The absorption process is an important factor in determining the bioavailability of orally administered drugs. however, the absorption mechanism of many drugs is not clear. Caco-2 cell model is the best in vitro absorption model nowadays. It is widely used in the research on drug absorption process and absorption mechanism, especially in the aspect of traditional Chinese medicine absorption, the use of Caco-2 cell model has become the hot spot recently. Mo- reover, Caco-2 cell model is also applied in the research on drug metabolism. Therefore, Caco-2 cell model will become an important method in the research of drug absorption, and will be helpful to accelerate the process of new drug screening and development.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the secretory function of islet cells in rabbits.MethodsTwenty adult New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes,weighing 2.5-3.0kg,were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =10 each):sham operation group (group S) and CPB group.The rabbits were anesthetized with 3％ pentobarbital sodium 30 mg/kg.Blood samples were collected from the left femoral artery at 5 min after anesthesia (T1),immediately before CPB (T2 ),immediately after aortic clamping (T3 ),and at 5,35 and 75 min after aortic unclamping (T4-6) in the two groups for determination of levels of blood glucose,insulin and glucagons.Insulin resistance index was calculated.ResultsCompared with group S,the blood glucose concentration and levels of insulin and glucagons and insulin resistance index at T3-6 were significantly increased in group CPB ( P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionAlthough increase in blood glucose enhances the secretion of insulin in islet β cells,hyperglycemia cannot be compensated completely by the increased insulin during CPB in rabbits.The increase in blood glucose may be related to islet α cell resistance.

Objective:to culture excellent bachelor majoring in anesthesiology.Methods:to make teaching plan for practice in anesthesiological department with emphasis on following aspects:culture of emotional intelligence;development of the sense of responsibility for work;training of clinical thought to combine theory and practice and training of basic techniques;formation of good relationship and communication with the others and culture of scientific research ability.Results:All faculties execute the plan carefully,and all the interns graduate with clinical and research ability as expected.Conclusion:It is very important for ability improvement of interns to make and execute available plan,keep strict and careful attitude,train their clinical thought and basic techniques,and emphasis the sense of responsibility for work.

Objective To explore the sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy directed biopsy (CDB) and the value of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for the diagnosis and treatment of microinvasive cervical cancer (MCC). Methods One hundred and thirty five patients with MCC were diagnosed with LEEP in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University from April 2008 to November 2010, and were retrospectively analyzed on CDB diagnoses and following treatment after LEEP. According to patient′s desire for preservation of fertility and cone margin status, following strategies after LEEP included follow-up, second LEEP, hysterectomy, modified radical hysterectomy and radical hysterectomy. Single and multiple factors related to residual lesions after LEEP were analysed with Pearson Chi-square test and logistic regression model, respectively. Results CDB diagnosed MCC with a sensitivity of 4.4%(6/135), specificity of 100.0%(4 680/4 680), and false negative rate of 95.6%(129/135). Among the 135 patients, 29 did not receive further treatment in our hospital and lost contact. One hundred and six patients had secondary treatment or follow-up in our hospital, 4 of among which were closely followed up;one hundred and two received further treatment, which included 6 cases with second LEEP (3 received extrafascial hysterectomy after repeat LEEP), 59 cases hysterectomy, 14 cases modified radical hysterectomy and 26 cases radical hysterectomy. For factors related to residual lesions after LEEP, single factor analysis showed that the ratio of residual lesion in patients aged 27-39, 40-49 and 50-65 years were respectively 19.0%(11/58), 15.4%(10/65) and 5/12 (χ2=4.505, P=0.105). Residual lesions occurred in 24.7%(23/93) of patients with positive LEEP margins, which was more than that 7.1%(3/42) of patients with negative LEEP margins (χ2=5.756, P=0.016). The ratio of residual lesions in patients with positive endocervical, ectocervical and deep stromal margins were respectively 29.6%(8/27), 17.1%(7/41)and 30.6%(11/36;χ2=2.275, P=0.321). Residual lesions in patients with or without lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI) were 2/7 and 18.8%(24/128), respectively (χ2=0.412, P=0.521). The ratio of residual lesions in patients with invasion depth of<1 mm was 17.1%(7/41), 1-<3 mm was 19.0%(16/84), and 3-5 mm was 3/10, with no significant difference among three groups (χ2=0.870, P=0.647). Logistic regression analysis showed positive cone margin (OR=5.069, P=0.014) and age (OR=1.080, P=0.024) were the independent risk factors of residual lesions after LEEP conization. Conclusions CDB alone is not adequate for the diagnosis of MCC. For young patients who desire to preserve fertility with a negative cone margin, close follow-up is acceptable. Cone margin status and age are two independent risk factors for residual lesions after LEEP.

