Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Fever ; etiology ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ; classification ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Male

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of sweep pattern visual evoked potential in assessing visual acuity (SPVEP-A)of amblyopic children.Design Prospective clinical study.Participants 80 patients(148 case)of amblyopic children and 26 children(52 case)with normal vision.Methods The correlation were analysed of SPVEP-A and E acuity in 80 amblyopic children and of SPVEP-A and PVEP-A in 26 children of normal visual.SPVEP-A was recorded with UTAS-E 3000(LKC)using gratings of 25 differ- ent spatial frequency from 0.2 to 18.8cpd as stimulus.The response were averaged and DFT on the monitor display.SPVEP-A was de- termined by extrapolate to 0 response amplitude.Both transient PVEP-A and SPVEP-A were examined in 26 normal children.The ob- jective visual acuity in PVEP were determined with the highest spatial frequency which evoked a recognizable response.Main Out- come Measures SPVEP-A,PVEP-A and E acuity.Results SPVEP-A were from 0.35 to 0.9 among 80 patients with corrected E acu- ity from 0.1 to 0.8.The correlation coefficient of SVEP-A-I with E acuity was 0.602 .The correlation coefficient of SPVEP-A.between reproducibility detection was 0.448.The correlation between SPVEP-A and E acuity in amblyopic slightly was higher than middle and severe amblyopia(r=0.773 vs r=0.590).In 26 normal children a correlation coefficient of 0.679 was obtained between E acuity anti PVEP-A but 0.424 between E acuity and SPVEP-A.Higher evaluation or lower evaluation of E acuity was found in SPVEP-A in this study.Acuity was upostimated in lower scope of E acuity and underestimated in higher scope of E acuity.The reproducibility and vari- ation were not satisified.Conclusion The sweep VEP is a objective method of amblyopic screening.There is significant positive corre- lation between SPVEP-A and E,but its variability is more great,so we should improve its stability and positive rate uheriorly.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint injection of Chuankezhi plus acupoint sticking treatment for bronchial asthma, and provide clinical evidence for the synergy of the two therapies, and explore their synergistic mechanism. Methods: A total of 70 patients were randomized into an acupoint injection plus sticking group and an acupiont sticking group by the random number table, with 35 cases in each group. The treatment took place in July and August. The acupoint injection plus sticking group was treated with acupoint injection and acupiont sticking, while the acupiont sticking group was treated only with acupiont sticking therapy. The treatment course was 4 weeks. After the treatment, the scores of symptom scale in the two groups before treatment, 3 months and 6 months after the treatment were observed. Results: During the treatment, there were 5 dropouts in the acupoint injection plus sticking group with 30 cases remained, and 4 dropouts in the acupiont sticking group with 31 cases remained. Before the treatment, there was no significant difference in the total scores of symptom scale between the two groups. Three months after the treatment, the total scores of symptom scale of both groups were lower than those before treatment, and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (bothP<0.05). In the inter-group comparison, there was no significant difference in the difference values of the scores before treatment and 3 months after treatment (P>0.05). Six months after the treatment, the total scores of symptom scale in both groups were lower than those before treatment, and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (bothP<0.05), so were the differences in the difference values of the scores before treatment and 6 months after treatment (bothP<0.05). Conclusion: Acupoint injection of Chuankezhi plus acupoint sticking or acupoint sticking alone both can improve the symptoms of patients with bronchial asthma. Acupoint injection of Chuankezhi plus acupoint sticking has a higher total effective rate than single acupoint sticking therapy.

