The directed molecular evolution of enzyme in vitro can not only improve the efficiency of evolution, but also evolve enzyme according to the investigator's desire. This review summed up the feasible methods of this novel technique.

Objective To evaluate the serum Krebs von den Lungen (KL)-6 for the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD) and its lung-CT subtypes.Methods Seventy-five CTD patients were employed for this study,44 CTD with ILD and 31 ILD without ILD.The 44 CTD patients with ILD were further divided into different subgroups based on lung-CT imaging and clinical indexes.The enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum KL-6 level.For those data that was abnormally distributed,the differences between groups was compared with independent samples nonparametric tests.Results The level of serum KL-6 in the CTD with ILD was significantly higher than that without ILD [(1 118±877) U/ml vs (253±144) U/ml] (Z=-6.047,P＜0.01).By using a criterion of 500 U/ml,our data suggested that the serum KL-6 level was useful for the ILD-CTD diagnosis;the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values were 72.7％,87.1％,88.9％ and 69.2％,respectively.The serum KL-6 level,however,showed no statistical differences between ILD subtypes,i.e.,usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP),nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and indeterminate [(1 104±843) U/ml,(1 242±1 039) U/ml,(815±400) U/ml,respectively] (x2=0.35,P=0.84).Our data further showed that the KL-6 level was significantly higher in CTD-ILD patients with intensive lung lesions than those with limited lung lesions [(1 910±918) U/ml vs (459±268) U/ml] (Z=-4.364,P＜0.01).In addition,the KL-6 level was significantly higher in active ILDs than in inactive ILDs[(1 478±917) U/ml vs (598±475) U/ml] (Z=-3.915,P＜0.01).Conclusion The serum KL-6 is a valuable biomarker for CTD-ILD diagnosis and even for the assessment of the extent and activity of lung damage.

Objective To study the changes of learning-memory ability and synapse of hippocampus after radiation injuries. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped according to radiation dose to 20Gy group,30Gy group radiated by linear accelerator and control group were used before radiation and 120 days after radiation. Morris maze test were taken to study the learning and memory ability of rats in each group. Average escape latency and search strategy were scaled and analyzed in each group. The parameters of synapse in CA3 area of hippocampus were studied by using electron microscope and image analyzer. Results AEL of 20Gy group was (41. 17 ±10.76 ) s and score of SS was 27.13 ± 2.34 after 120 days' radiation but AEL of 30 Gy group was (78.49 ± 9.32)s and the score of SS was (23.19 ± 7.65 ) nm. There were significant statistic differences Compared with control group and before radiation (P ＜ 0.05 ). The thickness of PSD of 20 Gy group was ( 22.03 ± 6.84 ) nm after 120days' radiation and (23.19 ± 7.65 )nm in 30 Gy group. There were significant statistic differences compared with control group and before radiation. It was observed that both in 20 Gy and 30 Gy group' s the length of synaptic activity area was shorter,the curvature of synaptic interface was smaller,the width of synaptic cleft and the thickness of PSD was narrower than that of control group. Conclusion There was close relation between the changes of learning-memory ability and synapse of hippocampus after radiation injuries.

BRCA1 Protein ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; Designer Drugs ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Precision Medicine ; methods ; Tubulin ; genetics ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein ; genetics

Colonic Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Digestive System Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prognosis

Attention was gradually paid by biologists to the using of RNA secondary structure in the classification of microbiology and phylogenetic relationship analysis in recent years. The development around the research was summarized here briefly. And more emphasis was given to the part introducing the application of RNA secondary structure to the analysis of phylogenetic relationship.

Objective To investigate the effect of meisoindigo inducing primary K562 cell apoptosis and its influence on the expression of conduction signal STAT5.Methods K562 cell was treated with meisoindigo for 12 h、24 h、48 h respectively.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and cell cycle,and Western blot was employed to examine the alteration of the expression of STAT5.Results ①The rate of K562 cell apoptosis treated with meisoindigo for 12 h、24 h、and 48 h was 12.5 ± 0.69,19.4± 1.07 and 42.5 ± 3.22,showing statistical significance compared with the control group (P＜0.05).②Meisoindigo could block K562 cell at the S stage,the ratio of S stage cell was increased to 70.48±6.34 with the decrease of cells at G0/G1 and G2/M stage.③Gradually reduced expression of STAT5 showed after K562 cells treated with meisoindigo from 12h to 48h.Conclusion Meisoindigo accelerrates the apoptosis of K562 cell and the mechanism may relevant to the decreased expression of STAT5.

Objective To describe the understanding level of disease of children with leukemia and their ways of obtaining disease information in order to help nurses and parents to select appropriate content and manners to communicate with children about disease information.Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 children' parents using a descriptive qualitative research method,and the data were analyzed using content analysis.Results Children during remission stage of leukemia had different understanding levels of their disease.Ways of children with leukemia to obtain disease information was correlated with their mental maturity.Conclusions Disease information should be told according to children's age,disease course and level of thinking,and health professionals and parents could provide appropilate ways of obtaining information for children on basis of their mental maturity.

Objective:To study the clinical features and treatment outcome of AIDS associated oral candidiasis.Methods:The clinical data of 31 cases with AIDSassociated oral candidiasis from 201209 to 201303 were studied retrospectively,including general data,clinical features,oral manifestation,CD4 cell count,opportunistic infections,and antifungal therapy outcome,etc.Results:CD4cell count ＜200 cell/μl was found in 30 cases,AIDSrelated multiple opportunistic infection was observed in 29 cases.30 cases hadpseudomembranous candidiasis,1 cases had erythematous candidiasis and 2 cases had pseudomembranous candidiasis with angular candidiasis.After antifungal treatment,the lesion of 8 cases reduced,that of 23 cases disappeared completely,lesion relapse after drugwithdrawal happened in 3 cases.Conclusion:AIDSassociated oral candidiasis was more common in AIDS patients with CD4 ＜200cells/μl,the main clinical form is pseudomembranous type,and with multiple opportunistic infections.The antifungal treatment is effective for the patients.