Aged ; Humans ; Kallikreins ; analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; analysis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Hepatic Stellate Cells ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Background It is widely appreciated that many animal cells rely on the mechanism of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) after swell under the hypotonic environment,which involved in some processes of cellular physiology.But the RVD of lens epithelial cells(LECs) still is being further researched.Objective Present study was to clarify the possible mechanisms and influencing factors in the RVD of LECs.Methods Human LECs line (HLE B-3)were cultured and passaged in DMEM/F12 containing 10％ fetal bovine serum(FBS),and before volume measurement,cells were stuck to the base of a perfusion chamber,Ringer solution osmolality was decreased from 15％Hypo to 45％ Hypo,and the cells stimulated by 45％ Hypo Ringer solution were used as the control group.Some experiments were performed in the presence of high extracellular K+ concentration,chloride or potassium channel inhibitor,experiments were also carried out in the nominal absence of Ca2+,Cl-or HCO-3 to test the effect of a decrease in intracellular concentration of these ions on the cell volume response.The volume changes of living cells were measured by lag-time microphotograph acquisition and analysis system (IPP6.0).Results Time course of cell volume change after hypotonic shock in HLE B-3 cells was observed.The cell swelling was followed by a gradual volume recovery,indicating the presence of RVD was influenced by the hypotonic stress.Under the stimulation of 45 ％Hypo Ringer solution,the rates of RVD were (59.1 ±7.8)％.RVD was correlated positively to the maximum cell volume (r =0.99,P＜0.05)in S shape,and RVD changes were sensitive to alter maximum cell volume in the range of 115％-135％.RVD reduced to (16.5 ± 1.6) ％,(14.7 ± 2.3) ％,respectively after acted by potassium channel inhibitor,TEA(10 mmol/L)and BaCl2(5 mmol/L)as well as chloride channel inhibitor,NPPB(100 μmol/L)and DIDS(100 μmol/L),with significant differences in comparison with the control group(all P＜0.01).RVD decreased by(5.8±1.6)％ and(2.7±0.8)％ in high concentration of K+ in extracellular fluid and the absence of Cl-(P＜0.01).RVD was significantly inhibited under the absence of Ca2+.When the 45％ Ringer solution was pH6.8,the process of RVD delayed.The rate of RVD in the first ten minutes was (0.86±0.24)％/min,showing a significant decline in comparison with (3.24±0.84) ％ / min of pH 7.4 (P ＜0.05).Conclusions HLE B-3 have RVD ability under the hypotonic stress stimulation.A certain intracellular Ca2+ concentration is the premise of RVD activation,and Cl efflux and K+ efflux are the key mechanism of RVD of HLE B-3.Acidic environment of hypotonic solution delays the occurrence of RVD.

Objective To investigate the effect of PBL combined with EBM applied in the teaching of fever of unknown origin. Methods PBL combined with EBM teaching was applied in fever of unknown origin course for 30 clinical medicine specialty(eight years) students of Tongji class of grade 2009(experiment group), while PBL teaching was applied in fever of unknown origin course for 30 clinical medicine specialty (eight years) students of Tongji class of grade 2008 (control group). After teaching, the theory examination for both basic knowledge and case analysis was organized for all students of both groups. At the same time the questionnaire survey was conducted to 30 students of grade 2009 to evaluate the teaching effect. The results were assessed by using SPSS 18.0 statistical software for the T-test of the experimental group and the control group.Inspection level was α=0.05. Results The theory test score of students in the experimental group was (93.5±3.2) point, signifi-cantly higher than that of the students in the control group(84.7±2.8). There was statistically signifi-cant difference between the scores of the two groups of students (P=0.00). Survey results showed 19 students ( 63 . 33%) thought that the development of PBL teaching combined with evidence-based medicine teaching had its necessity, and 16 students(53.33%) thought that the teaching method im-proved their clinical thinking ability of logical reasoning. Conclusion The concept of PBL combined with EBM has achieved significant resultsinthe teaching offever of unknown origin, and it is necessary to carry out this teaching mode in medical colleges with certain teaching strength.

The silent cerebral infarct is an clinic symptom that is so slight or transitory as to be easily neglected. There are only neural symptoms and signs,but irresponsible infarct focus can be seen on image. The risk factors of silent cerebral infarct may be the same as those of symptomatic cerebral infarct. Such infarct is likely to influence the course, clinic symptom and prognosis of acute cerebral infarct and may foretell symptomatic cerebral infarct and deteriorate into pseudo-global paralysis or multi-infarcted dementia. Therefore elder who suffer from hypertension or diabetes and experience vertigo, headache, language barrier but without apparent signs and symptoms should receive cerebral CT or MRI. Minor or third-degree precautionary measures can be taken as a chief therapy for cerebral infarct. Alternatively vitamines B_6,B_(12) and folic acid can be supplied to reduce the chance of hyperhomocysteinemia. Headache is the initial symptom in silent brain infarct. Magnesium is effective when dehydration does not work.

