Diabetic nephropathy ( DN) is one of the most serious chronic complications of diabetes and it is the main reason leading to end-stage renal disease.Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic susceptibility is one of the important factors in the development of DN . Regions coded by exon 4 of apolipoprotein E ( ApoE ) gene involved in lipid metabolism , which is considered to be a candidate susceptible gene for diabetic nephropathy .Articles on the relationship of APOE and diabetic nephropathy including case-control study , prospective follow-up study and meta-analysis are reviewed , and the conclusion suggests that APOE E2 allele may be one of the genetic risk factors for DN , and APOE E4 allele may be a protective factor.APOE may play its role in the development of DN through the participation in the lipid metabolism, regulation of cell growth factor activity in extracellular matrix and regulating gene expression in kidney protection and other aspects .However, the detailed mechanism of APOE polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy is unclear and needs further research .

Objective To study the correlation between serum homocysteine ( Hcy ) level and C677T polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) gene C677T polymorphism ( rs1801133) in patients with cerebral infarction, and feature of rs1801133 polymorphism and serum Hcy level in cerebral infarction patients with or without diabetes mellitus.Methods Case-control study.Five hundred and fifty six patients with cerebral infarction admitted to China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2014 to January 2015 were included as the case group while 275 subjects from medical examination center without cerebral infarction and diabetes mellitus matched with the case group.MTHFR C677T polymorphism was determined by pyrosequencing and serum Hcy was determined by circulating enzymatic.Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution of genotype in different group; ANVOA was used to analyze the Hcy level with different genotype in patients with cerebral infarction, and LSD-t was used to pairwise comparison.Results Among the 556 patients with cerebral infarction ,TT genotype were 202 cases (36.33%), CT genotype were 257 cases(46.22%), CC genotype were 97 cases(17.45%).The T allele 44%, higher than the control group T allele frequencies 46.91%(χ2 =23.385,P<0.001).The level of TT genotype serum Hcy level (21.31 ±17.31) μmol/L were higher than CT genotype (14.88 ±7.71) μmol/L(P<0.001)and CC genotype(14.48 ±7.78) μmol/L(P<0.001).There is no significant statistics different in TT genotype frequency between Cerebral infarction patients with diabetes mellitus(36.77%) and without diabetes mellitus(36.44%) (χ2 =0.031,P>0.05), while the level of serum Hcy in Cerebral infarction patients with diabetes mellitus ( 18.16 ±12.90 )μmol/L is lower than Cerebral infarction patients without diabetes mellitus(23.47 ±19.53) μmol/L in TT genotype( F=4.652, P<0.05).Conclusions MTHFR TT genotype was related to serum hyperhomocysteine, and maybe save as the risk of cerebral infarction.The Hcy level in TT genotype cerebral infarction patients with DM is lower than the same genotype patients without DM.(Chin J Lab Med, 2016, 39:205-209 )

OBJECTIVETo discuss the tumorigenicity of immortalized endothelial cells differentiated from embryonic stem cells.

METHODSThe embryoid bodies (EB) formed in vitro from embryonic stem cells, were induced to differentiate into many "round cells" (the precursor of endothelial cells). These "round cells" later formed the vascular tube-like structures. To immortalize these cells, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) cDNA was transfected into "round cells" by lipofectin, RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were used to evaluate the immortalized cells. And the tumorigenicity of these cells were evaluated by being injected into nude mice subcutaneously.

RESULTS95% of these transfected cells expressed Flk-1, CD34 and vWF, and could proliferate in large quantity in vitro (cell number was doubled in 2 days, and increased 12 times in 3 days), and were able to form tubular structures.

CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that hTERT cDNA transfection can immortalize induced endothelial cells and tumorigenicity is found after immortalized cells are injected into nude mice subcutaneously.

Animals ; Carcinogenicity Tests ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Nude ; Telomerase ; genetics ; Transfection

The complete chloroplast genome of medicinal plant Asarum caudigerum Hance and its close relative A. cardiophyllum Franchet were sequenced using Illumina Hiseq technology, and assembled, annotated, and characterized by bioinformatic methods in this study. Then phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes of A. caudigerum, A. cardiophyllum, and twelve published species was conducted. The results indicated that the chloroplast genomes ranged from 186 215-186 985 bp in length, with a large single copy (LSC, 89 445-90 169 bp) and two inverted repeats (IRa/IRb, 48 387-48 408 bp). The overall GC content was 37.4%-37.5%. A total of 144 chloroplast genes were annotated, including 98 protein coding genes, 38 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. In addition, complex genomic rearrangements were detected in the chloroplast genome of Asarum. Meanwhile, visual evaluation of the discrete type of the sequence indicated that the variation level of non-coding region was higher than that of coding region. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that A. caudigerum and A. cardiophyllum were clustered into a single clade and A. cardiophyllum, A. sieboldii var. seoulense, A. misandrum and A. maculatum were clustered into another single branch. These two clade were sister species. This study provides a scientific basis for the identification, phylogenetic relationship, molecular breeding of Asarum species.

Objective To investigate the impact on the retention time of retention enema at chen shi in patients with sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease.Methods 60 residential patients (from May 2009 to June 2010 ) with pelvic inflammatory disease were randomly divided into observation group and control group based on table of random number,each group had 30 cases.The observation group practiced enema at 7:00 ～ 9:00comparing with the control group at routine time(19:00 - 21:00).Investigate the percentage of bowel movement before enema,the feeling of bowel movement and the retention time.Results The times of appearance and the degree of feeling of defecation is significantly lower in observation group than that in control group after enema (Z =- 5.968,P ＜ 0.01 ),there were no differences before enema (Z =-0.561,P ＞ 0.05) ; The media retention time is (13.425 ± 5.362)h in observation group comparing with (9.303±2.695)h in control group,the difference is significant ( t =-20.200,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Retention enema at Chen Shi can increase the retention time and alleviate awareness of defecation.

