OBJECTIVETo compare the results of detecting HIV-1 load by using NucliSens HIV-1 QT and Amplicor HIV-1 monitor 1.5 assays.

METHODSEighty-two clinical samples were collected and HIV viral load was determined with the above-mentioned two methods.

RESULTSThe number of samples in which values obtained by NucliSens HIV-1 QT and Amplicor HIV-1 monitor 1.5 differed by <0.5 log10 RNA copies/ml and in which the viral load was undetectable accounted for 88.9 percent of the measures. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.956 in 56 samples of Deltalog10 VL<0.5.

CONCLUSIONThe results of HIV-1 viral load determination with the two methods are highly comparable.

HIV Infections ; virology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Viral Load

Airway Resistance ; Animals ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity ; etiology ; Histamine ; pharmacology ; Lung ; pathology ; virology ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Neurofilament Proteins ; analysis ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; physiopathology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; isolation & purification

Objective To observe the significance of neck CT angiography (CTA) in detecting the vertebral artery stenosis,and to study the feasibility and safety of stenting and angioplasty in patients with symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis.Methods Patients with ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation,admitted to our hospital from May 2007 to April 2011,were chosen in our study; all the patients were performed neck CTA and brain MRA; If there might be vertebral artery stenosis in the CTA,DSA was chosen.Patients diagnosed as having vertebral artery stenosis by DSA were performed stenting and angioplasty after being individual assessment and informed consent.Results Thirty-eight patients diagnosed as having ischemia in the posterior circulation and vertebral artery stenosis were received stenting and angioplasty.There were 38 vertebral artery stenoses (above 50％) detected by neck CTA in 29 patients,among which,30 stenoses were in the V1 part of vertebral artery and 8 in the V4 part; while these 29 patients detected by DSA only showed 4 stenoses in the V4 part and 28 in the V1 part (above 50％).And 9 patients with VI part of vertebral artery stenosis (above 50％) couldn't be found by neck CTA but diagnosed by DSA finally.These 38 patients treated with 41 stents,which were all successful (achievement ratio 100％).The mean ratio of stenosis before stenting was (65.0±11.2)％ and the mean ratio after stenting was (11.6±8.9)％,with significant difference.One patient experienced lacunar infarction and 1 severe stroke with lock in syndrome during the 6-25 months of follow-up; and 1 patient experienced subarachnoid hemorrhage after the procedure.Conclusion The neck CTA is useful in the screening of vertebral artery stenosis.Stenting and angioplasty are the safe and effective treatments for patients with symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of biological characteristics on HCV/HIV co-infection, including HIV-1 sequence distance, HIV-1 viral load and CD4+ count.

METHODSHIV-1 sequence distance was calculated by Clustal W and Phylip software while HIV-1 viral load being tested by NASBA and CD4+ count was tested using Epics XL of Coulter. Significance was determined by t-test using SPSS 12.0.

RESULTSThe mean HIV-1 genetic distances were 7.95% and 15.73% (P < 0.001) between those with HCV co-infection and those without. Their mean HIV-1 viral loads were 4.61 and 4.45 (P = 0.522) and their mean CD4I T counts were 308 and 251 (P = 0.161), respectively.

CONCLUSIONData showed that in the study group, the HIV/HCV co-infection had an influence on the HIV sequence distance, but did not have major impact on HIV-1 viral load and their mean CD4+ T count.

Adult ; Blood Donors ; statistics & numerical data ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; immunology ; virology ; HIV-1 ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Phylogeny

To detect the function and expression of ventricular M3 receptor (M3R) in cerebral-cardiac syndrome (CCS) model rats and to explore the relationship between the expression of M3R and the arrhythmia resulted from CCS, CCS model rats were induced by occluding right middle cerebral artery. ECG was monitored. Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) changes after agitating M3R were recorded by laser scanning confocal microscope. Changes of M3R expression in the ventricular tissue were detected by Western blotting. QRS and QT intervals in CCS group were remarkably longer than that in sham group. According to the results of Western blotting, the level of M3R expression was remarkably lower in CCS group compared with that in the normal group. KCl induced [Ca2+]i increasing in CCS group could be depressed by choline and the effect of choline could be blocked by 4-DAMP. The lower expression of M3R in CCS group may be one of important reasons of arrhythmia resulted from CCS. M3R that depressed the [Ca2+]i increasing agitated by choline may become a new target to cure arrhythmia resulted from CCS.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Choline ; pharmacology ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Ventricles ; metabolism ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; complications ; Male ; Muscarinic Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; Potassium Chloride ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, Muscarinic M3 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

Objective:To analyze the household smoking behavior of smokers in rural Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province， and to provide the basis for the intervention measures to reduce children's second-hand smoke （SHS） exposure. Methods:The investigation started in May 2018. A total of 418 smoking families in Luqiao and Linhai were included. Field face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted and cotinine level in children's urine was measured. Kernel density estimation was used for curve fitting. The results were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi square test. Results:The age distribution of smokers in the family was bimodal. The younger smoker group was mainly the parents. The older group was mainly the other relatives such as grandfather. The age started smoking in the parent group was younger than that in relative group， but the average number of cigarettes smoked per day in relative group was higher than that in parent group （P<0.05）. The parent group had higher proportion than the relative group in having family smoking regulations or agreeing not to smoke in the room in the presence of children （P<0.001）.The proportion of the parent group who has heard about third hand smoke and electronic cigarette was higher than that of the relative group （P<0.001）.The detection rates of cotinine in urine of children were 91.05% and 86.96% in parent group and relative group， respectively. The urine cotinine level of the children in the parent group was higher than that in the grandfather group （P=0.049）. Conclusion:Children are more exposed to SHS when the smoker in the household are parents. In order to reduce children's SHS exposure， we should pay more attention to educate the parents with a family based tobacco control program.