There are reports about the chemical compounds of Ciwujia herbs, but with no study report about the chemical material basis of Ciwujia injection (CWJI). In this study, LC-MS(n) and LC-Q-TOF-MS techniques were adopted for a qualitative analysis on phenylpropanoids in CWJI. The Ultmate XB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted and eluted with the mobile phase of 0.5% formic acid-water and acetonitrile, with the flow rate at 0.8 mL x min(-1) and the column temperature at 20 degrees C. Based on the data of high-resolution and multi-stage MS, control products and literatures, altogether 54 phenylpropanoids were identified in Ciwujia Injection, including 34 phenylpropanoids, 16 ligans and 4 coumarins. Among them, 28 were reported for the first time in Ciwujia, and 14 compound structures were identified in comparison with the control products. The method established in this study could be used to simply and rapidly identify phenylpropanoids in CWJI. The findings provide scientific data for defining the chemical material basis of CWJI.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Eleutherococcus ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Molecular Structure

To establish a method for the determination of cucurbitacin in plasma samples, in order to study the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of cucurbitacin in rats. Rats were intravenously injected with cucurbitacin. With diphenhydramine as the internal standard (IS), the plasma concentrations of cucurbitacin in rat plasma at different time points were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). With electrospray ionization source, the positive ion detection in the multiple reaction monitoring mode was conducted to determine the ion-pairs for target compound and IS were m/z 503.2/113.1 and m/z 256.0/167.2, respectively. Agilent ZOBAX SB-C18 column (2.1 mm x 50 mm, 1.8 microm) was adopted and eluted with methanol and 0.1% formic acid (55:45), and the flow rate was 0.2 mL x min(-1). DAS 2.0 software was applied to fit the blood concentration and calculate corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters. The rats were intravenously injected with cucurbitacin at the concentration of 3.0 mg x kg(-1). The target blood quality concentration show good linear relations within the range of 10.5-3 150 microg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.996), the lower limit of the standard curve was 10.5 microg x L(-1), and the signal to noise ratio S/N = 12. Intra- and inter-day precisions RSD was less than 6.9% and 14%, respectively; The accuracy RE ranged between 0.20% and 3.7%; The extraction recoveries ranged between 92.7% and 97.1%. Regarding the pharmacokinetic parameters of tail intravenous injection of cucurbitacin, AUC (0-t) was (811.615 +/- 111.578) microg x h x L(-1), (t1/2) was (1.285 +/- 1.390) h, CL was (3.627 +/- 0.487) L x h x kg(-1), and V(d) was (6.721 +/- 7.429) L x kg(-1). In this study, researchers established a simple, accurate, sensitive and highly specific method for determining the blood concentration of cucurbitacin, and reported the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of cucurbitacin in rats for the first time.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; Cucurbitacins ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

T-SPOT. TB is an interferon-gamma release assay to detect T-cell response to early secreting antigen target 6 and culture filtrate protein 10 peptides by enzyme-linked immunospot assay for tuberculosis diagnosis. It is highly sensitive and specific, and will not be affected by the subject's immune status and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination. This assay has been licensed for in-vitro diagnosis in Europe and the United States. Its potential roles in distinguishing active tuberculosis from latent tuberculosis infection and predicting active tuberculosis among individuals with latent tuberculosis have been increasingly studies. This article reviews the advances in the clinical application of T-SPOT. TB.
Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; Interferon-gamma Release Tests ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tuberculosis ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis RD1-encoded antigens-specific, interferon-gamma (INF-gamma)-secreting T cells in pleural effusions, ascites, and cerebrospinal fluid.

METHODThe early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) peptides-specific T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (MC), ascites MC, pleural effusions MC, and cerebrospinal fluid MC were detected using enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) for INF-gamma.

RESULTSESAT-6 or CFP-10 peptides-specific, INF-gamma-secreting T cells were detected in peripheral blood, ascites, pleural effusions, and cerebrospinal fluid, which marked the presence of tuberculosis infection. Patients with positive ELISPOT results of INF-gamma-release assay were all diagnosed as active tuberculosis. Spot forming cells in ascites and pleural effusions were much higher than those in peripheral blood (up to 6.4 and 31.9 times).

CONCLUSIONDetection of RD1-encoded antigens-specific, INF-gamma-secreting T cells in pleural effusions, ascites, and cerebrospinal fluid provides a new way to diagnose tuberculosis infection.

