In the peacekeeping operations of the United Nations,medical personnel need to have clear legal compliance to solve the ethical problems encountered.The existing laws and regulations are impractical with a nar row cover,which can't meet the actual requirements.Based on the literatures and practical examples,this paper discussed the medical ethical problems involved in peacekeeping operations using the three-step method (empirical investigation,comparative analysis and summarization),and provided suggestions and countermeasures to the construction of medical ethics in peacekeeping medical support.

Objective To explore the method of culture of rat adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) and differentiation induction into myoblasts. Methods Adipose tissues were obtained from SD rats,and were isolated by enzyme digestion and cultured into ADSCs.The expression of surface antigen CD90,CD105 and CD34 was detected by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.ADSCs of the second passage with logarithmic growth were obtained,and culture media containing 5-azacytidine(5-aza) and basic culture media were employed for cells in induction group and control group,respectively.The induction lasted for 7 d,14 d,21 d,28 d and 35 d,respectively.Cell growth and cell morphology were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope,and immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were utilized to detect the expression of myoblast specific antigens desmin and myosin. Results ADSCs were successfully isolated and cultured,and were identified to be stem cells.On the 28th day of induction,cells in induction group displayed "swirl" morpholgy,and multinucleation was observed.It was revealed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry that the highest expression rates of desmin and myosin were 52.57% and 50.04%,respectively on the 28th day of induction,while there was no expression before induction and in control group. Conclusion ADSCs can be isolated and cultured from rat adipose tissues,and can further differentiate into myoblasts after induction by culture media with 5-aza.The expression of myoblast specific antigen is the highest on the 28th day of induction.

Background The injury or surgery of cornea cause the proliferation of corneal stromal cells and scar formation.Recent research showed that cureumin can obviously reduce the degree of fibrosis of tissue.But if curcumm play inhibitory effect on corneal keratocytes fibrosis is rarely reported.Objecttve This studv was to investigate the effect of curcumin on the transformation of corneal keratocytes into fibroblasts in vitro and further explore the antifibrotic effect of curcumin on corneal keratocytes.Methods The murine corneal keratocytes from 150 BALB/c mice were isolated and primary culture in DMEM culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and then divided into blank control group(inducer group,CG),low-dose group(CG+7.5 mg/L curcumin),mediumdose group(CG+10.0 mg/L curcumin),high-dose group(CG+12.5 mg/L curcumin),non-inducer group.Seven days following intervention,the expression of cell markers such as keratocan,aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH),decorin and fibronectin-1 in keratocytes were analyzed by RT-PCR.The effect of curcumin on cultured murine corneal keratocytes proliferation was evaluated by MTS technique.The expression of fibronectin-1 in murine cornea was investigated by immunofluorescence assay.Results The primarily cultured keratocytes showed tlIe fusiform-like shape with the abundant cytoplasm and big nuclei.In the presence of curcumin,the mRNA levels of keratocan and ALDH were down-regulated and those of CD90 and decorin were up-regulated,showing the significantly differences with the increase of dose(P<0.05),but the expression pf fibronectin-i was not obviously changed with the alteration of dose of curcumin. MTS showed that the inhibitory rates of curcumin on keratocytes in 10.0 mg/L and 2. 5 mg/L groups were enhanced in comparison with 7.5 mg/L group, showing statistically significant difference among three groups( F = 956.00, P<0.05). The expression of fibronectin-1 was found in the corneal keratocytes with the red fluorescence in stroma. Conclusion Curcumin can inhibit the fibrosis of corneal keratoeytes in a dose-dependent manner. These results offer a preliminary theoretical basis for the application of curcumin in controlling corneal scar formation during wound healing.

AlM: To demonstrate the effect of comprehensive treatments for meibomian gland dysfunctional dry eye.
METHODS:Totally, 86 cases (172 eyes) in our hospital, who suffered from meibomian gland dysfunctional dry eye, were measured by BUT, CFS, the machine of infrared meibomian gland function and testing meibomian gland after extrusion. The scores of meibomian gland function missing and secretions were observed, which as a diagnosis, and assessed the effectiveness of treatment, after took comprehensive treatments in different stages ( comprehensive treatments including cleaning, hot covering, massaging, TobraDex, Pranoprofen and Lubricant, etc. ) .
RESULTS:All patients were treated and observed for 3wk, in which 46 cases (92 eyes) of cured, 29 cases (58 eyes) effective, 11 cases (22 eyes) ineffective, the total effective rate was 87. 2%. After 6wk, 68 cases (136 eyes) of cured, 13 cases (26 eyes) effective, 5 cases (10 eyes) ineffective, the total effective rate was 94. 2%, not appeared adverse ocular and systemic reactions in the process of treatment.
CONCLUSlON: Taken comprehensive treatments for meibomian gland dysfunctional dry eye could effectively shorten the course of the disease, quickly remove meibomian gland tube obstruction, restore the meibomian gland secretion and stable the lipid layer, and could reduce the discomfort of patients with dry eye positively and effectively.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy difference in treating irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea (IBS-D) of liver-qi stagnation and spleen-deficiency pattern with different treatment protocols, and the effects on serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), for unveiling the mechanism of intradermal needle therapy plus pinaverium bromide in treating IBS-D. Methods: A total of 123 IBS-D patients were divided into an observation group, a Western medication group and an integrated Western and Chinese medication group using the random number table method, with 41 cases in each group. The Western medication group was given oral pinaverium bromide, 50 mg each time and 3 times a day. The integrated Western and Chinese medication group was given additional Chinese herbal medicine Tong Xie Yao Fang, one dose each day. The observation group was given additional intradermal needle therapy on the basis of the Western medication group. The whole intervention lasted for 6 weeks. Before and after treatment, the scores of gastrointestinal symptoms, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS) and IBS quality of life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire, as well as the serum levels of 5-HT, SP and VIP were observed. The clinical efficacy was estimated. Results: The total effective rate was 92.7％ in the observation group, 68.3％ in the Western medication group and 78.1％ in the integrated Western and Chinese medication group. The total effective rate was higher in the observation group than in the other two groups, and higher in the integrated Western and Chinese medication group than in the Western medication group, showing statistical significance (all P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of gastrointestinal symptoms, TCM symptoms and IBS-SSS showed significant decreases in the three groups, presenting statistical significance compared with the baseline (all P<0.05); the scores of gastrointestinal symptoms, TCM symptoms and IBS-SSS were notably lower in the observation group than in the other two groups (all P<0.05), and lower in the integrated Western and Chinese medication group than in the Western medication group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the eight component scores of IBS-QOL showed significant increases in the three groups compared with the baseline (all P<0.05); the eight component scores in IBS-QOL were significantly higher in the observation group than in the other two groups (all P<0.05), and higher in the integrated Western and Chinese medication group than in the Western medication group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of 5-HT, SP and VIP decreased markedly in the three groups compared with the baseline (all P<0.05); the serum levels of 5-HT, SP and VIP were significantly lower in the observation group than in the other two groups (all P<0.05), and lower in the integrated Western and Chinese medication group than in the Western medication group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Treatment with intradermal needle therapy plus pinaverium bromide results in significant improvements in the gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in patients with IBS-D of liver-qi stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern, and effectively regulates the gastrointestinal hormone production.

The incidence of malignant melanoma, a highly fatal skin tumor, is on the rise worldwide. Melanomas are highly aggressive and have strong metastatic capability that leads to lethality. Recurrence occurs in patients with distant metastases, even with the latest treatments, and median survival is only a few months. At present, the prevention and treatment of melanoma includes surgical resection, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy. However, these strategies can lead to drug resistance and adverse effects. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have found that natural products have effective anti-melanoma activities, including inhibition of tumor growth, induction of cell apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis and toxicity to tumor stem cells. In addition, several studies have reported that the combination of natural products and traditional anti-melanoma drugs can enhance the therapeutic efficacy. In this review we summarize the prevention and treatment of melanoma with natural products.

AIM: To compare the contents of baicalin,paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetic acid in the seperated and mixed decoction of Huangqin Decoction(Radix Scutellariae,Radix Paeoniae alba,Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae and Fructus Jujubae). METHODS: The contents of baicalin,paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetic acid were analyzed by HPLC.Chromatographic conditions included: Hypersil BDS C_(18) column and the mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol-water-phosphoric acid(47(∶)53(∶)0.2),acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid(18(∶)82(∶)0.1) and methanol-water-phosphate buffer solution(70(∶)29(∶)1).Baicalin,paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetic acid were detected at 280 nm,230 nm and 250 nm respectively. RESULTS: The linear range of baicalin,paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetic acid were 2.88—72.00 ?g/mL,2.85—22.80 ?g/mL and 4.16—52.00 ?g/mL respectively.The contents of baicalin in the mixed decoction was higher than that in the seperated decoction.The contents of paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetic acid in the mixed decoction were almost as same as that in seperated decoction. CONCLUSION: The contents of active ingredients in the mixed and seperated decoction are different.

AIM: To investigate the expression and significance of hypoxia-inducible factor -1α (HIF-1α)and Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in the retinal neovascularization.METHODS: Mouse model of hyperoxia-induced ischemic retinopathy were established. A novel flucorescein-dextran perfusion method has been developed to assess the vascular pattern. histological methods were used to count blood vessel profiles in the inner retina with HE staining.HIF-1α and COX-2 expression in the retina was determined by immunohistochemical method.RESULTS: Lots of neovascularization were seen in hyperoxia group. The number of nuclei of proliferative retinal vessels increased significantly as compared with normal control group (P＜0.001). The expression of HIF -1α was noted in the ganglion cells and retinal blood vessels. The expression of COX-2 was noted in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cells and retinal blood vessels.CONCLUSION: There are the expression of HIF-1α and COX-2 in the retinal neovascularization and they have correlation.

Objective To investigate the effect of intraocular injection of mixed crystalline in vivo on survival of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)after optic nerve cut.Methods Twenty Long-Evens rats were divided into normal control,and 7 day,14 day,and 21 day groups after optic nerve was cut off.There were 5 eyes in each group.Mixed crystallin(1x10~(-4)g/L)and isotonic saline solution were injected into the vitreous of fight eye and left eye respectively.The number of RGCs was counted 7,14 and 21 days after optic nerve cut.Results The density of RGCs declined clearly 7 days after optic nerve cut.In the group with crystallin injection,the density of RGCs declined to 71%,32% and 15% of the control group repec- tively,much higher than that of the controls on days 7,14 and 21 after optic nerve was cut off(P

This paper studied the HPLC and NIRS fingerprints of Chrysanthemum with different processing methods, including directly drying, drying after steamed, and drying after fried. The method of discriminant analysis of TQ software was used to analysis the NIRS fingerprint of Chrysanthemum with three different processing methods, and the results were consistent with HPLC fingerprint similarity analysis. NIRS and HPLC fingerprints were of different characteristics, and the combination of the two methods can quickly and accurately identify Chrysanthemum with different processing methods.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Chrysanthemum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods