Objective To explore the effects of enalapril on spatial learning and memory,and to identify synaptophysin expression in hippocampus of streptozotocin-diabetic rats.Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into control group,diabetic model group and the enalapril treatment group.Streptozotocin-diabetic rat model was developed.The diabetic rats were treated with enalapril for 12 weeks.Then,the learning and memory abilities of rats were tested with Morris water maze;mRNA and protein expression of synaptophysin in hippocampus was detected by RT-PCR and immunostaining.Results Compared with diabetic model group,the enalapril treatment group showed a significant decrease in the mean time of escape latencies(P

HER2-positive breast cancer is highly aggressive and prone to recurrence and metastasis. T-DM1 (Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine) is a new anti-HER2 targeted drug with targeting therapeutic effect and cytotoxic killing. It was officially approved by the National Medical Products Administration in February 2020, but there are few reports about its application in China. In this paper, a case of locally advanced HER2-positive breast cancer treated with T-DM1 was reported, and relevant literature was reviewed to improve the understanding of targeted drug T-DM1, in order to provide a new anti-HER2 treatment option for HER2-positive breast cancer patients.

Objective:To observe the effects of rosiglitazone on transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1)/SMADs signal pathway in dia- betic rat myoeardium(DM)and cardiac remodeling. Methods:Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control,DM and rosiglitazone groups,each having 10 rats.Diabetic rats were induced by a single intrapefitoneal injection of streptozotoein(60mg/kg).A cannula connected to a trans- ducer was inserted into the heart to measure the cardiac function.The body weight,heart weight and heart weight/body weight (HW/BW)were measured.The ultrastruetural changes were evaluated by electron microscope and collagen content was assessed by Van Gieson staining.The mRNA expression level of SMAD3 and SMAD7 were determined by RT-PCR.The protein level of TGF-?1,SMAD3 and SMAD7 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results:Compared with the normal controls,diabetic rats experienced marked myocardium damage.Cardiac function,espe- cially diastolic function was impaired,HW/BW(P

ObjectiveIn our study, the electrical current intensities of 0.05ms square wavelenth in I/t curve were explored in diagnosing damage degree and predicting prognosis of facial paralysis.MethodsAccording to tested 0.05ms intensity values of fronto-occipital muscle and orbicular muscle of mouth in healthy side of 236 cases with facial paralysis and that values of 30 cases with completely-absent nerve, the standard of diagnosing slight, moderate and severe facial paralysis was made. A follow-up survey for the recovery of 198 cases evaluated by House-Brachmann facial nerve grading system was made for one to three years.ResultsIt is found that there were 113 slight cases and 89% of them recovered in 40 days, 112 cases reached to H-B Ⅰgrade; 82% of 49 moderate cases recovered in 4-5 months; 36 severe cases appeared visible mouth corner movement in 2-5 months after onset, and 92% of them had complications or sequelae.Conclusions Intensities of 0.05ms square wavelenth can help in diagnosing damage degree and predicting prognosis of facial paralysis.

Objective To observe the effects of telmisartan on cogtive function and the expression of Ghrelin receptors,growth hormone secretagogues receptor(GHSR) in diabetic rats. Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group,diabetic model group,and telmisartan treatment group. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model(65 mg/kg,ip) was established. In the telmisartan treatment group,the rats were treated with telmisartan (13.3 mg?kg-1?d-1) for 12 weeks. Learning and memory abilities of the rats were tested by the Morris water maze. The mRNA and protein levels of GHSR in frontal cortex were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the diabetic model group,the telmisartan treatment group showed a significant decrease in the mean time of escape latencies(P

