Objective To explore the effect of manidipine hydrochloride on kidney function in patients with hypertension. Methods One hundred and thirty -three hypertensive patients with renal dysfunction were randomly divided into treatment group ( n=73 ) and control group (n=60).Treatment group was treated with manidipine 10 mg? d-1,qd, and control group was treatment with amlodipine 5 mg? d-1 for 2 weeks. If the diastolic pressure≥90 mmHg after treatment, the manidipine in-creased to 20 mg? d-1 and amlodipine increased to 10 mg? d-1 .The trial lasts 13 weeks totally.The blood puressure, heart rate, blood creatinine and 24 h urinary protein of the two groups were observed. Results The blood pressure was significantly decreased in both groups (P<0.05).Heart rate was significantly reduced in treatment group ( P<0.05) , the average blood creatinine levels dropped to normal range, 24 h urinary protein didn′t decrease to normal, but significantly declined( P<0.05) , and the creatinine clearance rate had no significant difference.The creatinine and creatinine clearance rate were significantly difference compared with those before treatment in control group ( P<0.05) , the average of 24 h urinary protein excretion significantly increased compared with before treatment. Conclusion Manidipine hydrochloride presents a useful antihypertensive and renoprotective effect on mild -to -moderate essential hypertension with kidney dysfunction patients, with no heart inhibition.

BACKGROUNDControlling plasma glucose levels, blood pressure and lipid levels is proven to reduce the risk of vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This has prompted intensive multitherapy targeted at several macrovascular risk factors. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a reliable measure of early atherosclerosis. We sought to determine whether a 6-month intensive mutiltherapy program resulted in better goal attainment than usual care and its effect on the development of cIMT among patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODSThe study randomly assigned 220 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus to intensive or traditional therapy groups. The clinical parameters, such as fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, body weight and insulin were assessed at the baseline and after the 6-month therapy. cIMT of the patients was also obtained.

RESULTSThe average levels of fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the intensive group were significantly lower than those in the control group at the end of 6-month treatment. By 6 months, a higher proportion of patients in the intensive therapy group than in the control group attained goals for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), TC, LDL-C and hemoglobin A1c. With intensive multherapy the level of carotid intima-media thickness in the intensive therapy group was lower than that in the control group ((0.88 +/- 0.26) mm vs (0.96 +/- 0.22) mm, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe evidence from this clinical trial demonstrates that intensive glucose, lipid and blood pressure control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes is associated with diabetic macrovascular benefits. Intensive multitherapy allows more patients to achieve aims of control and may reduce macrovascular complications and delay disease progression.

Arteriosclerosis ; prevention & control ; Carotid Arteries ; pathology ; Diabetes Complications ; prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Tunica Intima ; pathology

BACKGROUNDAn epidemiologic link between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and abnormal glycometabolism had been established. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, and to explore the relation between insulin resistance and hepatitis C virus genotype, serum hepatitis C virus-RNA level in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.

METHODSThree hundred and fifty-nine consecutive patients (CHC, n = 296; chronic hepatitis B (CHB), n = 63) were evaluated. HCV genotyping was performed by restriction fragment method and serum hepatitis C virus-RNA quantified PCR for all CHC patients in the baseline serum. Fasting levels of insulin and glucose were measured in all patients and the homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance was calculated in the baseline serum.

RESULTSType 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 15.5% of 296 CHC patients. Insulin resistance was present in 23.8% of the 235 nondiabetic CHC patients, in 23.1% of the 182 nondiabetic and noncirrhotic CHC patients, and associated with high serum HCV RNA level (OR: 1.754; 95%CI: 1.207 - 2.548, P = 0.003) and age > 40 years (OR: 3.542; 95%CI: 1.257 - 9.978, P = 0.017). Insulin resistance was less frequent in CHB than in matched CHC (7.9% vs. 21.4% respectively, P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of insulin resistance in CHC was significantly higher than that in CHB patients, associated with high serum HCV RNA level and age > 40 years.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; metabolism ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; classification ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; blood ; metabolism ; virology ; Humans ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; genetics ; physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo determine whether patients infected with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) show a differential distribution profile of IL-28B polymorphisms according to the presence of concomitant cryoglobulinemia.

METHODSSixty-two consecutive CHC patients were enrolled in the study between December 2008 and December 2010. All patients received combination therapy of pegylated interferon alpha-2a (weekly, 180 g, subcutaneous injection) plus ribavirin (daily, 10to15 mg/kg body weight, oral) for 48 weeks, with individualized dosage adjustments according to the patient's clinical situation. Cryoglobulins were detected visibly by separation of cryoprecipitates in patient serum samples. Three IL-28B SNPs (rs8099917, rs12979860, and rs12980275) were detected by sequencing. Response to treatment was assessed by measuring serum levels of HCV RNA by quantitative PCR at baseline (prior to treatment initiation), during treatment (4 and 12 weeks after treatment initiation), end of therapy (48 weeks after treatment initiation), and post-treatment (24 weeks after end of therapy). The significance of between-group differences were assessed by the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.

