05). In those with moderate obstruction symptoms, the combination therapy significantly improved IPSS, VSS, Qmax and OABSS (P < 0.05) but not the residual urine (P > 0. 05) in comparison with the baseline. The tamsulosin therapy achieved obvious improvement in IPSS, VSS, Qmax, OABSS and residual urine. The combination therapy showed a better effect than tamsulosin only in OABSS (4. 8 +/-1.5 vs 6.5 +/-2.5, P < 0.05), but no significant differences from the latter in IPSS, Qmax, VSS, routine urine test results, and adverse

CONCLUSIONCombination therapy of tamsulosin and solifenacin is obviously safe and efficacious in the treatment (P > 0.05). events of both mild and moderate BPH with concomitant OAB, and it is superior to tamsulosin alone.

Aged ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Quinuclidines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Solifenacin Succinate ; Sulfonamides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Tetrahydroisoquinolines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; complications ; drug therapy

Objective To investigate clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 322 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were admitted to the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between December 2005 and November 2015 were collected.Preoperative staging and classification of tumor and treatment planning were carried out according to the results of laboratory and imaging examinations.Observation indexes:(1) clinical features and results of assisted examinations;(2) treatments and results of pathological examination;(3) followup and survival;(4) prognostic factors analysis:gender,age,preoperative highest total bilirubin (TBil),preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA),preoperative CA19-9,preoperative CA242,preoperative CA125,treatment methods and TNM staging.The follow-up of outpatient examination and telephone interview was perfornmed to detect patients' survival up to November 2016.Survival curve was drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method.Survival and univariate analyses were done using the Log-rank test,and multivariate analysis was done using the Cox proportional hazard model.Results (1) Clinical features and results of assisted examinations:among the 322 patients,there were 301 patients with a chief complaint of jaundice.Of the 322 patients,the preoperative highest levels of TBil,DBil,ALT and AST in 322 patients were 3.9-785.2 μmol/L,1.6-410.2 μ mol/L,14.8-484.5 U/L and 21.4-539.8 U/L,respectively.Levels of ALP and GGT in 272 patients were 93.8-1 890.0 U/L and 2.0-1 832.8 U/L,respectively.Seventy-seven of 292 patients had an elevated CEA level,272 of 298 patients had an elevated CA19-9 level,153 of 260 patients had an elevated CA242 level and 86 of 260 patients had an elevated CA125 level.According to Bismuth-Corlette type,24 patients were detected in type Ⅰ,115 in type Ⅱ,55 in type Ⅲa,63 in type Ⅲb and 65 in type Ⅳ.(2) Treatments and results of pathological examination:Of the 322 patients,104 patients underwent radical resection,including 79 with hilar bile duct resection (9 combined with vascular resection and reconstruction) and 25 with extended hepatic lobectomy (16 combined with caudate lobectomy),and 218 patients underwent palliative treatments,including 134 with external biliary drainage and 84 with internal biliary drainage.Five patients were dead in the perioperative period,of which 2 died of acute liver failure,1 died of systemic infection and multiple organ failure,1 died of acute renal failure and 1 died of acute suppurative cholangitis,septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation.Of 263 patients receiving pathological examination,adenocarcinoma was detected in 253 patients (12 with high-differentiated adenocarcinoma,85 with moderate-differentiated adenocarcinoma,33 with low-differentiated adenocarcinoma and 123 with indefinite differentiation),mucinous adenocarcinoma in 5 patients,cholangiocarcinoma in 3 patients and neuroendocrine carcinoma in 2 patients.TNM staging of 322 patients:stage Ⅰ was detected in 8 patients,stage Ⅱ in 53 patients,stage Ⅲ in 132 patients,stage Ⅳ in 96 patients and indefinite stage in 33 patients.(3) Follow up and survival:among the 322 patients,296 were followed up for 12-132 months,with a median follow-up time of 65 months,including 94 with radical resection and 202 with palliative treatments.Among the 296 patients,the median survival time and 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 10 months,47.1％,20.2％ and 9.5％,respectively.0f296 patients with follow-up,median survival time and 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 31 months,84.0％,46.2％,25.0％ in 94 patients receiving radical resection and 7 months,29.9％,8.1％ and 2.3％ in 202 patients receiving palliative treatment,respectively,with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (x2=78.777,P＜ 0.05).Among the 94 patients receiving follow-up and radical resection,the median survival time and 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 31 months,82.1％,45.1％,25.7％ in 73 patients undergoing hilar bile duct resection and 35 months,90.5％,49.8％,22.1％ in 21 patients undergoing hepatic lobectomy,respectively,with no statistically significant difference (x2=0.186,P＞0.05).Among the 73 patients undergoing hilar bile duct resection,median survival time and 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 16 months,57.1％,0,0 in 7 patients combined with vascular resection and reconstruction and 34 months,84.6％,49.5％,27.5％ in 66 patients undergoing simplex hilar bile duct resection,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference (x2 =11.977,P＜ 0.05).(4) Prognostic factors analysis:results of univariate analysis showed that preoperative highest TBil,preoperative CEA,preoperative CA242,preoperative CA125,treatment methods and TNM staging were related factors affecting prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (x2=25.009,18.671,9.359,33.628,94.729,77.136,P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative highest TBil ≥ 342.0 μmol/L,preoperative CEA ≥ 5.00 μg/L,palliative treatments,TNM stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ were the independent risk factors affecting the poor prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HR =2.270,2.147,3.166,2.351,95％ confidence interval:1.587-3.247,1.446-3.188,2.117-4.734,1.489-3.712,P＜0.05).Conclusions Prognosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is still unsatisfactory.The R0 resection is the key in radical surgery.Preoperative highest TBil≥342.0 μmol/L,preoperative CEA ≥ 5.00 μg/L,palliative treatments,TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ are independent risk factors affecting the poor prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVESTo confirm whether human hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) occur in human liver cirrhosis, to investigate the relationship between the degree of HPCs activation and the degree of liver inflammation and to provide evidence that HPCs can differentiate into hepatocytes.

METHODSSurgical specimens from 30 human cirrhotic livers and from 3 normal livers were investigated by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining for CK7 (a marker of biliary differentiation) and SMA (a marker of hepatic stellate cell activation). The degree of portal inflammation was determined on routine stained sections. The number of HPCs and intermediate hepatocytes and the extent of the ductular reaction were assessed.

RESULTSHPCs and ductular reaction were not observed in the normal livers. In liver cirrhosis cases the HPCs originated from the portal areas. With the increase of portal inflammation, HPCs and ductular reaction extending from the periphery of the liver cirrhosis nodules to the liver parenchyma and the intermediate hepatocyte proliferation were observed. The notable hepatic stellate cell activation occurred around the HPCs and ductular reaction. The number of HPCs and the extent of ductular reaction increased significantly as the portal inflammation increased. There were significant correlations between the number of HPCs with the number of intermediate hepatocytes. In addition, there was a strong correlation between the ALT and AST with the number of HPCs and intermediate hepatocytes.

CONCLUSIONHuman hepatic progenitor cell activation exists in human liver cirrhosis. The inflammation is a trigger for HPCs activation. HPCs migration from the portal area to liver parenchyma and their differentiation into hepatocytes are important pathways for liver regeneration.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; cytology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; pathology ; Liver Regeneration ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; pathology ; Young Adult