To investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and absolute bioavailability of ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB) and bilobalide (BB) in rats. In this experiment, a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) method was established to determine the plasma concentrations of GA, GB and BB in rats after rats were administrated with the three drugs through ig and iv respectively. The main pharmacokinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability of three ginkgolide compounds were obtained by using pharmacokinetic software DAS 2. 0. After the inject of GA, GB and BB, the results showed Cmax at (513.9 ± 116.9), (701.3 ± 76.0), (5,255.6 ± 476.8) µg · L(-1) and AUC0.24h of (960.9 ± 268.5), (779.5 ± 140.6), (7,409.3 ± 1,181.1) µg · h · L(-1), respectively; after the oral administration, the results showed Cmax at (522.9 ± 39.9), (146.8 ± 31.6), (2,711.9 ± 588.9) µg · L(-1) and AUC0-24 h of (1,760.4 ± 300.7), (636.6 ± 180.3), (16,651.4 ± 1,306.5) µg · h · L(-1), respectively. The absolute bioavailability of GA, GB and BB in rats was (61.1 ± 10.4)%, (27.2 ± 7.7)%, (56.2 ± 4.4)%, respectively. The method established in this experiment has a good specificity and sensitivity and so can be used to study the pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of GA, GB and BB in rats.
Animals ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacokinetics ; Furans ; pharmacokinetics ; Ginkgolides ; pharmacokinetics ; Lactones ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

0.05). Conclusions Biofeedback and pelvic electric stimulation could be used to treat stress incontinence. Menopause status,BMI and severity of stress incontinence can not obvious affect the outcomes of biofeedback and pelvic electric stimulation.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line.

METHODSHeLa cells were treated with As2O3 and ATRA. The cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. The expressions of NDRG-1 protein and mRNA were determined by Western blot and RT-PCR analysis.

RESULTSMTT assay showed that As2O3 and ATRA inhibited the growth of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Western blot and RT-PCR techniques showed that As2O3 and ATRA down-regulated the expressions of NDRG-1 protein and mRNA (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAs2O3 and ATRA can significantly inhibit the growth and proliferation of HeLa cells. The reason of these changes may be related with the down-regulation of expression of NDRG-1.

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Arsenicals ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oxides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tretinoin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSThe specimens of 30 patients with ruptured HCC and 30 patients with non-ruptured HCC were collected. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry techniques were used to detect the phagocytosis of macrophages and the deposition of immune complex (IC) on vascular wall.

RESULTSIn this study, the poor function of macrophage phagocytosis was found in patients with ruptured HCC, which could results in the cumulating of IC and deposition on vascular wall. The IC, which composed of hepatitis B virus e1 antigen (HBeAg/1), complement C1q and immunoglobulins, was found deposited in the elastic membrane of arteries. Likely as a result of IC deposition, vascular injury occurs mainly in the small arteries where the deposition of IC was present. As the small arteries were the blood vessels with predominant injury, they would likely to be the ones to split and cause hemorrhage and rupture of HCC during vascular load increase.

CONCLUSIONSWe would conclude that the poor function of macrophage phagocytosis, which lead to the IC deposition and vascular injury may be the factors involved in the pathogenesis of ruptured HCC.

Adult ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; immunology ; pathology ; Complement C1q ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; Macrophages ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; immunology

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Obesity ; complications ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors

Objective To explore the association between polymorphisms of adiponectin gene and the risk of ischemic stroke in Han population from the Northern parts of China.Methods TaqMan probe of RT-PCR was applied to detect the genotype frequency of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNPs)(rs266729 and rs2241766)of adiponectin gene in 357 ischemic stroke cases who developed the episode at first time and with 345 healthy controls.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship of each genotype of SNPs and ischemic stroke.Results Mutation of rs2241766(T＞G)increased the risk of ischemic stroke among all the samples(0R=1.55,P=0.01)and it was still the risk factor of ischemic stroke when analyzed by multi-factors logistic regression after each factor was adjusted(OR=1.55,P=0.00).The polymorphism of rs266729 was not related to the risk of ischemic stroke among all the samples(OR=1.13,P=0.57).However,the genotype GG of rs266729 increased the risk of ischemic stroke among female population(OR=3.25,P=0.04).Conclusion The variance of rs2241766 in adiponectin gene was related to the risk of ischemic stroke in Han population from the Northern parts of China and the genotype GG of rs266729 could possibly increase the risk of ischemic stroke in women of Han population from the Northern parts of the country.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in circulating bone marrow stem cells in pregnant rabbits after AMI (AMI) and their relationship with estradiol.