RESULTSCryoglobulinemia was detected in 43.5% (27/62) of the CHC patients and showed a female bias (59.3% vs. males: 34.3%, P = 0.05). Compared to CHC patients without cryoglobulinemia, the CHC patients with cryoglobulinemia showed significantly higher levels of HCV RNA at baseline (5.64+/-1.20 vs. 6.37+/-0.67, P less than 0.05) but lower frequencies of the IL28B rs8099917 TT genotype (94.3% vs. 63.0%, P = 0.002), rs8099917 T allele (97.1% vs. 81.5%, P = 0.003), and rs12979860 C allele (94.3% vs. 83.3%, P = 0.048). CHC patients with cryoglobulinemia and having the rs8099917 TT, rs12979860 CC, or rs12980275 AA genotype achieved a higher rate of sustained virological response.

CONCLUSIONCryoglobulinemia in CHC patients is associated with a differential distribution of IL-28B polymorphisms, and certain polymorphisms may be related to anti-viral treatment response.

Adult ; Alleles ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cryoglobulinemia ; blood ; complications ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Humans ; Interleukins ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA, Viral ; blood

BACKGROUNDIn China, patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated liver disease are getting older, and thus the number of deaths due to such disease is increasing. The efficacy of combination therapy with ribavirin and interferon for chronic HCV infection in elderly patients has not been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the combination therapy in the elderly patients.

METHODSSixty-eight chronic hepatitis C patients, who received the combination therapy, were classified into two age groups: elderly group ((3)60 years, n = 25) and non-elderly group (< 60 years, n = 43). Rapid virological response, complete early virological response, sustained virological response, relapse, non-response rate, and safety were compared between the elderly group and non-elderly group.

RESULTSOverall sustained virological response was lower in the elderly group than non-elderly group (44% vs. 75%, P = 0.012, OR = 0.270, and 95%CI 0.095 - 0.768). Among patients with HCV genotype 1, sustained virological response was lower in the elderly group than non-elderly group (45% vs. 77%, P = 0.015, OR = 0.247, 95%CI 0.078 - 0.781). The proportions of dose reduction due to laboratory abnormalities were significantly higher in the elderly group than non-elderly group (60.0% vs. 32.6%, P = 0.027). Multiple binary Logistic regression analysis confirmed that patient age was an associated factor for sustained virological response.

CONCLUSIONAmong patients with HCV genotype 1, the elderly patients had lower sustained virological response than non-elderly patients during pegylated interferon-alpha-2a plus ribavirin combination therapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Ribavirin ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Background In China,patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated liver disease are getting older,and thus the number of deaths due to such disease is increasing.The efficacy of combination therapy with ribavirin and interferon for chronic HCV infection in elderly patients has not been fully clarified.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the combination therapy in the elderly patients.Methods Sixty-eight chronic hepatitis C patients,who received the combination therapy,were classified into two age groups:elderly group (＞60 years,n=25) and non-elderly group (＜60 years,n=43).Rapid virological response,complete early virological response,sustained virological response,relapse,non-response rate,and safety were compared between the elderly group and non-elderly group.Results Overall sustained virological response was lower in the elderly group than non-elderly group (44％ vs.75％,P=0.012,OR=0.270,and 95％ C/ 0.095-0.768).Among patients with HCV genotype 1,sustained virological response was lower in the elderly group than non-elderly group (45％ vs.77％,P=0.015,OR=0.247,95％ C/ 0.078-0.781).The proportions of dose reduction due to laboratory abnormalities were significantly higher in the elderly group than non-elderly group (60.0％ vs.32.6％,P=0.027).Multiple binary Logistic regression analysis confirmed that patient age was an associated factor for sustained virological response.Conclusion Among patients with HCV genotype 1,the elderly patients had lower sustained virological response than non-elderly patients during pegylated interferon-alpha-2a plus ribavirin combination therapy.

Objective To evaluate the application of 43-plex SNP typing system in forensic science. Methods The typing of 43 SNP loci in 123 unrelated Han individuals from East China was detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. The application value of 43-plex SNP typing system was assessed according to the foren-sic parameters of population genetics. Results All the 43 SNP loci of 123 individuals showed no signifi-cant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Excepted rs1355366, rs2270529, rs10776839 and rs938283, there were 39 SNP loci had minor allele frequencies (MAF), which were greater than 0.25. Among the 25 loci MAFs, 24 ranged from 0.4 to 0.5, while 3 were close to 0.4. The DP, CDP, PIC, Ho, PEtrio and PEduo of the 43 SNP loci were 0.2901-0.6544, 1-9.8×10-11, 0.1708-0.5000, 0.1557-0.5935, 0.0854-0.2500 and 0.0146-0.1250, respectively. The CPEtrio and CPEduo were 0.999986 and 0.9924361, respectively. Conclusion The 43-plex SNP typing system in present study shows a high polymorphism, which can be an effective supplement and verification for traditional STR genetic markers. It also can be used with other commercial kits for the forensic paternity testing and individual identification.