AIM:To investigate the relationship between transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smads signa-ling pathway and pulmonary arterial endothelial-mesenchymal transition(EndoMT)in hypoxia-hypercapnia pulmonary hy-pertension(HHPH)process and the regulatory effect of Yiqi-Wenyang-Huoxue-Huatan formula(YWHHF).METHODS:Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:normal control(N)group,hypoxia-hypercapnia(HH)group, high-dose YWHHF(YH)group,middle-dose YWHHF(YM)group and low-dose YWHHF(YL)group.The rats in N group was housed in normoxic environment,and the rats in the other 4 groups were housed in hypoxia-hypercapnia environ-ment(9%~11%O2and 5%~6%CO2)for 4 weeks,8 h/d,6 d/week.The excess water vapor was absorbed by anhy-drous CaCl2,and CO2was absorbed by sodium hydroxide.The rats in YWHHF groups were put into the oxygen chamber before the same volume of YWHHF at different concentrations were given(200 g/L for YH group,100 g/L for YM group and 50 g/L for YL group).The average pulmonary artery pressure and the average carotid artery pressure were measured during the operation.After operation,the right ventricular free wall and left ventricle plus interventricular septum were col -lected for determining the right ventricular hypertrophy index.Moreover,the morphological changes of the lung tissues were observed under light microscope.The mRNA and protein levels of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),CD31,TGF-β1 and Smad2/3,and the protein level of p-Smad2/3 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with N group,the pulmonary artery mean pressure,the mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA,TGF-β1 and Smad2/3,and the protein level of p-Smad2/3 were increased, the levels of CD31 were decreased(P<0.05), and the lung tissue damage was observed in the other 4 groups.Compared with HH group,the pulmonary artery mean pressure,the mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA,TGF-β1 and Smad2/3,and the protein level of p-Smad2/3 were decreased, while the mRNA and protein levels of CD31 were increased.Moreover,the lung tissue damage was reduced in YH,YM and YL groups.CON-CLUSION:TGF-β/Smads pathway may be involved in the process of EndoMT under hypoxia and hypercapnia condition, and YWHHF may reduce EndoMT by inhibiting the expression of TGF-β/Smads pathway-related molecules.

OBJECTIVETo improve the diagnostic ability of routine laboratory items in liver diseases associated with viral hepatitis through constructing assessment models consisting of these items.

METHODS(1) Assessment of routine items and formulation of models. Data of 447 patients seen between May 1997 and August 2003 were collected as the training set and serum specimens of 213 patients taken between June 2004 and March 2005 were examined and used as the validation set. Eleven items (TP, ALB, TBIL, DBIL, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, TBA, LDH, CHE) were examined with an automated biochemical analyzer. Logistic regression was applied to construct the model for discriminating between chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. The diagnostic value of items and models was assessed by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

RESULTSThe model to discrimination between chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis consists of five items (CHE, DBIL, ALB, ALT, GLO). The AUCs of model were 0.87 in the training set and 0.83 in validation set, respectively.

CONCLUSION(1) The model consisting of CHE, DBIL, ALB, ALT, GLO improves the diagnostic value of routine laboratory items in discriminating chronic hepatitis from liver cirrhosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Algorithms ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; physiopathology ; virology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; virology ; Liver Function Tests ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; ethnology ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Phosphoproteins ; genetics

Objective To explore the interaction of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion(I/D) polymorphism(rs1799752)with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) development as well as its interaction with smoking and obesity in Chinese type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) using the improved experiment method. Methods From June 2016 to March 2018, 300 T2DM patients with DKD [DKD(+)] and 300 T2DM patients without DKD[DKD(-)] were selected from China-Japan Friendship Hospital. The improved Triple Primer Method that combined PCR with capillary electrophoresis was established in this study to detect the ACE genotype. The relevant clinical data as well as the frequencies of genotype and allele of ACE gene I/D polymorphism between two groups were statistically analyzed. Patients were further grouped based on smoking status and obesity for multivariate regression. Results Frequency of the DD genotype and D allele were significantly higher in DKD(+) group than in DKD(-) group [DD genotype:15.0％ (45 cases) vs 7.3％(22 cases),χ2=10.8, P=0.004;D allele:36.5％(219 cases) vs 28.0％(168 cases),χ2=9.92, P=0.02]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that D allele of rs1799752 was associated with a significantly higher risk of DKD in both recessive model(OR=1.45, 95％CI:1.06-2.00, P=0.022 after adjustments) and additive model(OR=1.41, 95％CI:1.04-1.90, P=0.025 after adjustments). In the smoker group and the obese group, D allele showed significant relationship with DKD incidence (P<0.05 after adjustments) in both recessive model and dominant model. No such relationships were observed in non-smoker group and non-obese group (P>0.05). Conclusions I/D polymorphism of ACE gene is associated with the incidence of DKD in T2DM patients. DD genotype of the ACE gene is the risk factor for T2DM patients with DKD. D allele may increase DKD incidence in the presence of smoking and obesity.

“Omics” is a integral thought, which can provide a non-bias method, identify the biochemical pathways of the diseases, and ultimately determine the target for future research. It includes genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabonomics. We elaborate the cooperative development of omics in recent years and it’s role in the genetic variation in Parkinson's disease in this article.