Objective To analyze the pressure source and effect of comprehensive intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods 200 diabetes patients were randomized into the observation group and the control group with 100 cases in each group. Comprehensive intervention was introduced into the observation group and the control group underwent routine treatment. The pressure source was investigated after intervention by questionnaires and the results were compared. Results Fearing of serious complications bocame the most common cause of pressure. The scores of Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)were lower and the biochemical index was also better in the observation group than those in the control group as well as those before intervention in the observation group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The depression, anxiety status and biochemical index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were effectively controled by corresponding and comprehensive intervention measures according to the sequence order of pressure source.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of safflower yellow (SY) on inflammatory injury in cortex of APP/PS1 double Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice. METHODS: Six-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic male mice were used in the study. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: model group, galanthamine group, high, middle and low dose groups of Safflower Yellow, and wild-type mice with same age were selected into normal control group. Each group mice were performed Morris water maze test after given different drugs by gavage for three months. The level of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ and iNOS in cortex were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with wild-type controls, the ability of learning and memory were decreased in the model group. The level of IL-1β, IFN-γ and iNOS increased as well as the expression of IL-4, IL-10 decreased (P<0.01). After SY treatment, the learning and memory abilities of middle dose group were elevated (P<0.01); it could obviously down-regulate the expression of IL-1β, IFN-7, iNOS and up-regulate the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 (P<0.01). High and low dose groups could obviously down-regulate the expression of IFN-γ, iNOS and up-regulate the expression of IL-10 (P<0.01). High dose group does had obvious effect of up-regulating the expression of IL-4 (P<0.01), Both of High and low dose groups didn't have statistical significance on the expression of IL-1β. CONCLUSION Safflower Yellow could improve the ability of learning and memory and exert protective effects on inflammation damage in the cortex of APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the injury stress responses caused by ischemia reperfusion and its effects on the salivary secretory function of rat submandibular glands.

METHODSAn in situ ischemia reperfusion experimental model of rat submandibular glands was developed. The rat submandibular glands were subjected to 90 min of ischemia without denervation followed by reperfusion for 1, 12, 24, and 72 h. Salivary secretion, histological changes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cellular apoptosis of the involved submandibular glands were detected after reperfusion.

RESULTSThe secretory function of the glands decreased at 1 and 12 h, and the saliva secretion gradually had the same value as that of the control sample 72 h after reperfusion. Increasing inflammatory cells infiltration, cellular atrophy, and tissue edema were observed especially after reperfusion for 12 h. The level of ROS and the number of apoptotic cells exhibited the same tendency, and higher ROS levels and more apoptosis cells 1 and 12 h after reperfusion were observed.

CONCLUSIONOur study suggests that ischemia reperfusion can cause a series of injury stress responses in submandibular glands, which might have an important function in the early phase dysfunction of transplanted submandibular glands.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; Submandibular Gland

OBJECTIVETo explore the methylation status in promoter region of norepinephrine transporter gene (NET, SLC6A2) in heart failure ( HF) patients and its correlation with qi deficiency/blood stasis syndrome (QDS/BSS).

METHODSThirty-six patients with heart failure (NYHA classification III to IV) were recruited in the study (as the heart failure group) and their scores of QDS/BSS were evaluated. Besides, a healthy elderly group (30 cases) and a healthy youth group (30 cases) were also set up. They were recruited from Physical Examination Center of Fujian Provincial Hospital. Pyrosequencing was applied to detect the methylation in promoter region of SLC6A2 gene, and the total methylation index (MTI) of CpG island was calculated. The correlation between the methylation status in promoter region of SLC6A2 and scores of QDS/BSS was assessed using Pearson and Partial analyses. Risk factors were screened and adjusted using Logistic regression.

RESULTSBy one-factor analysis of variance, the total MTI in the HF group (219.72% ± 54.03%) was obviously higher than that in the healthy elderly group (194.47% ± 34.92%) and the healthy youth group (161.60% ± 41.11%) (all P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the total MTI was higher in the healthy elderly group than in the healthy youth group (P < 0.01). By covariance analysis , after controlling age and BMI, the total MTI was higher in the HF group than in the healthy elderly group (P = 0.041), while it was higher in the healthy elderly group than in the healthy youth group (P = 0.016). Age was found to play an essential role in affecting MTI of SLC6A2 gene promoter region among the 3 groups (F = 16.447, P = 0.01). The total MTI was quite lower in the healthy youth group. Results of Partial correlation analysis showed MTI was positively correlated with scores of qi deficiency and blood stasis respectively (r = 0.494 and 0.419 respectively, both P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed after adjusting confounding factors, the relative risk (OR value) of total MTI of SLC6A2 gene in promoter region was 1.038 (95% CI, 1.006 to 1.071, P = 0.020).

CONCLUSIONSAbnormally elevated methylation of the promoter region of SLC6A2 gene is one of risk factors for HF. In addition, the degree of methylation of the promoter region of SLC6A2 gene was positively correlated with the severity of QDS/BSS.

Adolescent ; Aged ; DNA Methylation ; Heart Failure ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Qi

Data mining, as known as knowledge discovery in databases, is a non-trivial process of revealing the implied, previously unknown and potentially useful information from the massive data. In recently years, the applications of data mining in the field of pharmaceutical research of traditional Chinese medicine have widespread. Especially in the field of the heritage of experiences of na-tional medical masters, data mining plays an important role. In this study, we would expound of the use of methods of data mining in the heritage of experiences of national medical masters, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages, such as association rules, Bayesian networks, neural networks, and decision trees.
Data Mining ; Databases, Pharmaceutical ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neural Networks (Computer)

Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Atractylodis Rhizoma were widely used in strengthening spleen under different disease conditions, and were easily and often misused each other. Therefore, DNA barcode was used to distinguish Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Atractylodis Rhizoma from their adulterants to ensure the safe use. The sequence lengths of ITS2 of Atractylodes macrocephala, Atractylodis Rhizoma (A. lancea, A. japonica and A. coreana) were both 229 bp. Among the ITS2 sequences of A. macrocephala, only one G/C transversion was detected at site 98, and the average GC content was 69.42%. No variable site was detected in the ITS2 sequences of A. lancea. The maximum K2P intraspecific genetic distances of both A. japonica and A. coreana were 0.013. The maximum K2P intraspecific genetic distances of A. macrocephala, A. lancea, A. japonica and A. coreana were less than the minimum interspecific genetic distance of adulterants. The ITS2 sequences in each of these polytypic species were separated into pairs of divergent clusters in the NJ tree. DNA barcoding could be used as a fast and accurate identification method to distinguish Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Atractylodis Rhizoma, from their adulterants to ensure its safe use.
Atractylodes ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; classification ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of high frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of duodenal obstruction in neonates.Methods Ultrasonography,clinical data and etiological diagnoses of the operation in 113 neonates with duodenal obstruction were reviewed retrospectively.The digestive tract,including stomach,duodenum,jejunoileum and colon,were examined in all patients with 8-12 MHz linear transducer before operation.Results In the 113 neonates with duodenal obstruction,63 cases were diagnosed intestinal malrotation,31 cases duodenal stenosis,14 cases annular pancreas,and 5 cases duodenal atresia.One hundred and six cases were diagnosed as duodenal obstruction by ultrasound,of which intestinal malrotation in 61 cases,duodenal stenosis in 29 cases,duodenal atresia in 4 cases,and annular pancreas in 12 cases.The diagnostic rate was 93.81% (106/113 cases),96.83% (61/63 cases),93.55% (29/31 cases),80.00% (4/5cases) and 85.71% (12/14 cases),respectively.The location of obstruction diagnosed by ultrasound was coincident with the operation in 92 cases,with a diagnostic rate of 81.42%(92/113).Conclusions High frequency ultrasound plays an important role in diagnosing the causes and location of duodenal obstruction.It can be used as the first choice of examinal methods for the neonates with duodenal obstruction.

Objective To investigate the level of IL-17 and its clinical significance in patients with primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome (pSS) complicated with interstitial lung disease (ILD).Methods IL-17 levels were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 53 untreated patients with pSS (25patients with only lacriminal and/or salivary gland involvement,28 with only interstitial lung disease involvement) and 15 healthy controls.The related clinical and laboratory data were recorded.ANOVA,LSDtest and Pearson test were used for statistical analysis.Results There were significant differences between the 3 groups(F=22.504,P=0.000).The mean concentration of sera IL-I7 in the patients with ILD was significantly higher than in patients with only lacriminal or salivary gland involvement (P＜0.05).There was no difference in the levels of sera IL-17 between the patients with only lacriminal and/or salivary gland involvement and healthy controls (P＞0.05).Conclusion Our results show that patients with pSS concomitant with ILD have high serum IL-17 levels,which highlight the role of IL-17 in Sj(o)gren's syndrome interstitial lung injury.

OBJECTIVETo explore the underwater decompression schedule for 100 m Trimix conventional diving operations and evaluate its safety through a simulated rabbits Trimix conventional diving.

METHODSAccording to the Haldane theory, the assumed time units, the classification of tissue compartments, the nitrogen super-saturation safety coefficient and the selection of methods used for the calculation of the simulated 100 m Trimix conventional diving schedule were properly selected, and the calculating method for the dive decompression schedule was thus firmly established. In our experiments, five tissue compartments were selected during the calculation of decompression schedule: 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 40 min and 75 min, and the nitrogen super-saturation safety coefficient was calculated by 1.6. Eight New Zealand rabbits were performed a simulated 100 m Trimix dive program which was established according to the Haldane theory, and eight rabbits for intact group. The tissues wet/dry ratio and ethology were detected and observed before and after the simulated diving to evaluate the safety of decompression schedule.

RESULTSBy using the developed underwater decompression schedule, abnormal ethology changes in rabbits could not be observed after compression and decompression to the surface; and the tissues wet/dry ratio of simulated diving rabbits had no significant changes compared with the intact group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe decompression schedule calculated by Haldane theory seemed to be safe and reliable, the diving breathing gas concentration did not cause oxygen toxicity and nitrogen narcosis among the dive rabbits, and dive efficiency was greatly improved by using enriched oxygen gas in UPTD safety range during decompression.

Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Decompression ; Diving ; Helium ; Nitrogen ; Oxygen ; Rabbits