Objective To explore how does chymase affect diabetic cardiomyopathy by investigating the gene expression of chymase and the relationship between the gene expression of chymase and the angiotensin Ⅱ in the cardiomyopathy of streptozotocin-induced diabetic hamasters. Methods Diabetic hamsters were induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ 40 mg/kg once a day for 3 days. After stabilization of diabetic state for 18 weeks, the myocardial ultrastructure was observed with electron microscope and pathologic changes were observed by light microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the level of expression of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen in diabetic and normal hamster hearts. Level of blood glucose, lipoprotein was determined using biocehemical methods. Apoptosis of cardiomyocyte was measured using TUNEL methods. Radioimmunuoassay method was used to determine the level of angiotensin Ⅱ. RT-PCR was used to determine chymase gene expression (corrected by?-actin). ResultsComparing with the control group, levels of serum glucose, TG, TC, LDL in DM group were much higher. Concentrations of collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and angiotensin Ⅱ [(95.8?16.0)?g/kg tissue vs (51.1?20.8)?g/kg tissue] in myocardial tissue in DM group were much higher than those in control group. RT-PCR result showed: Comparing with the control group, the mRNA expression of chymase in DM group was promoted significantly (0.810?0.026 vs 0.490?0.087). Conclusion In diabetic hamsters, the gene expression of chymase were much higher than thatin the control group, accompanying higher level of Angiotensin Ⅱ, higher levels of expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ. This result suggests that chymase plays an important role in the diabetic cardiomyopathy by promoting the activity of chymase.

Objective To investigate the relationship of homocysteine and blood glucose wavy coefficient with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Methods Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c),fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting C-peptide,homocysteine(Hcy),blood-fat and 24h urinary albumin quantitative (UAlb) of 154 patients with type 2 diabetes were determined,and the blood glucose wavy coefficient were calculated after blood glucose monitored by a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS).The patients were divided into two groups according to the quantity of UAlb:high UAlb group (n =81 ) and normal UAlb group( n =73 ).Then the difference were compared between two groups and multiple regression analysis was done between UAlb and a variety factors.Results The course of disease in high UAlb group were significantly longer than that in normal UAlb group ( (9.68 ± 7.31 ) years vs ( 5.44 ± 3.65 ) years,t =3.427,P ＜ 0.05 ).There were significant difference on HbA1c [ ( 9.61 ± 2.44 ) ％ vs ( 8.69 ± 2.35 ) ％,t =2.162 ],blood glucose wavy coefficient [ ( 3.06 ± 0.85 ) vs (2.58 ± 0.91 ),t =2.437],low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) [ (3.46 ± 0.83 )mmol/L vs ( 3.01 ± 0.84 ) mmol/L,t =2.596 ],UAlb [ ( 129.64 ± 118.5 ) mg/24 h vs ( 18.14 ± 3.54 )mg/24 h,t =6.421 ),UA ( ( 335.02 ± 90.39 ) mmol/L vs ( 287.00 ± 92.03 ) mmol/L,t =2.541 ) and Hcy [ ( 15.55 ± 4.53 ) mmol/L vs ( 13.12 ± 4.44 ) mmol/L,t =2.603 ] between the two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜0.01 ).Pearson analysis showed that the courses of disease,LDL-C,UA,Hcy and blood glucose wavy coefficient were positively correlated with UAlb ( r =0.363,0.270,0.220,0.252,0.236 respectively ; P =0.000,0.008,0.033,0.014,0.022,respectively).And the multiple regression analysis indicated that UAlb was related with courses of disease(β =0.344,P =0.000),Hcy(β =0.244,P =0.011 ) and blood glucose wavy coefficient(β =0.229,P =0.012).Conclusion The elevation of serum Hcy and blood glucose wavy coefficient are risk factors to type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Lowering Hcy concentration and reducing the glucose variability may be a new way to prevent the occurrence of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To study the distribution patterns of bacterial flora in sigmoid colon tissues and stools in normal population.Method Bacterial flora were identified and analyzed by using 16sDNA sequencing technology in fresh stool samples (n =13) and colon mucosa samples (n =10).Results The diversity and abundance of bacterial flora were significantly larger in the stool samples than in the sigmoid colon samples (P ＜ 0.001,P ＜ 0.001,P =0.042,P =0.006).The consititution of phylum flora between the two groups were same,including flrmicutes,bacteroides,proteobacteria,and actinomycetes.However,the proportions of firmicutes and bacteroides in stool samples were significantly higher than in the sigmoid colon samples,whereas the proportion of proteobacteria was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.001,P =0.025,P ＜ 0.001).At the genus level,faecalibacterium and bacteroides were the dominant flora in feces,whereas pseudomonas,lactococcus,acinetobacter,and flavobacterium were the most common flora in sigmoid colon mucosa.The amounts of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus were low in both two groups.Conclusion The distribution of bacterial flora remarkably differ in stools and sigmoid colon mucosa.

AIM:To explore the treatment methods and curative effect of amblyopia in children, and to analyze the effect of compliance on the treatment process.METHODS:The children with amblyopia treatment since January 1st 2010 in General Hospital of Jinan Military Area, were selected and completed follow-up for a total of 129 eyes of 78 patients, including 53 eyes of male in 31 cases and 76 eyes of female in 47 cases, the initial age of 3 to 12 years, the treatment were performed with accurate optometry, reasonable glasses and appropriate to cover the dominant eye based comprehensive therapy and compliance training of the parents and children.The treatment time was 12-36mo, followed up for 3a.The final therapeutic effect was observed and the difference of the stage curative effect between the children with different grade of compliance (good, moderate and poor grade) was compared.RESULTS:In the treatment of 36mo, 106 eyes were cured, 21 eyes were essentially recovered and the total cure rate was 98.4%, which was improved in 2 eyes (1.6%) and was ineffective in 0 eyes (0%);the total effective rate were 100%.The total cure rate was 69% in the treatment of 6mo and there was a significant difference in the cure rate among children with different compliance (overall comparison P<0.001, each comparison P<0.017).In the treatment of 12mo, the total cure rate was 89.1% and the cure rate were significantly different between children with the moderate compliance and the children with good compliance (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Comprehensive treatment of children with amblyopia can achieve an ideal clinical efficacy.Compliance is an important factor influencing the treatment effect and the treatment process.The parents and children`s compliance training can shorten the course of treatment and improve the curative effect.

Objective To explore the effects of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) overexpression on mitochondrial biosynthesis and function in melanocytes.Methods An immortalized human vitiligo melanocyte cell line PIG3V was used in this study.An overexpression plasmid Nrf2-pEX-1 containing the full-length Nrf2 gene was constructed.PIG3V cells were divided into 3 groups:blank group receiving no treatment,control group transfected with the pEX-1 plasmid,overexpression group transfected with the Nrf2-pEX-1 plasmid.After transfection,real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to determine the mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related factors (including Nrf2,nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM)) respectively;RT-PCR was also conducted to measure the copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA),and flow cytometry to estimate mitochondial membrane potential (MMP);luciferase reporter system was used to estimate the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level.Statistical analysis was carried out by using a two-sample t-test.Results After transfection,a significant increase was observed in the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 and NRF1 at 24 hours (both P ＜ 0.001) and in those of Nrf2 and TFAM at 48 hours (both P ＜ 0.05),but no significant change was noted in the mRNA expression level of TFAM at 24 hours (P ＞ 0.05) or in that of NRF1 at 48 hours (P ＞0.05) in the overexpression group compared with the control group.In the case of Nrf2,NRF1 and TFAM protein levels,the overexpression group showed significant increases compared with the control group at 48 hours after transfection (all P ＜ 0.05),while no significant difference was noted between the two groups at 24 hours.Compared with the control group,MMP in the overexpression group increased by 2.313％ at 24 hours (t =5.546,P =0.005) and by 14.872％ at 48 hours (t =8.537,P =0.001) after transfection.Both the relative copy number of mtDNA and ATP level were similar between the overexpression group and control group at 24 hours after transfection (both P ＞ 0.05),but significantly higher in the overexpression group than in the control group at 48 hours (t =5.760,P =0.005;t =22.040,P =0.008).Conclusion Up-regulation of Nrf2 pathway can improve mitochondrial function and biosynthesis in PIG3V cells likely by promoting the expressions of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related genes and proteins.