Antigens, Bacterial ; genetics ; Ascites ; metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; cerebrospinal fluid ; metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Peptides ; Pleural Effusion ; immunology ; Recombinant Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis

It is the objective of this paper to study pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) characteristics of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 on the effect of inducing nitric oxide (NO) release after intravenous administration of Shengmai injection to rats with myocardial ischemia. The model of myocardial ischemia rats was produced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol. The serum samples were collected at different time points after intravenous administration of Shengmai injection to rats with the dose of 10.8 mL x kg(-1). The concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in serum were determined, and then the concentration-time curves were drawn. Pharmacokinetic parameters of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 were calculated after the construction of pharmacokinetic models. Meanwhile, NO2- and NO3-, the metabolites of NO, in serum were determined, and then the effect-time curve was drawn. The combined PK-PD model was established based on the theory of effect compartment by Sheiner et al. Then pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated. The results indicated that the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 conformed to a two-compartment model. Ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 exhibited quick and slow elimination in rats respectively. The effect of Shengmai injection on inducing NO release did not relate directly with and lagged behind the concentrations of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in serum. The effect exhibited good correlation with ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 levels in effect compartment. The relationship between effect and serum concentration fits Sigmoid-E(max) model. This study successfully established the combined PK-PD model of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 after intravenous administration of Shengmai injection to rats. The model can efficiently predict the concentration and effect of Shengmai injection in vivo.
Administration, Intravenous ; Animals ; Ginsenosides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To compare the pharmacokinetics of syringin, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin after intravenous administration of each monomer and Ciwujia injection. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and intravenously administrated with syringin, eleutheroside E, isofraxidin, and Ciwujia injection, respectively. The concentrations of the three components in rat plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS. DAS 2.0 software was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters while the SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between each monomer and the injection on the main pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, CL and t1,/2. Compared with the injection, the group treated with the syringin has obvious decrease in AUC, and increase in CL while the group treated with eleutheroside E has obvious increase in AUC, and decrease in CL The t1/2 of isofraxidin was prolonged in Ciwujia injection. Pharmacokinetic characters of the ingredients in the injection varied greatly from the monomer. Other constituents in the injection may have an impact on the pharmacokinetic profiles of these three components.
Administration, Intravenous ; Animals ; Coumarins ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Lignans ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Phenylpropionates ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in ureteral lesions.Methods The ultrasonogram of conventional ultrasound and CEUS were retrospectively analyzed in 19 confirmed ureteral lesions cases by operation and pathology.The size,inner echoes,boundary and color blood signal of ureteral lesions were observed by conventional ultrasound.The modality and phases of enhancement,including arrival time,peak time,washout time and appearance of internal structure,were observed by CEUS.Results The 19 ureteral tumors were of maximum widths between 2.1 to 7.7 cm.Conventional ultrasound showed 7 hypoechoic masses,10 isoechoic masses,1 hyperechoic mass and 1 unclear mass.Color Doppler flow imaging showed fairly rich blood signal in 8 tumors,a small amount of blood signal around tumor in 6 tumors and no blood signal in the rest.In early phase,CEUS showed enhancement in all 19 ureteral lesions,including synchronously enhancement in 8 tumors and delayed enhancement in 11 tumors.In peak time,hypoechogenicity compared to the normal renal cortex was shown in 3 tumors,hyperechogenicity in 11 tumors and isoechogenicity in 5 tumors.In late phase,fast wash-out was displayed in 16 tumors,isochronously wash-out in 1 tumor,delayed wash-out in 1 tumor and unclear in 1 tumor.The detection rates of blood supply and clear boundary in ureteral lesions and the diagnostic sensitivity for ureteral cancer were 74% (14/19),16% (3/19),50% (8/16) by conventional ultrasound respectively.The detection rates of blood supply and clear boundary in ureteral lesions and the diagnostic sensitivity for ureteral cancer were 100% (19/19) ,58% (11/19) ,94% (15/16) by CEUS respectively.The change of these performances was statistically significant between conventional ultrasound and CEUS.Conclusions CEUS can improve blood supply,boundary and the diagnostic sensitivity of ureteral lesions.