Air Pollutants ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Urea ; analysis ; Workplace

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the inclusion process of the volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin and Acorus tatarinowii in Xiaoyu anshen capsule.METHODS:The inclusion process was carried out by saturated water solution method.And the inclusion process was optimized by orthogonal experiment with the inclusion ratio and yield of the volatile oil as indexes taking the ratio of volatile oil to ?-CD,the temperature and the time of inclusion as factors.The physical phase of the inclusion complex was detected by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).RESULTS:The optimum inclusion process was established as follows:the ratio of oil to ?-CD=1∶8;the ratio of water to ?-CD=10∶1;the inclusion time was 1h and the inclusion temperature was 50 ℃.The inclusion rate was as high as 90%.The DSC revealed that a new physical phase has been formed for the inclusion complex.CONCLUSION:The intermolecular inclusion complex with good stability and high yield of volatile oil could be obtained from the optimized inclusion process.

AIM: To study the effects of IL-6 and IL-1? on the blood polymorphonuclear-neutrophils(PMN) apoptosis postburn. METHODS: Wistar rats inflicted by 30% total body surface area (TBSA) Ⅲ degree scalding were employed as the model. PMN were isolated by density gradient centrifugation using Percoll-hypaque and labeled with TdT-mediated and dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. The intracellular caspase-3 activation and the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-1? were analyzed by fluorometric immunosorbent enzyme assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS: The serum IL-6 levels (?g/L) in groups of 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h postburn (9 14?1 16, 12 49?1 14, 3 01?0 75, 1 41?0 28 and 1 56?0 43 in turn) and IL-1? (ng/L) in groups of 3, 6, 12 h postburn (90 08?8 39, 320 93?14 48 and 47 84?5 19) were much higher than IL-6 (0 24?0 07) and IL-1? (27 65?4 86) in control group ( P

AIM:To analyze curative effect of laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (DR).METHODS:A total of 100 patients (136 eyes) with DR who were admitted to our hospital during January 2015 to December 2016 were enrolled in the study.All patients were given 532nm laser treatment.Changes of visual acuity and the incidence of complications were statistically analyzed after treatment, and the macula central fovea retinal thickness and hemodynamic changes of affected eyes were compared before and after treatment.The effects of laser treatment were compared among patients with different types of diabetes, patients in different DR stages and patients with different glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) levels.RESULTS:After treatment, the macula central fovea retinal thickness, end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI) and central retinal artery (CRA), mean flow velocity (Vm) significantly decreased (P<0.05).After treatment, there were 2 cases (2 eyes) of bleeding and 2 cases (2 eyes) of tractional retinal detachment.The effective improvement rate of visual acuity was 83.1%.There were significant differences in the improvement rate of visual acuity among patients with different types of diabetes [type 1 (60.0%) vs type 2 (84.9%)], patients in different DR stages [preproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) 92.3%, early proliferative stage (PDR) 85.1%, high-risk PDR 54.2%] and patients with different HbAlc levels (< 8% 91.8% vs ≥8% 73.0%) (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The 532nm laser treatment is effective for DR.It can significantly improve the retinal hemodynamics and visual acuity and relieve macular edema.Types of diabetes mellitus, stages of DR and blood glucose control effect may affect the effects of laser treatment.

To study the contribution of T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of Murine hepatitis virus Type3 (MHV-3) induced chronic viral hepatitis in C3H/Hej mice, ninety C3H/Hej mice were chosen to individually receive 10 plaque forming units (PFU) of MHV-3 intraperitoneally. The changes of virus titer and pathology in liver tissue were examined by standard plaque assay and by the hematoxylin/eosin (HE) staining method from 2 days post MHV-3 infection. The ratios of T cell subsets including CD3+CD4+CD8-, CD3+CD4-CD8+, CD3+CD4-CD8-, CD3+CD4+CD25+, CD3+CD4+CD25- and CD3+CD4-CD25+ T lymphocyte of total T lymphocytes in blood, spleen and liver were examined at 0, 2, 4, 6,8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 days post MHV-3 infection by flow cytosorting. We observed that the virus titer raised and showed persistent virus duplications and inflammatory changes in the livers of C3H/Hej mice from 2 days post MHV-3 infection. The double negative T cell (DN Treg cell) and CD4+CD25+ T cell ratios increased significantly from 2 days post MHV-3 infection in C3H/Hej mice, and CD3+CD4+CD8-, CD3+CD4-CD8+, CD3+CD4+CD25- and CD3+CD4-CD25+ T cell ratios decreased accordingly. In conclusion, the changes of virus titer and pathology in the livers of C3H/Hej mice post MHV-3 suggest their contribution to viral persistence. Further characterizations of DN Treg cells are that infection indicates that MHV-3 could induce the chronic inflammation in livers of C3H/Hej mice.The increase of the DN Treg cell and CD4+CD25+ T cell ratios in C3H/Hej mice post MHV-3 infection suggests that DN Treg cells and CD4+CD25+ T cells may both have important suppressive immunomodulation functions in the development of chronic viral hepatitis and have important roles in the virus persistent infection. Further characterizations of DNT cell and CD4+CD25+ T cell are under investigation.

Objective To evaluated the application value of mean corpuscular volume(MCV) and red blood cell volume distribu-tion width(RDW) in predicting early treatment responses of non-severe aplastic anemia(NSAA) .Methods 101 cases of patients who were newly diagnosed with non-severe aplastic anemia and were treated with Cyclosporine (CsA)combined androgen therapy . Treatment before baseline MCV ,RDW value were measured ,treatment for 3 months ,6 months test routine blood ,reticulocyte indi-cators and treatment results were statistically analyzed and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of MCV ,RDW in predicting early treatment results .Results The level of MCV and RDW in non-severe aplastic anemia were significantly higher than normal reference .the responded patients had significantly higher pretreatment base-line MCV value than those non-responded .especially at 6 month ,baseline MCV were 105 .10 fl and 98 .30 fl respectively (P=0 .025) .the responded patients had significantly lower pretreatment baseline RDW value than those non-responded .especially at 3 month .baseline RDW were 14 .60% and 16 .60% respectively(P=0 .001) .The cutoff level of MCV (100 fL) and RDW (15 .55% ) for the predicting 3 and 6 month treatment responses were established based on the ROC curve ,with degree of accurancy of MCV was 62 .4% ,61 .4% and RDW 70 .3% ,63 .4% respectively .compared the treatment efficacy acuity MCV ≥100 fL/RDW <15 .55%group was significantly better than MCV < 100 fL/RDW≥15 .55% group .Multivariate analysis showed that pretreatment RDW and absolute reticulocyte value was the early prognostic factor of NSAA treatment effect .84 patients with ARC ≥ 20 × 109/L , through RDW cutoff Layered compare treatment response :RDW<15 .55% group was significantly better than the RDW≥15 .55%group(P=0 .000) .Conclusion MCV can not serve as of a significant predictor of early treatment response in non-severe aplastic a-nemia .RDW can serve as of the bone marrow failure severity indicators and a significant predictor of early treatment response in non-severe aplastic anemia .The joint reticulocyte absolute value parameters ,which can more accurately predict treatment efficacy .

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) plus full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in benign and malignant breast disease.Methods The prospective study enrolled 46 consenting women with a clinical suspicious of breast lesion confirmed by pathology. All the patients underwent DBT, FFDM and dedicated breast magnetic resonance image (DB-MRI) examinations before surgery or biopsy. To observe the manifestation of breast disease in different examinations according to breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS), and to evaluate the visibility grade of disease between DBT plus FFDM and FFDM alone. Using receiving operating characteristic(ROC) and Z test to analysis the diagnostic efficiency of three examinations.Results Forty-six cases included 14 benign cases and 32 malignant cases. Compared with FFDM, 35 cases showed increased visibility in DBT plus FFDM, that the malignant lesion manifested mass with speculated and architectural distortion(23/27) and the benign lesion manifested mass with halo sign(6/8). Eleven cases didn't show increase visibility in both DBT plus FFDM and FFDM alone. The ration of BI-RADS 0 in FFDM was 23.9%(11/46), meanwhile in other two examination were 0. The ration of BI-RADS 3 in DBT plus FFDM was the lowest(6.5%, 3/46). When the lesion in DBT plus FFDM showed mass or speculated, in MRI showed similar morphology with mass or mass-like enhancement. According pathology as the gold standard, excluded 11 cases with BI-RADS 0 in FFDM, there was significant statistical difference between DBT plus FFDM and FFDM alone in 35 cases (Z=2.132, P=0.033) to differentiate benign and malignant breast disease, the area of ROC curve were respectively 0.955, 0.878. There is no statistical difference between DBT plus FFDM and MRI in 46 cases (Z=0.502, P=0.616), the area of ROC curve were respectively 0.887, 0.908.Conclusion DBT combined with FFDM can improve both detection of breast lesion and diagnostic efficiency, while the performance value between DBT and MRI are equal.

Professional assessment in Chinese Higher Education has made great progress in three stages: the sporadic practice, trial and promotion. The authors present several comments on the characteristics and the professional assessment standards of clinical pharmacy in China, and focus on the scientific system of professional assessment.

Objective To explore the relationship between fluconazole resistance and expression of multidrug resistant protein genes,including CDR1,CDR2,MDRI.Methods The total RNA was extracted from fluconazole-resistant and -susceptible Candida albicans isolates,and cDNA was synthesized.The expression of CDR1,CDR2 and MDRl genes was then detected by quantitative real-time PCR.The?CT (threshold cycle) value was obtained by subtracting the CT value of 18S rRNA from that of the targeted gene.Results The?CT value of CDR2 was significantly lower in fluconazole-resistant isolates than in fluconazole- susceptible isolates (7.52?2.53 vs.9.28?3.15,t=2.367,P

Objective: To observe the effect of different moxibustion durations on rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate the relationship between moxibustion amount and moxibustion efficacy.Methods: Eight rats were randomly selected as a normal group from the 40 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and the other 32 rats were used to establish typeⅡ collagen-induced RA models. After successful modeling, the 32 rats were randomly divided into a model group, a moxibustion for 20 min group, a moxibustion for 40 min group and a moxibustion for 60 min group, with 8 rats in each group. Rats in the normal group did not receive modeling and moxibustion intervention; rats in the model group did not receive moxibustion after modeling; rats in the moxibustion for 20 min group, the moxibustion for 40 min group and the moxibustion for 60 min group were treated with moxibustion at Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36) for 20 min, 40 min and 60 min, respectively. Six days were a course of treatment, with a total of 3-course treatments and a 1-day rest between the courses of treatment. After treatment, the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, arthritis index (AI) scores, toe volumes and pathological score of synovitis were evaluated in the rats.Results: Compared with the normal group, the serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and the toe volumes in the model group were increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01), before the treatment. Compared with the model group, the serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels, toe volumes and arthritis index (AI) scores were significantly decreased in the moxibustion for 20 min group, the moxibustion for 40 min group and the moxibustion for 60 min group (P<0.05 orP<0.01 ). Compared with the moxibustion for 20 min group and the moxibustion for 60 min group, serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels, toe volumes and AI scores were decreased more significantly in moxibustion for 40 min group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05 orP<0.01). There were no significant differences in serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels, AI scores and toe volumes between the moxibustion for 20 min group and the moxibustion for 60 min group (allP>0.05). The synovial histopathological improvement was the most obvious in the moxibustion for 40 min group, when the synovial histopathological changes were compared among the moxibustion for 20 min group, moxibustion for 40 min group and moxibustion for 60 min group.Conclusion: The therapeutic efficacy of moxibustion for 40 min in RA rats was more significant than that of moxibustion for 20 min and moxibustion for 60 min, indicating that the duration of moxibustion is the main factor affecting its therapeutic efficacy.