· The mechanisms of regeneration and protection of optic nerve the represent of central nerves are researched more and more profoundly and extensively in recent years. The retinal ganglion cells protection after injury is stopping or preventing it from apoptosis mainly. The methods include glutamic acid inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor, neurotrophic factor, gene therapy, acupuncture, traditional Chinese medicine and so on. However, there have no any medicines or operations that play definite curative role in the retinal ganglion cells protection after injury up to now. So the ganglion cells protection is at its exploratory research stage,which will shoulder heavy responsibilities.

Osteonecrosis is the most common disorder in femoral head and scaphoid. However, avascular necrosis (AVN) in metacarpal head is a rare disease. In the present study, a 14-year-old male patient complained of right-hand pain with a limited range of motion for one month. Physical examination showed that the active flexion was 70° and the extension was limited to 30° of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. The grip strength decreased to 60% of the contralateral hand. X-rays demonstrated flattening and sclerotic changes in the long finger and ring finger of metacarpal head. CT scanning indicated cystic, osteochondral defects and sclerotic changes in metacarpal head. Imaging examination further confirmed the diagnosis of AVN in the long metacarpal finger and ring finger. After conservative treatments including splint immobilization, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physiotherapy, the local pain symptoms of the MCP joint gradually disappeared. The range of motion of MCP joint returned to normal with the grip strength score as 105% of the contralateral hand. MRI confirmed excellent remodeling and regeneration in the metacarpal head at two years later. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatments of AVN of metacarpal head were reviewed. Although radiograph examination is commonly used, early-stage osteonecrosis of the metacarpal head should be confirmed by MRI. Given the rarity of this disorder, there is no consensus on the treatments. Metacarpal necrosis is the more common disorder in adolescent patients with a history of trauma. Considering the potential of bone remodeling, juveniles with metacarpal head necrosis could recover by conservative treatments.

The voltage-gated sodium channel subtype Nav1.7 is highly expressed in nociceptive sensory neurons and is a key pathogenic target in several human hereditary pain syndromes. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that Nav1.7 plays an important role in inflammatory, neuropathic, and nociceptive pain. Therefore, targeting Nav1.7 is a new strategy and hotspot for the development of novel analgesics. This review introduces the structure and function of Nav1.7, its regulatory role in pain, highlights the development progress of small-molecule Nav1.7 inhibitors in clinical trials, and analyzes the preclinical development of highly specific Nav1.7 inhibitors, with a view to providing reference for the development of Nav1.7 analgesic drugs.

It is held by some of the researches that the "16 collaterals" is composed of the "15 collaterals" and "the major collateral of stomach". And it is included into the textbook that Xuli, the major collateral of stomach, is the pulsation point at the cardiac region. Xuli is often explained as the empty portion of the human body by many researches. Through analysis and summarization of the related theory of the major collateral of stomach, the above mentioned opinion is discussed. And the understanding on the major collateral of stomach is deepened. As a result, it is concluded that count the major collateral of stomach into the 16 collaterals together with the 15 collaterals is inadvisable. The real pulsation point at the cardiac region locates under the left breast. And the real meaning of Xuli is "extending in all directions".
Acupuncture ; history ; China ; Collateral Circulation ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians ; Stomach ; blood supply

