OBJECTIVE: To extract and isolate peristrophine from Peristrophe roxburghiana Brem and establish a content determination method of peristrophine. METHODS: Whole plant of Peristrophe roxburghiana Brem was extracted with 60% ethanol, then purified with D101 resin and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a mobile phase consisting of 55% methanol was used for the content determination (γ = 236 nm). RESULTS: The lineal range of peristrophine was 5.0 - 50.0 mg · L-1 (r = 0.9998), the mean recovery was 97.67%, and RSD was 0.66% (n = 9). CONCLUSION: This method can be used as the basis for the further research of Peristrophe roxburghiana Brem. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Depression is a common emotional disorder that seriously affects people's life and health all over the world. The pathogenesis of depression is complex, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for antidepressants has a good therapeutic effect because of its multi-component, multi-pathway, and multi-target action mode. At present, the anti-depressive mechanism of TCM has not been fully clarified, but it is clear that depression is closely related to metabolic health. Therefore, in order to further explore the anti-depressive mechanism of TCM, this paper proposes research strategies on the anti-depressive mechanism of TCM based on functional metabolomics from the perspective of metabolism, the potential biomarkers of depression are analyzed with the help of multi-omics combined analysis technology, and the functional molecules of TCM for antidepressant are studied. Molecular biology techniques are used to accurately capture the molecular interactions between biomarkers of depression and functional compounds, which identify effective drug targets and further elucidate the biochemical functions and related mechanisms involved in depression metabolic disorders. This paper systematically reviews the research strategies and applications of functional metabolomics in the anti-depressive mechanisms of TCM, expounds on the core value of functional metabolomics, and summarizes the current research status and hot issues of TCM for antidepressants in recent years, providing new methods and new ideas for the study of mechanisms of TCM with the help of functional metabolomics.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; blood ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Objective: To understand the prevalence of hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infection in sentinel surveillance in Liaoning Province from 2015 to 2019, in order to provide evidence for the precise prevention and control of HCV. Methods: The HCV sentinel surveillance data of 5 kinds of populations, including dialyzed patients, patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment, family planning outpatients, people receiving physical examination and unpaid blood donators in Liaoning Province from 2015 to 2019 were retrieved, and the HCV positive rates of different years, gender and age groups in the five populations were analyzed. Results: There were 26 000 persons surveyed and 61 HCV positive cases were detected from 2015 to 2019. The HCV positive rate was 0.23%. The HCV positive rates of dialyzed patients, patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment, family planning outpatients, people receiving physical examination and unpaid blood donators were 0.40%, 0.70%, 0.25%, 0.24% and 0.14%, respectively. The HCV positive rates of dialyzed patients, patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment, and unpaid blood donators had significant downward trends ( P<0.05 ). The HCV positive rates of males and females were 0.22% and 0.26%, without any significant difference ( P>0.05 ). The HCV positive rate of people aged above 70 years old was 1.15%, the highest among different age groups. Conclusions The prevalence of HCV infection among the patients with hemodialysis and with invasive diagnosis and treatment is relatively high. The level of HCV antibody of older age groups should be monitored regularly.

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy between 'warming-unblocking needling technique' and reinforcing method by twirling in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) due to deficiency of liver and kidney. Methods: A total of 72 patients with KOA were divided into a warming-unblocking group and a reinforcing group by complete randomized method, with 36 cases in each group. Xuehai (SP 10), Heding (EX-LE 2), Liangqiu (ST 34), Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Xizhong (Extra), Dubi (ST 35), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Zusanli (ST 36) and Yanglingquan (GB 34) were the main points in both groups. Taichong (LR 3), Taixi (KI 3) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were the combined points. 'Warming-unblocking needling technique' was applied in the warming-unblocking group, and reinforcing method by twirling was applied in the reinforcing group. The treatments were performed once a day, 10 times as a treatment course, at a 2-day interval between two courses, for 3 courses in total. The scores of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) in the two groups were observed before and after the treatment, and the clinical efficacy was compared. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate was 94.3％ in the warming-unblocking group and 87.9％ in the reinforcing group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The component scores of pain, stiffness and daily activities in WOMAC and total WOMAC scores in both groups decreased after treatment (all P<0.01). The component and total WOMAC scores in the warming-unblocking group were lower than those in the reinforcing group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:'Warming-unblocking needling technique' has significant efficacy than reinforcing method by twirling in treating KOA due to deficiency of liver and kidney. It can significantly improve pain, stiffness and daily functional activities of patients.

