Background Traction of epiretinal membrane results in macular morphologic change and visual functional impairment in eye with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (IERM),therefore figuring out their relationship is helpful for evaluation of disease prognosis.Objective This study was to observe the morphological change of macula and microstructure,and analyze the relationship between retina thickness,integrity of cone outer segment tips (COST) line in fovea and visual acuity.Methods This was a retrospective case-observational study.Fifty-six consecutive cases diagnosed as IERM in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from March 2011 to December 2011 were enrolled in this study,and all the patients showed unilateral IERM with the normal fellow eyes.Sixteen patients were males and 40 were females,with a mean age of (61.05 ± 6.58) years old.Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) examination was performed on the eyes,and Macular Cube (512×128) and HD 5 Line program were selected.Mean retinal thickness of central area (＜1 mm diameter),inner ring area (1-3 mm diameter) and outer ring area (＞3-6 mm diameter) of macula and the status of COST line (intact or fractured) was recorded.Mean thickness of whole macular areas and the difference of foveal microstructure were compared,and the correlation between retinal thickness and visual acuity was analyzed using Pearson linear correlation analysis.Related parameters including age,visual acuity,retinal thickness were also compared between the continuous COST lines group and the fractured COST lines group by independent sample t test.Results The flatted or disappeared fovea was seen in IERM eyes on the SD-OCT image.Retinal thicknesses were (446±89)μm,(418±64)μm and (328±34)ttm in the central area,inner ring area and outer ring area of macula in the IERM eyes,exhibiting significant increasing in comparison with (250±22) μm,(319±17) μm and (279±17) μm in the normal fellow eyes (t=13.370,9.523,7.769,all P =0.000).Significantly negative correlations were found between the visual acuity and the central macular thickness,inner ring thickness or outer ring thickness (r=-0.686,-0.653,-0.417,P＜0.05).In the IERM eyes,COST band was intact in 20 eyes and lack in 36 eyes.Compared with COST band intact group,aging,worse vision and increased retinal thickness were seen in the COST band absent group (t =2.109,P =0.039 ; t =-4.093,P =0.000 ; t =6.669,P=0.000;t=5.376,P=0.000;t=4.247,P=0.000).COST band was clear in all the normal fellow eyes on the SD-OCT image.Conclusions Increase of macular thickness and disruption of COST band reflect the visual function damage in IERM eye.Deficiency of COST band on OCT image seems to be an early indication of photoreceptor damage.Incomplete fovea COST band is often seen in older patients.

Objective:To investigate association between loneliness and depressive episode among rural older people.Methods:A total of 839 rural adults (aged over 60 years) from Liuyang in Hunan were enrolled by using multi-stage cluster sampling method.The Short-form of the UCLA Loneliness Scale,the Social Support Rating Scale,the Life Events Scale for the Elderly,Quality of Life Scale,and the Activity of Daily Living Scale were used to assess loneliness,the social support condition,the stimulating quantity of negative life events,the quality of life,and the abilities of daily life activities,respectively.The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ-TR Axis I Disorders questionnaire survey was performed by a face-to-face interview.Results:The prevalence rate of depressive episode among the rural older people was 6.8％.Multivariable analysis showed that the elderly who were with stronger loneliness were the risk factor of depression (OR=1.126,95％CI 1.038 to 1.221).Conclusion:Loneliness is positively associated with an increased risk of depressive episode.

OBJECTIVETo assess the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on dementia.

METHODSThe literatures of acupuncture for treatment of dementia are comprehensively searched in according with the demands of the evidence-based medicine (EBM), which are collected from relevant domestic medical literature databases in the last ten years. Meta-analysis is conducted on the literatures enrolled.

RESULTSTwenty-two randomized controlled trials are included, among them, 19 trials are carried out by Meta-analysis. The total OR is 3.72 [2.73, 5.07], and the funnel plot is approximately symmetry. It is indicated that the curative effect of acupuncture groups is better than the control groups (Z = 8.32, P < 0.00001).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture therapy is effective on dementia according to the domestic clinical literatures. However, the quality of the studies needs further improving and increasing.

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; genetics ; Exons ; genetics ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mutation ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Pulmonary Artery ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sarcoma ; genetics

Autophagy is a self-protecting cell catabolic pathway. That macrophages involved in lipid metabolism dis-orders are the basis of atherosclerotic lesions. Autophagy plays an important role in the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis and the promotion of cholesterol efflux. The macrophage autophagy can promote lipid metabolism, re-duce the formation of foam cells and inflammation signal, thereby inhibit atherosclerosis. Induction of macrophage autophagy may have potential significance in the treatment of atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare intranasal midazolam and intramuscular phenobarbital sodium for their sedative effect in neonates undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: A total of 70 neonates who underwent cranial MRI from September 2017 to March 2019 were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 35 cases in each group. The observation group received intranasal drops of midazolam (0.3 mg/kg), and the control group received intramuscular injection of phenobarbital sodium (10 mg/kg). The sedation status of the neonates was evaluated using the Ramsay Sedation Scale. Meanwhile, the two groups were compared for the success rate of MRI procedure and incidence of adverse reactions. RESULTS: In the observation group, the sedation score was the highest at 20 minutes post administration, then was gradually decreasing, and decreased to the lowest level at 70 minutes post administration. In the control group, the sedation score was the lowest at 10 minutes post administration, then was gradually increasing, and increased to the highest level at 40 minutes and 50 minutes post administration, followed by a gradual decrease. Comparison of the sedation score at each time period suggested that the sedation score was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group within 40 minutes post administration (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences between the two groups in the sedation score after 40 minutes post administration (P>0.05). The success rate of MRI procedure was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (89% vs 69%, P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of adverse reactions (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Intranasal midazolam is superior to intramuscular phenobarbital sodium in the sedative effect in neonates undergoing MRI, with the benefits of being fast, convenient, safe, and effective.
Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; pharmacology ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Midazolam ; Prospective Studies ; Single-Blind Method

OBJECTIVE: To explore the reliability and validity of the short-form of the UCLA loneliness scale (ULS-8) among Chinese rural community-dwelling elderly. METHODS: ULS-8 was used for 839 Chinese rural community-dwelling elderly during face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: After deleting item-3 (I am an outgoing person) and item-6 (I can find companionship when I want it), the exploratory factor analysis showed that the construction of the new scale (ULS-6) fit the original construction of ULS-8, a single-factor resolution. Cronbach's α coefficient of ULS-6 was 0.831. Test-retest reliability was 0.715. All item-total correlations reached statistical significance. The total score of ULS-6 was correlated to quality of life, social support, suicidal ideation, and current major depression episode. CONCLUSION ULS-6 shows satisfactory reliability and validity and meets the needs of psychometric properties, and can be used for the evaluation of loneliness among Chinese rural elderly.
Aged ; China ; Community Health Services ; Female ; Humans ; Loneliness ; psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rural Population ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To evaluate the application of curved cutter stapler(Contour TM)in the anterior resection of rectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 57 patients of rectal cancer， who received anterior resection with the curved cutter stapler during the period between November 2005 and August 2006，were analyzed retrospectively.Of the 51 cases who received double stapling technique anterior resection.Of the 6 patients who underwent Hartmann procedure.Results Among above 51patients，41 patients(80.4％)were uhralow anastomosis and no local recurrence occurred.Anastomotic leakage was found in 1 patient，anastomotic bleeding occurred in 3 patients and rectovaginal fistula in 2.In the 6 patients who received Hartmann's procedure，the average distance from cutting and closing line to anal verge was 2.8 cm.Conclusion The ContourTm curved cutter stapler is superior in the anus-preserving surgery of lower rectal cancer when compared with linear stapler.

Objective To evaluate the application of curved cutter stapler(Contour TM)in the anterior resection of rectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 57 patients of rectal cancer， who received anterior resection with the curved cutter stapler during the period between November 2005 and August 2006，were analyzed retrospectively.Of the 51 cases who received double stapling technique anterior resection.Of the 6 patients who underwent Hartmann procedure.Results Among above 51patients，41 patients(80.4％)were uhralow anastomosis and no local recurrence occurred.Anastomotic leakage was found in 1 patient，anastomotic bleeding occurred in 3 patients and rectovaginal fistula in 2.In the 6 patients who received Hartmann's procedure，the average distance from cutting and closing line to anal verge was 2.8 cm.Conclusion The ContourTm curved cutter stapler is superior in the anus-preserving surgery of lower rectal cancer when compared with linear stapler.

Objective ATRA can restrain proliferation and promote differentiation in various tumor cells. The aim of the study is to investigate the differentiation characteristics of K562 induced by ATRA. Methods Morphology (Benzidine staining, Wright's staining, NSE staining and NBT recovery test) and flow cytometry were used to observe the differentiation characteristics of K562 after co-incubation with 1 μmol/L and 2.5 μmol/L ATRA for 1 d, 4 ds, and 5 ds. Results Co-incubated for 4 ds, 61.5% K562 cells in the 1 μmol/L ATRA group and 39% K562 cells in the 2.5 μmol/L ATRA group showed some evidence of myeloid maturation, but no evidence of erythroid or monocytoid maturation. Co-incubated for 5 ds, the percentage of differentiated K562 cells was much higher than that in the control group. One day after induction by 1 μmol/L ATRA or 2.5 μmol/L ATRA, the expression of CD13 was 8.0% and 6.7%, respectively, which was higher than that in the control group (2.1%). Five days after induction by 1 μmol/L ATRA or 2.5 μmol/L ATRA, the expression of CD13 increased to 28.1% and 37.8%, respectively, while the expression of CD71 decreased to 1.2% and 0.9% respectively. The differences between the ATRA groups and the control group were significant (P<0.05). CD71 decreased from 9.7% and 10.8% in the 1 μmol/L and 2.5 μmol/L ATRA groups on day 1 to 1.2% and 0.9% on day 5, while the CD13 expression level increased from 8.0% and 6.7% to 28.1% and 37.8%, respectively. Conclusions ATRA can induce K562 to differentiate into myeloid linage.