OBJECTIVETo determine whether early application of Duo positive airway pressure (DuoPAP), in comparison with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), can reduce the need for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation and decrease the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

METHODSIn a single-center, randomized controlled trial, preterm neonates (gestational ages 30-35 weeks) with RDS were randomly assigned to receive DuoPAP (n=34) or NCPAP (n=33) within 6 hours of birth. If the two noninvasive ventilations were not effective, endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were used, and pulmonary surfactant was administered as rescue therapy. The total invasive respiratory support rate and incidence of BPD within 24, 48 and 72 hours of birth were observed. The two groups were compared in terms of PaCO2, PaO2 and oxygenation index (OI) at 1, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after using the noninvasive respiratory support.

RESULTSThe total invasive respiratory support rates within 48 and 72 hours after birth were significantly lower in the DuoPAP group than in the NCPAP group (P<0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of BPD between the two groups (P>0.05). The OI in the DuoPAP group was significantly higher than in the NCPAP group at 1, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after noninlasive respiratory support (P<0.05). The DuoPAP group showed significantly lower PaCO2 than the NCPAP group at 1, 12, and 24 hours after noninvasive respiratory support (P<0.05). PaO2 was significantly higher in the DuoPAP group than in the NCPAP group at 1 and 12 hours after noninvasive respiratory support (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCompared with NCPAP, early application of DuoPAP can decrease the need for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in preterm neonates with RDS, showing promise for broad use.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; epidemiology ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation ; methods ; Male ; Noninvasive Ventilation ; methods ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; therapy

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction for pediatric acute intussusception.Methods:One thousand eight hundred and thirty patients with acute intussusception diagnosed by ultrasound in Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from September 2017 to July 2020 were treated with ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction method. The therapeutic effects, complications and ultrasonic features were observed.Results:Among 1 830 cases, 1 791 cases were diagnosed as primary intussusception, and 39 cases were secondary intussusception. The overall rate of successful ultrasound enema reduction were 1 780/1 830(93.7%) patients. All 50/1 830(2.7%) patients underwent surgery after unsuccessful enema reduction, including 42 cases of primary intussusception, and 8 cases of secondary intussusception. The complication of intestinal perforation occurred in 3 cases (0.16%), and there were no deaths.Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided enema reduction for pediatric acute intussusception is an effective and safe method without radiation exposure, and can be used as the preferred method for non-operative treatment of intussusception.

OBJECTIVETo describe the epidemiology of neural tube defects (NTDs) in high- and low-prevalence areas of China.

METHODSBirth defects surveillance data, collected from 1992 through 1994 was analyzed. These data were collected as part of the Sino-American cooperative project on NTDs prevention. We classified NTDs as anencephaly, encephalocele, high-level and low-level spina bifida (SB) according to location of the lesion (high vs low) and whether the defect was isolated or occurred in association with other birth defects. Rates were compared in the high-prevalence (North) region and the low-prevalence (South) region, after adjusted for classification, urban and rural, season and sex, and calculated the adjusted rate of NTDs.

RESULTSAmong seven hundred and eighty-four NTDs cases in 326 874 recorded births (include in livebirth, stillbirth and fetal death with a gestational age of at least 20 weeks), the overall NTDs prevalence in the North was 5.57/1,000 births, and in the South was 0.88/1 000. There were also significant differences in the prevalence of anencephaly, encephalocele, high-level and low-level SB between North (0.97, 0.49, 2.75 and 1.11/1,000 birth) and South (0.36, 0.15, 0.21 and 0.14/1,000 birth) (P < 0.01), with adjusted prevalences in the North 3 - 7 times higher than those in the South. There were significant difference between urban (2.04) and rural areas (6.57/1,000 birth) in the North (P < 0.01), urban (0.52) and rural areas (0.95/1,000 birth) in the South (P < 0.05). Adjusted prevalence rates in the rural were 3 - 4 times higher than those of urban in the North and 1.6 - 1.9 times higher than in the South; The seasonal rate of high-level SB increased between September and November in the North (3.44/1,000 birth), while the seasonal rate of anencephaly decreased between September and November (0.18/1,000 birth) in the South. However there were no seasonal changes in other classified NTDs both in the South and North.

CONCLUSIONSThe birth prevalence of NTDs in the North of China was the highest in the world. There were significant differences between the North and the South, urban and rural. There was seasonal change in high-level SB in the North, which was in accordance to the phenotype of NTDs. It was suggested that there might exist etiological heterogeneity among anecephalus, low- and high-level SB.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neural Tube Defects ; epidemiology ; Seasons