Objective To compare the difference of protein and lipid metabolism between patients with inflammatory bowel disease and healthy controls,and to investigate the association of these changes with disease activity and location of the lessions.Methods The retrospective cohort study was carried out.The data of protein and lipid metabolisms collected from 195 patients with ulcerative colitis,76patients with Crohn's disease and 97 healthy controls during 1995 to 2007 were analyzed.Disease activity were evaluated using simple clinieal colitis activity index and simple index of Crohn's disease activity.The erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)and C-reactive protein(CRP)were measured.Results Serum levels of ESR in patients with ulcerative colitis were negatively linear correlated with serum levels of albumin/globulin ratio(β=-0.521,P＜0.01)and positively linear correlated with serum levels of α2globulin(β=0.319,P＜0.01).Serum levels of globulin in patients with Crohn's disease were positively linear correlated with serum levels of ESR(β=0.558,P＜0.01)and CRP(β=0.424,P=0.01).In ulcerative colitis,serum levels of albumin/globulin ratio,albumin and total cholesterol were significantly higher in patients with proctosigmoiditis than those in patients with lesions at other locus(P=0.003,0.005,0.038,respectively).In Crohn's disease,serum level of globulin was significantly higher in patients with lesions only at colon than that in patients with lesions only at small bowel(P=0.029).Conclusions Serum levels of albumin/globulin ratio and α2-globulin can be predictors of inflammatory activity in patients with ulcerative colitis.The increasing serum globulin may predict the progression of disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease.The nutritional deficiency is more critical in patiens with small bowel involvement than those with colon involvement.

The paper aimed to evaluate the effects of lead stress on photosynthetic performance and ginsenoside content in ginseng (Panax ginseng). To accomplish this, three years old ginseng were cultivated in pot and in phytotron with different concentrations of lead, ranging from 0 to 1000 mg x kg(-1) soil for a whole growth period (about 150 days). The photosynthetic parameters in leaves and ginsenoside content in roots of ginseng were determined in green fruit stage and before withering stage, respectively. In comparison with the control, net photosynthetic rate and SPAD value in ginseng leaves cultivated with 100 and 250 mg x kg(-1) of lead changed insignificantly, however, ginseng supplied with 500 and 1 000 mg x kg(-1) of lead showed a noticeably decline in the net rate of photosynthesis and SPAD value (P < 0.05), the lowest net photosynthetic rate and SPAD value showed in the treatment supplied with 1 000 mg x kg(-1) of lead, with decline of 57.8%,11.0%, respectively. Total content of ginsenoside in ginseng roots cultivated with 100 mg x kg(-1) of lead showed insignificantly change compared to the control, but the content increased remarkably in treatments supplied with 250, 500, 1 000 mg x kg(-1) of lead (P < 0.05), and highest content appeared in these ginsengs exposed to 1000 mg x kg(-1) of lead. The net photosynthetic rate and SPAD value in leaves of ginseng both showed significantly negative linear correlations with lead stress level (P < 0.01), and significant positive linear correlations between total content of ginsenoside and lead concentration was also observed (P < 0.05). These results strongly indicate that exposing to high level of lead negatively affects photosynthetic performance in ginseng leaves, but benefits for accumulation of secondary metabolism (total content of ginsenoside) in ginseng root.
Ginsenosides ; analysis ; metabolism ; Lead ; pharmacology ; Panax ; chemistry ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; drug effects ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Spectrophotometry