Objective To explore the characteristics of emotion and mental health of soldier under field training stress. Methods Self-rating anxiety scale,self-rating depression scale and stressful psycho-behavior questionnaire were used to evaluate soldiers’ state under field training. Results At 3 months after training,there were 21.7% soldiers with SAS score higher than 50,and 6.4% soldiers higher than 60,but the scores were 11.6% and 4.2% respectively 2 months before field training; There were 45.7% soldiers with SDS score higher than 50 and 19.2% higher than 60 at 3 months after training,and only 25.3% and 11.6% at 2 months before training. Score of stressful psycho-behavior was (24.1?6.1) in 3 months after training,significantly higher than that of 2 months before training (18.3?4.7,P

Objective To evaluate the effect of low-dose ketamine on the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) under propofol anesthesia in depressed rats. Methods Sixty adult male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were used in this study. The depression model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The animals were then randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10 each): control group (group C), depression group (group D), propofol group ( group P), propofol + ECT group ( group PE), ketamine + propofol group ( group KP), and ketamine + propofol + ECT group (group KPE). Groups P and KP received intraperitoneal propofol 100 mg/kg and ketamine 10 mg/kg + propofol 80 mg/kg respectively, and groups PE and KPE received ECT after intraperitoneal injection of propofol 100 mg/kg and ketamine 10 mg/kg + propofol 80 mg/kg respectively once a day for 7 consecutive days. All rats underwent sucrose fluid consumption and Morris water maze tests before CUMS, after CUMS, and after treatment. Results Compared with group C, the sucrose consumption percentage was significantly decreased, the escape latency was prolonged, and the time spent in the target quadrant (the original platform quadrant) was shortened after CUMS in D, P, PE, KP and KE groups ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group D,the sucrose consumption percentage was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05), while no significant change in the escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant was found after treatment in group KPE ( P ＞ 0.05 ), and the sucrose consumption percentage was significantly increased, the escape latency was prolonged, and the time spent in the target quadrant was shortened after treatment in group PE ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group PE, the sucrose consumption percentage was significantly increased, the escape latency was shortened, and the time spent in the target quadrant was prolonged after treatment in group KPE ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Low-dose ketamine can not only enhance the efficacy of ECT under propofol anesthesia in depressed rats, but also reduce cognitive impairment induced by ECT.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of propofol on calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ α ( CaMK Ⅱ α) activity in hippocampus in mentally depressed rats after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).MethodsHealthy adult male SD rats aged 2-3 months weighing 180-220 g were used in this study.Mentally depressed model was induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress.Forty mentally depressed rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each): mental depression group (group D),propofol group (group P),ECT group (group E),propofol + ECT group (group DPE).Groups D and P received intraperitoneal normal saline 8 ml/kg or propofol 80 mg/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days respectively.Group E received ECT once a day for 7 consecutive days.Group DPE received propofol 80 mg/kg + ECT once a day for 7 consecutive days.Sucrose preference test was performed at 1 d before and 1 d after treatment,and Morris water maze test was performed at 1 d before and 3 d after treatment.The rats were sacrificed after Morris water maze test,and hippocampi were removed for determination of CaMK Ⅱ α and phosphorylated CaMK Ⅱ α(pCaMK Ⅱ α )expression,and pCaMK Ⅱ α/CaMK Ⅱ α ratio was caculated.ResultsCompared with group D,the sucrose preference percentage was significantly increased in groups E and DPE,the escape latency prolonged and space exploration time shortened,and the expression of CaMK Ⅱ α and pCaMK Ⅱ α down-regulated,pCaMK Ⅱ α/CaMK Ⅱ α ratio decreased in group E,the escape latency was significantly shortened and space exploration time prolonged,and the expression of pCaMK Ⅱ α up-regulated in group DPE ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group E,the escape latency was significantly shortened,space exploration time prolonged,and the expression of CaMK Ⅱ α and pCaMK Ⅱ α up-regulated,and pCaMK Ⅱ α/CaMK Ⅱ α ratio increased in group DPE ( P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionPropofol can reduce the cognition impairment induced by ECT in mentally depressed rats through enhancing CaMK Ⅱ α activity in hippocampus.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of propofol on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in hippocampal neurons in depressed rats after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).MethodsFifty 2-3 months old male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each):group control (group C) ; group depression (group D); group propofol (group P); group ECT (group E) and group propofol + ECT (group PE).Depression was induced by separation and chronic unpredictable mild stres in groups D,P,E and PE.Groups P and PE received intraperitoneal pro pofol 80 mg/kg.Groups E and PE received ECT at 5 min after IP normal saline 8 ml/kg and propofol 80 mg/kg respectively once a day for 7 consecutive days.The learning and memory function was assessed by using Morris water maze test before (baseline) and after depression was induced and ECT.The animals were then sacrificed and their brains removed for detection of COX-2 mRNA expression in hippocampus (by RT-PCR).Results In group D depression significantly prolonged evasive latency and decreased swimming time percentage in platform quadrant and up-regulated COX-2 mRNA expression as compared with group C.In group E ECT further prolonged evasive latency and up-regulated COX-2 mRNA expression in depressed rats.In group PE propofol pretreatment attenuated ECT-induced impairment of learning-memory function and increase in COX-2 mRNA expression as compared with group E.ConclusionPropofol can ameliorate the decrease in learning and memory function induced by ECT in depressed rats by inhibiting COX-2 expression in hippocampal neurons.

Objective To study the expression of intermediate-conductance-Ca~(2+)-activated K~+ (IKCa1)channels in endometrial cancer and its role in regulating proliferation of endometrial cancer cells. Methods Western blot and RT-PCR were used to examine the expression of IKCa1 channels in 13 normal endometrial specimens and 25 endometrial cancer specimens;and RNA interference(RNAi),[ ~3H ] thymidine incorporation,and inhibitor of IKCa1 channel were used to explore the role of IKCa1 channels in regulation of proliferation of endometrial cancer cells HEC-1A.Results The expression rate and level of IKCa1 mRNA in endometrial carcinoma(84%,0.89?0.52)were higher than in normal endometria(8%, 0.14?0.12;P

Objective To investigate the role of synapsin-I in the differentiation of the embryonic stem cells (ESC) into the neuron,and to seek a controllable point for the ESC neural differentiation in vitro.Methods Neural differentiation of ESC was induced with the "five step approach",synapsin-I antisense oligonucleotides (AS ONs) was employed to inhibit the synapsin-I expression at different stages. At different time points,morphology,differentiation efficiency and neural specific markers were compared among the normal group and the transfected groups.A tumor cell line called PC12 cell was compared with the ESC at the same time.Results After the synapsin-I AS ONs were used in ESC differentiation, considerable decreases of neurite growth rate and neural precursor cells (nestin (+)) percentage were observed at Stage 3(68.5%?4.2% vs 76.2%?5.1% and 75.8%?4.9%,P