METHODSThree groups of rabbits were used, namely pregnancy and AMI group, AMI group without pregnancy, and sham operation group with pregnancy. The ratio of CD90(+) cells in the peripheral blood was determined with flow cytometry in all the rabbits, and serum estradiol level measured. Four weeks after AMI, hemodynamic measurements were carried out. The morphological changes of the myocardial tissues were examined with ImageJ 1.31.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONFour weeks after AMI, the two pregnancy groups showed a higher Left ventricular end systolic pressure(LVESP) and+dp/dtmax, lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and -dp/dtmax and high levels of CD90(+) cells in peripheral blood than AMI group without pregnancy (P<0.01). The ratio of circulating CD90(+) cells increased gradually with gestational age and peaked at the end stage of pregnancy. After delivery the circulating CD90+ cell ratio decreased sharply, showing a significant correlation with serum estradiol level (r=0.725, P<0.01). Four weeks after AMI, the pregnancy group had smaller myocardial infarction (MI) volume than the non-pregnant group (22.17+/-6.34% vs 38.86+/-5.97%, P<0.05). Circulating bone marrow stem cells increased during pregnancy with gestational age and peaked at the end stage of pregnancy. Ten days after delivery, the stem cells resumed basically the normal level. The proportion of circulating bone marrow stem cells was significantly correlated with the level of serum estradiol during pregnancy, and mobilization of the bone marrow stem cells induced by acute ischemic event in pregnant rabbits was advanced. 4 weeks after AMI, the pregnant rabbits showed better heart contraction and diastolic function than the non-pregnant ones.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardial Infarction ; blood ; physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular ; blood ; Rabbits ; Thy-1 Antigens ; blood ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of haptoglobin (HP)1/2 polymorphism with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese Hans.

METHODSOne hundred and eighty-nine CHD patients and 242 healthy controls confirmed with angiography were recruited. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was utilized to genotype the HP1 and HP2 alleles and genotype frequencies in cases and controls were compared.

RESULTSThe frequency of HP2-2 genotype was significantly higher in CHDs than in controls (0.54 vs.0.35, P = 0.000). The HP2-2 genotype significantly increased the risk for CHD in univariable analysis (OR = 2.166, 95%CI: 1.467-3.196). Multifactor Logistic regression analysis indicated that HP2-2 genotype is an independent risk factor to CHD (P = 0.002; OR = 2.101, 95%CI: 1.311-3.367). Similarly, the HP2 allele frequency in the CHD group was significantly higher than that in the control subjects (0.74 vs.0.61, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONThe HP2-2 genotype is associated with CHD in Chinese. HP2-2 genotype may be an independent risk factor to CHD, and HP2 allele may be a genetic susceptibility factor to CHD in Chinese.

Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Coronary Disease ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Haptoglobins ; genetics ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of ischemic preconditioning in clinical hepatectomy.

METHODSA total of 48 unselected patients undergoing liver resection were analyzed by randomized controlled trial from December 2004 to June 2006. Forty-eight unselected patients were randomized into two groups: IP group (5 minutes of ischemia followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion) and control group (received Pringle's maneuver no and no IP was given). Postoperative days 1, 3 and 7, the liver function were checked. Perioperative mortality, morbidity and hospitalized days were compared.

RESULTSIn IP group, ischemic times were 5 - 80 min, mean 31 min, hospitalized days were 13 - 50 days, mean 20 days. In control group, ischemic times were 10 - 60 min, mean 27 min, hospitalized days were 10 - 33 days, mean 17 days. Forty-seven patients were satisfactory with postoperative recovery, except one patient died of chronic liver dysfunction after 3 months postoperatively. Postoperative days 1, 3 and 7, the ALT, AST, TBIL, ALB levels in two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe clinical use of IP through 5 minutes of warm ischemia in this technique of hepatectomy does not protect the liver from hepatic injury induced by the IRI.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Liver ; blood supply ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution of variable numbers of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the intron 2 and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position +8006 in the exon 2 of IL-1RN in healthy Chinese Han Population of Wuhan province and to analyze their correlation with the serum lipoprotein level.

METHODSIL-1RN (VNTR) and IL-1RN (+8006) polymorphisms were detected by PCR and PCR-RFLP methods in 251 healthy Chinese Han Population of Wuhan, and the levels of serum lipoprotein, IL-1 and IL-1Ra were inspected simultaneously.

RESULTSIn IL-1RN (VNTR), allele I appeared most common, then allele II, and allele IV was rare. At the position of IL-1RN (+8006), allele T was most commonly seen followed by allele C. Allele II of IL-1RN (VNTR) always existed with allele C of IL-1RN (+8006). The levels of serum lipoprotein, IL-1 and IL-1Ra were not different among the different genotypes of the two polymorphisms.

CONCLUSIONThere were two gene polymorphisms in the intron 2 and exon 2 of IL-1RN, which were not correlated with the levels of serum lipoprotein, IL-1 and IL-1Ra. However, there seemed to be a linkage disequilibrium between IL-1RN (VNTR) and IL-1RN (+8006).

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; genetics ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein ; Introns ; genetics ; Lipoproteins ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sialoglycoproteins ; genetics