To compare the pharmacokinetics of syringin, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin after intravenous administration of each monomer and Ciwujia injection. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and intravenously administrated with syringin, eleutheroside E, isofraxidin, and Ciwujia injection, respectively. The concentrations of the three components in rat plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS. DAS 2.0 software was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters while the SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between each monomer and the injection on the main pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, CL and t1,/2. Compared with the injection, the group treated with the syringin has obvious decrease in AUC, and increase in CL while the group treated with eleutheroside E has obvious increase in AUC, and decrease in CL The t1/2 of isofraxidin was prolonged in Ciwujia injection. Pharmacokinetic characters of the ingredients in the injection varied greatly from the monomer. Other constituents in the injection may have an impact on the pharmacokinetic profiles of these three components.
Administration, Intravenous ; Animals ; Coumarins ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Lignans ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Phenylpropionates ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To establish a method for the determination of cucurbitacin in plasma samples, in order to study the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of cucurbitacin in rats. Rats were intravenously injected with cucurbitacin. With diphenhydramine as the internal standard (IS), the plasma concentrations of cucurbitacin in rat plasma at different time points were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). With electrospray ionization source, the positive ion detection in the multiple reaction monitoring mode was conducted to determine the ion-pairs for target compound and IS were m/z 503.2/113.1 and m/z 256.0/167.2, respectively. Agilent ZOBAX SB-C18 column (2.1 mm x 50 mm, 1.8 microm) was adopted and eluted with methanol and 0.1% formic acid (55:45), and the flow rate was 0.2 mL x min(-1). DAS 2.0 software was applied to fit the blood concentration and calculate corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters. The rats were intravenously injected with cucurbitacin at the concentration of 3.0 mg x kg(-1). The target blood quality concentration show good linear relations within the range of 10.5-3 150 microg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.996), the lower limit of the standard curve was 10.5 microg x L(-1), and the signal to noise ratio S/N = 12. Intra- and inter-day precisions RSD was less than 6.9% and 14%, respectively; The accuracy RE ranged between 0.20% and 3.7%; The extraction recoveries ranged between 92.7% and 97.1%. Regarding the pharmacokinetic parameters of tail intravenous injection of cucurbitacin, AUC (0-t) was (811.615 +/- 111.578) microg x h x L(-1), (t1/2) was (1.285 +/- 1.390) h, CL was (3.627 +/- 0.487) L x h x kg(-1), and V(d) was (6.721 +/- 7.429) L x kg(-1). In this study, researchers established a simple, accurate, sensitive and highly specific method for determining the blood concentration of cucurbitacin, and reported the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of cucurbitacin in rats for the first time.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; Cucurbitacins ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

AIM: To evaluate the effects of the extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops in basic tears secretory volume, tear film stability, expression of androgen receptors(AR) in castrated rats with dry eye, and to investigate the therapeutic effects of extract of Buddleja officinalis on dry eye caused by gonadal hormones level imbalance. METHODS:A total of 45 Wistar masculinity rats were divided at random into 9 groups, including normal group(A1,A2 and A3), model group(B1,B2 and B3), therapy group with extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops(C1,C2 and C3). The "1" stood for being fed for 1 month, and "2" for 2 months, and "3" for 3 months. The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy on group B,C. Group C was treated with Buddleja officinalis extract eye drops for one month. All rats were checked with Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠt) and tear film break-up time (BUT). Expression of AR was analyzed by flow cytometer(FCM). RESULTS:The SⅠt value of group C was significantly higher than that of group B (P<0.01) and the BUT value of group C was significantly longer than that of group B (P<0.01), which indicated the eye drop could significantly keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability. And the expression of AR of group C was much higher than that of group B,which showed that available composition of the eye drops maybe display androgen-like activity.CONCLUSION:The main components of extract of Buddleja officinalis is the flavonoids which could significantly inhibit happening of dry eye of rat after androgen level lowered. Its mechanism is like androgen's and it could display androgen-like activity to keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability.