The aim of this study was to develop the data element standard directory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical pharmacy information, to provide application standards and models of TCM clinical pharmacy for the electronic medical record (EMR). The developed line of work is as follows: initially establish research through four forms: literature analysis, questionnaires, discussion groups, expert advice. The research range from the Chinese herbal medicine research, herbal origin, harvesting, processing, identification of traits, physical and chemical identification, modern research, character, taste, Indications, clinical application, processing, dispensing medicine, Chinese medicine specifications, usage, dosage, caution, efficacy indications to small packaging applications, drug research, management and other related issues, including traditional Chinese medicine theory, application and hospital management information; according to the general and part 16 content of the national "Health Information Data Element Standards", and the basic method of extracting data element to study and develop the data element of TCM clinical pharmacy information from the defining content. Correspondingly propose the ideas and methods of construction of the "Data Element Standard Directory of TCM Clinical Pharmacy Information", sort out medicine clinical information data element standard catalog, divided into basic categories, clinical application class, management class three parts, and set norms and standards of identifying data elements, definitions, allowable value of traditional Chinese medicine clinical information, and discuss the sources and standards of information collection, leaving the interface, standardized and scientific terminology, docking with the existing standards, maintenance and management program and oter issues.
China ; Data Mining ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Database Management Systems ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Electronic Health Records ; standards ; statistics & numerical data ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; statistics & numerical data

Through collecting and collating the development process of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing, the development of modern Chinese medicine dispensing on the basis of experience could be promoted. "Heyaofenji", "Hehe", " Heji" in ancient Chinese medicine, herbal medicine literature and law were collected, and then things were sorted out according to traditional Chinese medicine dispensing theory, skills and legal norms. Firstly, "Tang Ye Jing Fa" is the earliest book which marks the rudiment of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing. Secondly, traditional Chinese medicine dispensing theory formed in "Shen Nong's herbal classic". Thirdly, Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" marked the formation of Chinese medicine dispensing skills. Lastly, Provisions in Tang Dynasty law marks the development of traditional Chinese medicine dispensing.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; education ; history ; legislation & jurisprudence ; methods ; China ; Dosage Forms ; Drug Compounding ; history ; methods ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; history ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; methods

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma in Situ ; virology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; virology ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Microarray Analysis ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; Paraffin Embedding ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; virology

Objective To find a way to measure and count plane distribution of cells distributed on single layer and compare differences of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of periosteum germinal layer from different parts of the body.Methods After counting the number of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of periosteum germinal layer from different parts of the body microscopically and figuring out the number of cells per area unit in each periosteum specimen,the obtained data were statistically analyzed and the stratum structure of periosteum observed microscopically.Results The homogeneity of variance test showed homoscedasticity,with no statistical significance(P＞0.05).The analysis of variance found homoscedasticity but showed no statistical significance(F=0.253,P＞0.05).The periosteum of patel- la,tibial plateau and costa had two layers,while the periosteum of costal cartilage had three layers. Conclusions There is no conspicuous difference upon proliferation and evoluting activities of periosteum from different parts of body.Therefore,it is unnecessary to choose specific parts for drawing the periote- um in clinical situation.In the meantime,the structure of periosteum from different parts diversifies.

Vasectomy damage is a common complication of open nonmesh hernia repair. This study was a retrospective analysis of the characteristics and possible causes of vas deferens injuries in patients exhibiting unilateral or bilateral vasal obstruction caused by open nonmesh inguinal herniorrhaphy. The site of the obstructed vas deferens was intraoperatively confirmed. Data, surgical methods, and patient outcomes were examined. The Anderson-Darling test was applied to test for Gaussian distribution of data. Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney U test and unpaired t-test were used for statistical analyses. The mean age at operation was 7.23 (standard deviation [s.d.]: 2.09) years and the mean obstructive interval was 17.72 (s.d.: 2.73) years. Crossed (n = 1) and inguinal ( n = 42) vasovasostomies were performed. The overall patency rate was 85.3% (29/34). Among the 43 enrolled patients (mean age: 24.95 [s.d.: 2.20] years), 73 sides of their inguinal regions were explored. The disconnected end of the vas deferens was found in the internal ring on 54 sides (74.0%), was found in the inguinal canal on 16 sides (21.9%), and was found in the pelvic cavity on 3 sides (4.1%). Location of the vas deferens injury did not significantly differ according to age at the time of hernia surgery ( ≥ 12 years or <12 years) or obstructive interval (≥15 years or <15 years). These results underscore that high ligation of the hernial sac warrants extra caution by surgeons during open nonmesh inguinal herniorrhaphy.
Male ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Child ; Vas Deferens/surgery* ; Herniorrhaphy/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Hernia, Inguinal/surgery* ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Laparoscopy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effects of Jiedu granules, a Chinese medicine (CM) compound, plus cinobufacini injection, which was extracted from skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor, to prevent the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgical resection.

METHODSIn this case-control trial, a total of 120 patients who stayed in Changhai Hospital were enrolled from December 2001 to December 2006. Sixty patients were treated with Jiedu granules plus cinobufacini injection to prevent tumor recurrence after operation (CM group) and 60 patients were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) after operation (TACE group). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were determined to evaluate the therapeutic effects of post-operative management of patients with HCC.

RESULTSPFS in the CM group was 18.07 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.49-23.65] and the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year PFS rates were 61%, 39%, 26%, 22% and 12%, respectively. PFS in the TACE group was 8.03 months (95% CI: 6.63-9.44) and the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year PFS rates were 34%, 11%, 7%, 2% and 0%, respectively. There was significant difference in survival rate between the two groups (P<0.01). The mean survival time (MST) of patients in the CM group was 49.53 months versus 39.90 months of the TACE group. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year survival rates were 90%, 82%, 80%, 70% and 63%, respectively, in the CM group, and 79%, 70%, 60%, 60% and 36%, respectively, in the TACE group. There was significant difference in survival time between the two groups (P=0.045).

CONCLUSIONSJiedu granules plus cinobufacini injection, a combination that is commonly used for post-operation management of HCC, can postpone tumor recurrence and metastasis, prolong the survival time and increase the survival rate of post-surgical patients with HCC. However, these findings need to be confirmed in a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amphibian Venoms ; administration & dosage ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; mortality ; surgery ; Case-Control Studies ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intra-Arterial ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between milk intake of 3 - 6 years old preschool children and their growth.

METHODSThe data bank of 2002 China National and Health Survey were used to analyze the relationship of milk consumption and the growth of children aged 3 - 6 in urban and rural areas.

RESULTSThe percentages of the diet with milk in urban and rural areas were 46.9% and 8.2% respectively, there was significant difference between the urban and rural areas. The averaged milk intake of preschool children were 23.8 g/d, the milk intake of urban children was significantly higher than that in the rural areas (P < 0.01). The height and weight of children with milk or its products in their diets in the group aged 4, 5 and 6 years were significantly higher than those of children without milk or its products in their diets (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere was close relationship between milk intake of children 3 - 6 years old and their growth, the volume of milk intake of preschool children should be improved in urban and rural areas.

Animals ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Dairy Products ; Diet ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Milk ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of serine protease Omi/HtrA2 in kidneys of postasphyxial neonatal rats, and to study the effects of Ucf-101 on apoptosis and the expression of Omi/HtrA2 in these rats.

METHODSSeventy-two neonatal Wistar rats of 7-10 days old were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, postasphyxial model, Ucf-101-treated postasphyxialThe postasphyxial model was established by normobaric asphyxiaExpression of Omi/HtrA2 was determined with streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry 2, 24 and 48 hrs after asphyxia. Terminal deoxynuleotidyl-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to ascertain the apoptosis of renal cells.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, OmiHtrA2 expression in renal cells began to increase 2 hrs after asphyxia and peaked at 24 hrs. The expression of Omi/HtrA2 in the Ucf-101-treated postasphyxial group was significantly lower than that in the postasphyxial model group (P<0.01). TUNEL-positive cells began to increase 2 hrs after asphyxia and peaked at 24 hrs in the postasphyxial model group when compared with the control group. The number of TUNEL-positive cells in the Ucf-101-treated postasphyxial group was significantly lower than that in the postasphyxial model group at all time points (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of Omi/HtrA2 in kidneys is increased in postasphyxial neonatal rats. The increased Omi/HtrA2 expression may play an important role in the development of postasphyxial renal injury. Treatment with Ucf-101 can reduce the expression of Omi/HtrA2 in kidneys of postasphyxial neonatal rats and thus reduce renal tububar epithelial cell apoptosis.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Asphyxia Neonatorum ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 2 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; chemistry ; Male ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; analysis ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Pyrimidinones ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Serine Endopeptidases ; analysis ; Thiones ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUNDTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most widely used primary treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to its survival benefit, though its clinical effect is still far from satisfactory. Jiedufang (JDF) granule preparation is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine formula for HCC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined therapy with TACE and JDF granule preparation in treatment of unresectable HCC on survival.

METHODSA retrospective study of TACE was performed in 165 patients with unresectable HCC who were admitted between January 2002 and December 2007 in Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China. Of the 165 patients, 80 patients (study group) received combined therapy consisting of TACE and a long-term maintenance treatment with oral JDF granule preparation, and the remaining 85 patients (control group) received TACE alone. The survival rates of both groups were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors possibly affecting survival were assessed by multivariate analysis in the Cox proportional hazard model, such as maximum tumor size, number of lesions, portal vein invasion, and etc.

RESULTSThe median overall survival was 9.2 months (95% CI: 6.94 - 11.46) in the study group versus 5.87 months (95% CI: 4.21 - 7.52) in the control group. In the study group,survival rates of the 1-, 2- and 3-year follow-up were 41.2%, 18.4%, and 9.6%, respectively. Significant independent prognostic factors identified by the Cox regression analysis were as follows: serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (P = 0.014), maximum tumor size (P = 0.027), number of lesions (P < 0.001), portal vein invasion (P < 0.001), and the therapy model (P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONCombination therapy of TACE and JDF granule preparation may significantly prolong survival of patients with unresectable HCC.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To detect potential mutation in a Chinese pedigree affected with split hand/split foot malformation (SHFM). METHODS: The patients were screened for genome-wide copy number variations with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray. Copy number variations were verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS: There were 3 SHFM patients from three generations, which conformed to an autosomal dominant inheritance. SNP microarray assay revealed that all patients have carried a 0.34 Mb duplication in 10q24.31-q24.32 (102 993 649-103 333 271) encompassing the BTRC and DPCD genes. The result was verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, confirming that the duplication has co-segregated with the SHFM phenotype in the pedigree. CONCLUSION The 10q24.31-q24.32 duplication probably underlies the pathogenesis of SHFM in this pedigree. Tiny copy number variations can result in diseases featuring autosomal dominant inheritance.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Chromosome Duplication ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 ; genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Foot Deformities, Congenital ; genetics ; Hand Deformities, Congenital ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide