AIM: To study the causes of pyogenic granuloma after hydroxyapatite(HA) orbital implants.METHODS: HA orbital implants (250 cases) in our hospital (68 pegged implants) were reviewed.All patients were followed up from 18 months to 10 years. Implants were removed after medical therapy which was proved to be ineffective.RESULTS: Ten of 250 cases of HA orbital implants developed pyogenic granuloma. Pyogenic granuloma occurred in 1 unpegged implants patient and 9 patients after pegging and drilling of HA implantation over 4～7 years. The pyogenic granulomas were not controlled by medical therapy effectively. Implants were removed in 9 cases except 1 case denied removing and continued medical therapy.CONCLUSION: Pyogenic granuloma was serious complication that occurred after HA orbital implants. Partial vascularization, implant exposure, xenogenic sclera implant, pegging and drilling of HA implantation are risk factors that affect the development of pyogenic granuloma.Pyogenic granuloma hasn't relation with implanted peg material. Pyogenic granuloma denotes the potential implant infection, and all implants should be removed finally.

Renal impairment is one of frequent and serious complications in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and is associated with a higher incidence of infections and early death rate. The catalytic activity of Bence Jones proteins (BJP) affects the clinical processes of patients with MM, and can lead to renal impairment. Scientists point out that BJP have peptidolytic and nucleolytic activity, which can lead porcine kidney proximal tubule (LLC-PK1) to apoptosis in vitro experiments. By treating the cytotoxic BJP with serine protease inhibitor (DFP), BJP lost not only their catalytic activity, but also the cytotoxic effects. Therefore, further research on BJP will helpful to understand the pathogenesis of renal impairment in MM patients and may provide a new idea and measure for the treatment of MM with renal impairment. This article reviews the basic research and progress on the catalytic activity of BJP.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bence Jones Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; LLC-PK1 Cells ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Swine

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of serum free light chain (sFLC) in primary systemic(AL) amyloidosis. Methods Twenty-five patients with AL amyloidosis,including 18 men and 7 women with a mean age of 54(47-77) years old, were enrolled from October, 2005to May, 2010. sFLC was measured by immunoturbidimetric assay. The type of monoclonal light chain was judged upon sFLC κ/λ and its sensibility was compared with serum immunofixation and immunohistochemical analysis. Four patients were treated with M (T)D (melphalan/thalidomideand, dexamethasone), one with VD (velcade and dexamethasone) and four with high-dose melphalan followed by autologous stem cell support. The changes of sFLC were serially determined before and after treatment. Results Among the 25 patients with AL amyloidosis, two were κ light chains of precursor protein and 23 were λ light chains. Mean plasma cell in bone marrow was 3.5% (0-15%). Nineteen (76%) patients had abnormal elevated sFLC and abnormal κ/λ ratios, and 17(68% ) patients with immunofixation positive. The sFLC test had similar sensitivity as serum immunofixation (P = 0. 727 ). Twenty-one (84%) patients were shown to have either κor λ immunoreactive amyloid deposits on biopsied tissues. The sFLC test combined with serum immunofixation allowed the M protein to be detected in 22 (88%) patients. The positive rates of immunohistochemical analysis combined with sFLC test and/or serum immunofixation were 96%. Four patients with hematologic response showed obvious improvement in visceral organ involvement, but illness of 5 patients without hematologic response kept stable or progressed. Conclusions sFLC test is a sensitive qualitative and quantitative method to detect M protein. Preliminary data show the patients with obvious sFLC level decrease and/or κ/λ recovery to normal may have a high percentage of improved organs function. sFLC is critical index in diagnosing AL amyloidosis, which might help efficacy assessment.