Objective To evaluate the value of prenatal ultrasound in the interrupted aortic arch (IAA), and analyze the reasons of misdiagnosis and improve diagnostic ratio of this kind of defects. Methods Ultrasonic characteristics were analyzed in 16 fetuses with aortic arch anomalies, which were compared with ultrasound image and autopsy results of the normal fetus. The relativity of fetal IAA and abnormal chromosome was also analyzed. Results Among the 16 cases, 15 cases were confirmed by anatomy and the accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis was 94% (15/16), of which one case was serious constriction of aortic arch, one case was error type, three cases were obtained explicit type due to unsatisfactory results of prenatal ultrasound. The coincidence rate of ultrasonic type was 73% (11/15). All of the corrected diagnosed cases were detected with ventricular septal, of which 5 cases were detected with complete endocardial cushion defect, 9 cases were found extra cardiac malformations. Among the 7 karyotype check cases, 3 cases were diagnosed with Trisomy 18, 1 case Trisomy 13, while the rest 3 cases normal. The incidence rate of Trisomy 18 was 43 % (3/7). Conclusions Prenatal ultrasound shows a high accuracy in diagnosing fetal interrupted aortic arch (IAA ), but there’s a need to be improved in explicit typing. It is difficult to identify fetal interrupted aortic arch (IAA) and serious constriction of aortic arch (COA). The incidence rate of Trisomy 18 in the abnormal chromosome of fetal IAA is high.

Child ; Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Pelvic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

The Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau is known as one of the highest endemic areas of echinococcosis However，the dog infection rates of Echinococcus granulosus in the plateau regions were similar to other non⁃Tibetan areas with the high endemic，and most of the rates were below 40%. The infected dogs with E. multilocularis were ubiquitous in Ganzi Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Qinghai Province where many survey data were done and available，which was much different from those in non⁃Ti⁃betan areas where the geographical distribution of dogs infected with E. multilocularis was sporadic. The total infection rates of Echinococcus in dogs kept stable from 1983 to 2009 in Ganzi Prefecture of Sichuan Province and did not show much variation from 2000 to 2014 in Qinghai Province as well. Since 2006，the national comprehensive prevention and control strategy and mea⁃ sures against echinococcosis have been launched in China，and significant progress has been made. In the endemic Tibetan area of Sichuan，the general Echinococcus infection rates in dogs were 28.10%，15.87%，19.22%，3.28% and 1.11% from 2009 to 2013，respectively，and the Echinococcus coproantigen⁃positive rate in Gannan Prefecture of Gansu Province and parts of Qing⁃ hai Province also decreased. This paper reviews the literature on the characteristics of dog infections in the Qinghai⁃Tibetan Plateau，so as to provide useful information to support echinococcosis control and prevention there.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of inward rectifier potassium channel blockers (BaCl2, CsCl) on the functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).

METHODSDensity gradient centrifugation-isolated rat hone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in vitro. EPCs were harvested and seeded on six culture dish when cells grew to 3-5 passages. Before testing the EPCs were synchronized with M199, which contain 2% fetal calf serum. In the end, EPCs were treated with different intervention. The experiment mainly included two parts: (1) BaCl2 (100 micromol/L) and free BaC2 of Tyrodes solution; (2) CsCl (1 mmol/L) and control. Cell pretreated with blockers above mentioned for 12 h, then the gene expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), epoprotenol (PGI2) were assessed, beyond that the ability of adhesion, migration were assayed with different tests. In addition, the medium was collected when EPCs were treated for 3 days. The levels of SDF-1 were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Going even further, EPCs were treated with the signal pathway blockers in advance, after repeat the above steps, in order to analyze the change of SDF-1 and then discuss its mechanism.

RESULTSCompared with control group, BaCl2, CsCl could increase EPC adhesion and migration to same extent. Moreover, the gene expression of SDF-1, PGI2 was significantly up-regulated and the production of SDF-1 increased evidently. Furthermore, the mechanism of SDF-1 secretion increasing mainly was associated with eNOS signaling pathways.

CONCLUSIONBa2+ and Cs+ play important roles in increasing EPCs functions, such as adhesion, migration and secretion.

Animals ; Barium Compounds ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cesium ; pharmacology ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; metabolism ; Chlorides ; pharmacology ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Rats ; Stem Cells ; cytology

Objective To investigate the significance and effect of ultrasonic diagnosis on the autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in angiogenesis. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were divided into experiment group (12) and the control group (12). Then rabbit bone marrow MSCs from experiment group were isolated, caltured and marked with Brdu. After ischemic hind limb animal model on all rabbits was set up, autologous bone marrow MSCs were directly injected into the ischemic hind limb muscles in experiment group while same volume normal saline was used in the control group. Two weeks after the implantation of autologous bone marrow MSCs, 2D and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) detection were used in rabbit femoral artery of the two groups to observe the inner diameter of the blood vessel, the peak velocity and the acceleration time. The disposition of transplaned cells and the state of angiogenesis in ischemic muscles were assessed using immunofluorescence staining. Results The results of 2D and Doppler ultrasound detection showed the inner diameter of the blood vessel and the peak velocity of the blood current in experiment group obviously higher than that of the control group , and the acceleration time was obviously smaller than that of the control group P<0.01. The immunofluorescence staining showed there were transplanted cells existed in transplanted portion and state of angiogenesis was supurior obviously than that of the control. Conclusions Bone marrow MSCs had the effect to promote angiogenesis. Implantation of autologous bone marrow MSCs was a simple and efficient therapeutic method for the ischemia hind limb. Using high-frequency ultrasound to detect femoral artery may provide a practical and useful method to evaluate the effect on implanted autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.