Objective To investigate the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) on the expression of TLR4 and its role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activation and CD40 expression in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs). Methods RPMCs were harvested from Spragne-Dawley rat peritoneal cavity and maintained under defined in vitro condition. The cells were treated with Ang Ⅱ at different concentrations (10-9, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6 mol/L) and exposed to Ang Ⅱ (10-7 mol/L) for different times (1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 h for mRNA and 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 h for protein, respectively). Meanwhile, the influence of AT1 receptor antagonist (AT1R, losartan, 10-5 mol/L) and AT2 receptor blocker (AT2R, PD123177, 10-5 mol/L) on the TLR4 induced by Ang Ⅱ was observed. After synchronization for 24 hours, the cells were randomly assigned to four groups: the control group, the Ang Ⅱ (10-7 tool/L) group, the LPS (1 mg/L) group, the Ang Ⅱ (10-7 mol/L) plus LPS (1 mg/L) group, which were used to investigate the effects of Ang Ⅱ on the NF-κB activation and CD40 expression induced by LPS. The mRNA expression of TLR4 and CD40 was measured by RT-PCR and the protein abundance of TLR4, NF-κB p65, phospho-p65, IKBα and phospho-IκBα were analyzed by Western blot. Immunofluorescence was performed to determine the subcellular localization of p65 subunit of NF-κB. Results (1) Treatment of RPMCs with Ang Ⅱ resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the expression of TLR4. Ang Ⅱ at 10-9, 10-8, 10-7 and 10-6 mol/L increased TLR4 mRNA expression by 70.5%, 89.5%, 102.9%, and 121.9%, respectively and protein expression by 12.1%, 27.7%, 51.2%, and 41.6%, respectively (P<0.01). Treatment of RPMCs with 10-7 mol/L Ang Ⅱ resulted in a time-dependent increase in the expression of TLR4, with the peak of mRNA expression at 8 and 12 h (P<0.01) and the protein expression at 12 and 24 h (P<0.01). (2) Losartan antagonized Ang Ⅱ-stimulated expression of TLR4 by 33.5% (P<0.05), PD123177 had no such effect (P0.05). (3) Treatment of RPMCs with LPS (1 mg/L) for 60 rain significantly increased the ratio of phospho-IκBα to IκBα by 362.6% (P< 0.01) , phospho-p65 to p65 by 67.4% (P<0.05), and LPS (1 mg/L) for 4 h significantly increased the expression of CD40 mRNA by 299.9% (P<0.01) compared to the control group. In comparison to the LPS (1 mg/L) group, preincubation of RPMCs with AngⅡ (10-7 mol/L) for 24 h then treated with LPS (1 mg/L) for 60 rain significantly increased the ratio of phospho-IκBα to IκBα by 49.1% (P<0.01), phospho-p65 to p65 by 29.3%(P<0.05), and LPS (1 mg/L) for 4 h significantly increased the expression of CD40 mRNA by 56.8%(P<0.01). (4) The p65 subunit of NF-κB was dominantly distributed in the cytoplasm in the control and Ang Ⅱ group. Following exposure to LPS for 60 min, p65 subunit labeling was upregulated and translocated into the nuclei. A significantly increased nuclear staining of p65 in ceils treated with Ang Ⅱ plus LPS were observed. Conclusions Ang Ⅱ induces the expression of TLR4 in dose- and time-dependent manner in RPMCs, resulting in enhanced NF-κB signaling and induction of CD40 expression, Locally produced Ang Ⅱ in the peritoneum may play an amplified role in LPS-induced peritoneal inflammation.

Adult ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Peracetic Acid ; toxicity

Objective To study the prevalence of fatty liver and its risk factors in adult population of Pudong New District,Shanghai detected by combination of B-type uhrasonographic features and elevated serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT).Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in 2017 residents aged 16 years over recruited from four neighborhoods of Prdong New District of Shanghai with multi-phase cluster sampling,including interview with questionnaire,physical check-up,anthropometry, measurement of plasma glucose and lipid profile,ALT activity and real-time B-type ultrasnnography.Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was further detected for those with elevated ALT activity.Results Prevalence of fatty liver was 21.32 percent (430/2017) in the residents of the District participated in this survey.Prevalence of abdominal obesity,hypertriglyceridemia,hyperlipoproteinemia (low-density lipoprotein-cholecterol),essential hypertension,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes and metabolic syndrome were 71.16,71.16,11.86,66.74,35.58,24.40 and 47.21 percent in those with fatty liver, respectively,as compared to 26.34,12.73,4.79,39.57,24.01,6.81 and 11.28 percent in those without fatty liver (controls),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index, 2-h postprandial glucose level,diastolic blood pressure,serum level of triglyceride,abdominal obesity and diabetes all were independent risk factor for tatty liver,with odds ratio (OR) of 1.080,1.149,1.035, 1.526,1.960 and 1.391,respectively.Conclusions Prevalence of fatty liver was relatively high in Shanghai Pudong New District.Fatty liver closely associates with disturbance of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Purpose: An effective biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) and benign breast diseases (BBD) is crucial for improving the prognosis. We investigated whether N6-methyladenosine (m6A) can be a diagnostic biomarker of BC. Materials and Methods: We detected the contents of peripheral blood m6A in 62 patients with BC, 41 patients with BBD, and 41 normal controls (NCs) using the colorimetric method. The relative expression of the m6A regulated genes methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: m6A in peripheral blood RNA was significantly higher in patients with BC than that in patients with BBD (p < 0.001) or the NCs (p < 0.001). m6A was closely associated with the disease stage (from stage 0 to stage I-IV, p=0.003). The receiver operating characteristic curve of m6A contained an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.887 in BC, which was greater than that of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153). The combination of m6A, CEA, and CA153 improved the AUC to 0.914. The upregulated and downregulated mRNA expression of METTL14 and FTO, respectively, might contribute to the increase of m6A in patients with BC. m6A combined with METTL14 and FTO improved the AUC to 0.929 with a specificity of 97.4% in the peripheral blood of patients with BC. Conclusion The peripheral blood RNA of m6A might be a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of BC.

Purpose: An effective biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) and benign breast diseases (BBD) is crucial for improving the prognosis. We investigated whether N6-methyladenosine (m6A) can be a diagnostic biomarker of BC. Materials and Methods: We detected the contents of peripheral blood m6A in 62 patients with BC, 41 patients with BBD, and 41 normal controls (NCs) using the colorimetric method. The relative expression of the m6A regulated genes methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: m6A in peripheral blood RNA was significantly higher in patients with BC than that in patients with BBD (p < 0.001) or the NCs (p < 0.001). m6A was closely associated with the disease stage (from stage 0 to stage I-IV, p=0.003). The receiver operating characteristic curve of m6A contained an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.887 in BC, which was greater than that of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153). The combination of m6A, CEA, and CA153 improved the AUC to 0.914. The upregulated and downregulated mRNA expression of METTL14 and FTO, respectively, might contribute to the increase of m6A in patients with BC. m6A combined with METTL14 and FTO improved the AUC to 0.929 with a specificity of 97.4% in the peripheral blood of patients with BC. Conclusion The peripheral blood RNA of m6A might be a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of BC.

The clinical characteristics of patients who presented in poor clinical grade due to ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms (MCAAs) associated with large sylvian hematomas (SylH) were analyzed and an ingenious designed prophylactic hinged craniectomy was introduced. Twenty-eight patients were graded into Hunt-Hess grades IV-V and emergency standard micro-neurosurgeries (aneurysm clipping, hematoma evacuation and prophylactic hinged craniectomy) were performed, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. 46.43% of the patients reached encouraged favorable outcomes on discharge. The favorable outcome group and the poor outcome group significantly differed in terms of patients' anisocoria, Hunt-Hess grade before surgery, extent of the midline shift and time to the surgery after bleeding (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in age, sex, volume and location of the hematoma, size of aneurysm between the favorable and poor groups (P>0.05). However, ingenious designed prophylactic hinged craniectomy efficiently reduced the patients' intracranial pressure (ICP) after surgery. It was suggested that preoperative conditions such as Hunt-Hess grading, extent of the midline shift and the occurrence of cerebral hernia affect the prognosis of patients, but time to the surgery after bleeding and prophylactic hinged craniectomy are of significant importance for optimizing the prognosis of MCAA patients presenting with large SylH.