Objective To detect the levels of five trace elements in whole blood of patients with Keshan disease(KSD) and dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) and explore their role in the pathogenesis of KSD.Methods One hundred and four patients with chronic KSD were selected from Keshan diseased areas in Shandong,Sichuan and Inner Mongolia.Thirty patients with DCM were selected from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan Central Hospital,The First People's Hospital.Ninety-one healthy people from KSD endemic areas and 39 healthy people from Jinan were selected as endemic healthy controls and non-endemic healthy controls,respectively.Blood samples were collected to determinate the level of selenium (Se),copper (Cu),zinc (Zn),chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn) with fluorescence method and atomic absorption spectrometry,according to the principle of informed consent.Results The level of Se,Zn and Cr of KSD group[(36.0 + 4.9)μg/L,(22.73 + 4.62)mg/L,(0.56 + 0.17)mg/L] was significantly lower than that of non-endemic healthy controls [(56.4 ± 6.8)lμg/L,(25.35 ± 4.44)mg/L,(0.71 ± 0.17)mg/L,all P ＜ 0.05],but the level of Cu of KSD group[(0.95 ± 0.24)mg/L] was significantly higher than that of non-endemic healthy controls[(0.73 ± 0.13) mg/L,all P ＜ 0.05].The level of Se and Cr of KSD was significantly lower than that of endemic healthy controls[(54.5 ± 5.4)μg/L,(0.87 ± 0.02)mg/L,P ＜ 0.05],and Cu was significantly higher than that of endemic healthy controls[(0.66 ± 0.02)mg/L,P ＜ 0.05].The level of Cu and Zn of KSD was significantly lower than that of DCM [(1.21 ± 0.23)mg/L,(27.09 ± 7.10)mg/L,all P ＜ 0.01].The level of Se and Cr of DCM group[(39.6 ± 3.5)μg/L,(0.58 ± 0.14)mg/L] was significantly lower than that of non-endemic healthy controls(all P ＜ 0.01),but Cu[(1.21 + 0.23)mg/L] was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with non-endemic healthy controls,the level of Se of endemic healthy control group was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01),while Cu was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01).Se,Zn and Cr level of KSD decreased gradually following elevated heart function level,but the level of Cu gradually increased.Conclusions The metabolism of Se,Cr,Cu and Zn is unbalanced in KSD patients,whose Se level is still lower than that of people in non-endemic areas.The change of Se,Cr,Cu and Mn level between KSD and DCM is consistent.

AIMTo test the hypothesis that levels of sperm disomy fell significantly in six men treated by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

METHODSFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was done on the sperm heads of six men before and during treatment by TCM.

RESULTSThere was a significant reduction in sperm disomy in all six men. This coincided with TCM treatment.

CONCLUSIONThis is the first study reporting a significant reduction in sperm disomy in men over a given time course. The fact that this coincided with TCM treatment is intriguing but no conclusions can be drawn from this until placebo-controlled clinical trials are implemented.

Adult ; Aneuploidy ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Infertility, Male ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Spermatozoa ; pathology ; physiology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging in detecting and staging nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.Methods Thirteen patients with NPC underwent wholebody 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging,one of which underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging one day earlier.SUVmax and SUVmean from 18F-FLT and18F-FDG imaging were obtained using circular ROI in primary and metastasis lesions and were compared with the results of histopathology.The staging results by 18 F-FLT PET was compared with those by CT.Results The SUVmax and SUVmean obtained from 18F-FLT imaging in 22nasopharyngeal sites in 13 patients were 6.04 ±3.61 and 5.09 ±2.89,and the SUVmax and SUVmean in 26 lymphadenopathy were 5.56 ± 3.11 and 4.65 ± 2.79.18 F-FDG SUVmax were higher than 18 F-FLT SUVmax in one primary lesion ( 8.32 vs 4.38 ) and two lymph nodes (3.30 ± 0.07 vs 1.48 ± 0.06) in the patient who underwent the two imagings.Compared with CT staging results,the TNM stage in 3 patients had been changed based on 18 F-FLT PET/CT imaging.Conclusions High radioactivity of primary and second lesions can be detected on 18F-FLT imaging in patients with NPC and 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging may be useful in staging for NPC.

This study was purposed to investigate the relationship between the catalysis of Bence Jones protein (BJP) in urine of patients with multiple myeloma(MM) and toxicity on the renal proximal tubular cells in vitro, and to explore the potential mechanism for the toxicity of BJP to renal impairment in patients with MM. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) and catalytic constant (k(cat)) of the amidase activity of BJP was calculated by Hanes equation. The LLC-PK1 cells were cultured with different concentration of BJP for 24 h, then proliferation of the cells were determined by MTT method and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that the BJP from the MM patients with renal impairment significantly inhibited cell proliferation, as compared with that from MM patients without renal impairment. The BJP with higher k(cat) had higher toxicity to LLC-PK1 cells. BJP could induce apoptosis and necrosis of LLC-PK1 cells when reached a certain concentration and this effect enhanced with increase of BJP concentration. It is concluded that the catalysis of BJP and its toxicity to renal tubular epithelial cells has a positive correlation, and toxic effect of BJP on renal tubular epithelial cells results from inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis and necrosis of the cells, which may be one of renal impairment mechanisms in MM patients.
Animals ; Bence Jones Protein ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Catalysis ; Coculture Techniques ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; LLC-PK1 Cells ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Swine

Objective To explore the protective effects of diazoxide on injury of human renal tubular cell(HK-2)induced by serum obtained from neonates with asphyxia.Methods HK-2 cells was used as the target cel1.The attacking concentration of serum obtained from neonates with asphyxia was 200 mL/L.The experiment was designed as 3 groups.HK-2 cells were divided into control group,asphyxia group,and diazoxide group.Control group:joined nutrient fluid including 100 mL/L embryo cow blood serum.Asphyxia group:joined nutrient fluid including the isometric 200 mL/L serum obtained from neonates with asphyxia.Diazoxide group:the diazoxide was joined nutrient including the isometric 200 mL/L serum obtained from neonates with asphyxia fluid.The diazoxide density finally was 100 ?mol/L.Then the change of morphology was observed and photographed under inverted microscope,and the cell viability was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method,and the leakage rate oflactate dehydrogenase(LDH)was determined by biochemical methods.Results Under inverted microscopy,HK-2 cells in control group pastes the wall to be good,assumes the paving stone type,into flat polygon,fission many,the cell arrangement was close,connection large expanse,quantity were many.Compared with control group,the HK-2 cell to suffer injury obviously,the shape changed,become the anomalous circular or the ellipse by the model flat polygonal cell,the intercellular space crevice enlarged,the connection was loose,intercellular space obviously many cell fragmented.Living cell quantity reduced obviously,the cell vigor dropped,and the leakage rate of LDH increased significantly in asphyxia group(P

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the relationship between the expression of mrp and both the responses to chemotherapy and the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

METHODSS-P immunohistochemical staining and in situ PCR were adopted to detect MRP and mRNA mrp in 54 cancer tissues taken from untreated HCC patients whose tumor could not be removed during the operation, 24 para-cancer tissues, and 12 posthepatitis cirrhosis paraffin-embedded tissues. The relationship between the expression of mrp and their curative effect to chemotherapy in all the patients was analyzed, so was the relationship between the expression of mrp and the level of AFP in 38 patients whose AFP was positive after operation.

RESULTSThe positive rates of expressing MRP and mRNA mrp in the three kinds of tissues were 61.1%, 25.0%, 33.3% and 77.8%, 37.5%, 41.7%, respectively, with higher rates in HCC tissues than those in other tissues (chi2=9.842, P< 0.01; chi2=13.956, P<0.01). The rates of curative effect to chemotherapy in groups of negative and positive MRP and mRNA mrp expression were 61.9%, 30.3% and 75.0%, 33.3%, respectively, with significant difference between the negative and positive groups (chi2=5.242, P<0.05; chi2=6.627, P< 0.05). As the same as the percentage of curative effect to chemotherapy, the rates of AFP level decreased evidently were 62.5%, 27.3% and 87.5%, 30.0%, with remarkable difference between the two groups (chi2=4.710, P<0.05; chi2=8.566, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe multidrug resistance (MDR) of HCC is related to mrp expression, which initiates the intrinsic MDR. There is an important significance by detecting mrp expression in selecting chemotherapeutic method, and the expression of mrp can act as an indicator for chemotherapeutic sensitivity in HCC patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; chemistry ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; chemistry ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; metabolism

This study was purposed to evaluate the clinical significance of low molecular weight urinary proteins for diagnosis of early renal damage in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Medical records of 278 patients with MM in Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine from January 2004 to May 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. These patients were divided into 3 groups: glomerular damage group (n = 143), tubular damage group (n = 114) and normal group (n = 21). The clinical and laboratorial data were compared among them. The correlations of urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP) or urinary N-acetyl-β-D-amino-glucosaminidase (NAG) with blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Scr, blood cystatin-C (Cys-C), clearance of creatinine (Ccr), 24 h protein uria and 24 h urine light chains were further analyzed, and the correlation of renal tubulointerstitial lesion scores with low molecular weight urinary proteins in 61 patients were also analyzed. The area under curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate and compare the discrimination of urinary RBP and urinary NAG. The results showed that glomerular damage group had higher urinary RBP than tubular damage group. However, glomerular damage group had lower urinary NAG than tubular damage group. The two groups had higher urinary RBP and urinary NAG than that in normal group. Urinary RBP related positively to the level of Scr, BUN, Cys-C, 24 h proteinurias and related negatively to the level of Ccr. Urinary NAG related positively to the level of 24 h proteinurias, Ccr and related negatively to the level of Cys-C. Renal tubulointerstitial lesions were significantly correlated with urinary RBP, but weakly correlated with urinary NAG. It is concluded that urinary RBP significantly correlates with renal tubular damage. Compared with urinary NAG, urinary RBP can better assess the extent of renal damage, and has higher specificity.
Acetylglucosaminidase ; urine ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Kidney Tubules ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Weight ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology ; urine ; Proteinuria ; Retinol-Binding Proteins ; urine ; Retrospective Studies