Phyllodes tumor is a rare breast tumor. A 45-year-old woman who underwent left mastectomy 12 years ago was found to have infiltrates in both lungs in a health examination. Combining histological examinations of the lung and breast samples, the diagnosis of borderline phyllodes tumor metastases to the lung was made. It is the longest interval to our knowledge that the metastases occurred 12 years after primary phyllodes tumor.
Breast Neoplasms ; complications ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Middle Aged ; Phyllodes Tumor ; diagnosis ; secondary

SCID mouse-human leukemia model is an important and useful tool for study on proliferation, differentiation and modulation of leukemic cells. In this article, the establishment of the model, advances in research and application in studies of pathogenesis, cell biology, clinical diagnosis, therapy and assessment of prognosis of leukemia patients are reviewed. The limitations of the model are also commented.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Leukemia ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Research Design

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the survival status of HIV/AIDS patients aged above 50 years receiving antiviral therapy (ART) in Shanxi Province from 2011 to 2019, and to provide evidence for further improvement of antiviral therapy. Methods　Basic information and follow-up information of HIV/AIDS patients aged above 50 years who first received HIV/AIDS antiviral therapy in Shanxi Province from 2011 to 2019 were collected. Excel database was established and SPSS23.0 software was used for analysis. Retrospective cohort study was conducted. Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing survival time. Results　A total of 1 183 subjects were included, of which 172 died, including 84(48.84%) from other causes, 74(43.02%) AIDS-related death and 14 (8.14%) from accidents, suicides and undetermined deaths. Setting AIDS-related deaths as an outcome event, life table analysis showed that the cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 years after receiving ART were 96.61%, 93.59%, 90.35%, 87.57% and 83.44%, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional risk model analysis showed that the risk of death in patients aged 60-<70 years group and over 70 age group was 2.53 times (95%CI: 1.51-4.23) and 3.59 times (95%CI: 1.74-7.40) for patients aged the 50-<60 group , respectively. The risk of death in patients with baseline CD4+T lymphocyte (CD4) counts of ≥200/mm3, 50-<200 /mm3 was 0.22 times (95%CI: 0.12-0.41) and 0.37 times (95%CI: 0.21-0.67) for patients with CD4+T lymphocyte counts of <50/mm3. The risk of death in patients with opportunistic infections at baseline was 1.99 times (95%CI: 1.16-3.39) for patients without baseline opportunistic infections. Conclusions　The survival rate of HIV/AIDS patients aged above 50 who received antiviral therapy (ART) in Shanxi Province from 2011 to 2019 was relatively high. To further improve the quality of antiviral treatment in our province, the strategy of "early detection and early treatment" should be continued and improved in the future, and information collection of specific causes of non-AIDS-related deaths among this population should be further strengthened.

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate the vasodilatation activity of the coumarin-containing Angelica dahurica var. formosana and to further analyze active components in the herb extracts.

METHODS(1) The vasodilatation effects induced by different extracts (cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, 95 % ethanol and water) of Angelica dahurica var. formosana on mouse thoracic aorta pre-contracted with phenylephrine were investigated. (2) The amount of imperatorin and isoimperatorin in each extract was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. (3) The vasodilatation effects of imperatorin and isoimperatorin on mouse thoracic aorta were compared using the same in vitro method. (4) The vasodilatation mechanism of imperatorin in the mouse thoracic aorta pre-contracted with phenylephrine was studied using the methods of denuded endothelium, NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), and propranolol.

RESULTS(1) The cyclohexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Angelica dahurica var. formosana decreased the maximal response of phenylephrine-induced mouse thoracic aorta contraction dose-dependently, with 50% inhibiting concentration (IC(50)) values of 35.3+/-12.4 mg/L and 40.5+/-12.0 mg/L, respectively. The vasodilatation effect of imperatorin and isoimperatorin was dose-dependent. (2) The cyclohexane extract, showing the strongest vasodilatation effect, possessed the highest contents of imperatorin (4.09%) and isoimperatorin (0.27%, w/w). There was a correlation between the vasodilatation activity and the contents of imperatorin and isoimperatorin in the extracts. (3) The vasodilatation effect of imperatorin was about 4-fold stronger than that of isoimperatorin. (4) The vasodilatation effect of imperatorin was signifificantly attenuated to 24.88%+/-4.06% in the denuded endothelium group compared with the intact endothelium group. And 1 mmol/L L-NAME reduced the imperatorin-induced vasorelaxation by 32.18 %+/-11.29 %.

CONCLUSIONSThe principal effective component of Angelica dahurica var. Formosana was found to be imperatorin. Imperatorin-induced vasodilatation is at least partially regulated by nitric oxide, and has no correlation to beta-receptor.

Angelica ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Endothelium, Vascular ; physiology ; Furocoumarins ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide ; physiology ; Phenylephrine ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Propranolol ; pharmacology ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

Objective To analyze the spatial point pattern distribution characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Jingzhou city, Hubei province during the two seasons spring- summer and autumn-winter of 2017, to discuss its high incidence area and reason, and to provide basis for the resource allocation of public health. Methods The analytical data was collected from Infectious Disease Reporting Information System in China, and the spring-summer season was from March to August of 2017, while the autumn-winter was from the September of 2017 to the February of 2018. The Ripley's K-function and kernel density estimation were applied to analyze the spatial point pattern distribution and compare the distribution characteristics of spatial point pattern between the two seasons. Results In 2017, 133 cases of HFRS were reported in Jingzhou city, including the spring- summer and autumn-winter two pick incidences. The strongest aggregation distance was 17.77km in spring-summer season, and 14.40 km in autumn-winter season. The spatial gathering center was located in the north of Jianli County in spring-summer, and it moved to the south of Jiangling County and Shashi District in autumn-winter. Conclusions The key areas for the prevention and control of HFRS in Jingzhou City are Jiangling County, the southern part of Shashi District and the northern part of jianli county. The key groups are the residents of the urban-rural junction in the southern part of Shashi City, residents along the route of large-scale projects, and farmers engaged in agricultural planting or crayfish breeding in the gathering areas.

BACKGROUNDAlthough bronchoscopy has been widely performed in China, little has been known about its current state and development. In order to investigate the clinical application of bronchoscopy and make instructions for future education and development, the Chinese Society of Respiratory Diseases conducted postal surveys in both 2008 and 2010 in China.

METHODQuestionnaires were sent to 40 tertiary grade A hospitals in 2008 and 58 tertiary grade A hospitals in 2010 to investigate bronchoscopies performed in 2007 and 2009 respectively.

RESULTSThirty (75%) hospitals returned the completed questionnaires in 2008 and forty-one (71%) hospitals in 2010. All the respondents possessed flexible bronchoscopes. Fifty percent of the respondents had less than five in 2007, while more than 50% of the respondents had 5-9 bronchoscopes in 2009. All the respondents performed a radiograph or CT scan before bronchoscopy. Percentage of general anesthesia and no pre-medication before bronchoscopy increased, while atropine usage decreased in 2009 compared to 2007. During bronchoscopy, pulse oximetry was the most widely used monitoring method. Most respondents used the nasal route to perform routine bronchoscopy. After the procedure, they used sinks to wash and glutaraldehyde to disinfect the bronchoscopes. The total number of flexible bronchoscopies performed during 2007 was 37 874 and the average was 1262. Whereas in 2009, the total number was 60 178 and the average was 1468. Diagnostic bronchoscopy was more widely used than therapeutic bronchoscopy. The mortality rate was 0.076‰ in 2007 and 0.032‰ in 2009.

CONCLUSIONSThe two surveys, to some extent, reflected the current status and development of bronchoscopy in China. The results are worthy of future education and developing of new guidelines. Regular surveys and monitoring of bronchoscopies across China are needed.

Bronchoscopy ; methods ; utilization ; China ; Hospitals ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant Chinese women.

METHODSA nested case-control study was conducted. Clinical and biochemical data were analyzed for 200 subjects with GDM and 200 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

RESULTSThe median (interquartile range) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were 22.39 (17.67, 29.38) and 25.86 (19.09, 34.88) nmol/L in the GDM and NGT groups, respectively. Rates of 25OHD deficiency or insufficiency were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the NGT group. Subjects with 25OHD levels <25 nmol/L had a 1.8-fold higher risk of GDM compared with subjects with higher vitamin D levels. In the GDM group, serum 25OHD was independently associated with HbA1c and insulin resistance after adjusting for confounding factors. In the NGT group, serum 25OHD was independently associated with fasting plasma glucose and systolic blood pressure after adjusting for maternal age and other confounding factors.

CONCLUSION25OHD insufficiency is very common in Chinese women. Low 25OHD status may be associated with insulin resistance and act as a risk factor for GDM.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Diabetes, Gestational ; blood ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Vitamin D ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; blood ; epidemiology

Structural modifications were performed with natural product of oleanolic acid to search for novel anticancer drugs. Ten oleanolic acid derivatives were designed and obtained by the reaction of oxidation, acylation or hydrolyzation, etc. The cytotoxic activity of derivatives was evaluated against HeLa, HepG2 and BGC-823 cells in vitro by MTT assay, gefitinib and etoposide used as a positive control. The results showed that compound 5a was particularly active to inhibit HepG2 cells growth, and anti-tumor activity of compound 7 on HeLa cells was significantly stronger than oleanolic acid. They are worthy to be studied further.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; HeLa Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective:To investigate the clinical features of IgD multiple myeloma (MM) and the effect and prognosis of daratumumab-based combination therapy.Methods:The clinicopathological data of a IgD MM patient with disease progression and extramedullary infiltration treated with daratumumab in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University in December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The 74-year-old woman was diagnosed as IgD MM by bone marrow aspiration and immunofixation electrophoresis. The patient was given VD (bortezomib, dexamethasone), RD (lenalidomide, dexamethasone) and ID (ixazomib, dexamethasone) regimens. In June 2020, the patient developed multiple subcutaneous nodules, and she was assessed as progressive disease with extensive extramedullary infiltration. After treated with daratumumab-PAD (liposomal doxorubicin, bortezomib, dexamethasone) regimen, the patient's subcutaneous nodules were significantly reduced and partially disappeared, and the general condition was significantly improved. But the patient was in a cachexia state and finally died of the irregular treatment and disease progression.Conclusions:IgD MM has a low incidence and a short survival period, and there is no uniform standard treatment. The early application of daratumumab combined with proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, cytotoxic drugs and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may improve the overall survival of patients.

BACKGROUNDIt is widely recognized that the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is often difficult because of the overlap of characteristics between malignant and benign parathyroid tumors, especially at an early stage. Our study aimed to investigate the differential expression of Ki-67, galectin-3, fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene, and parafibromin in PC, parathyroid adenoma (PA), parathyroid hyperplasia (PH), and normal parathyroid (NP) tissues; then to assess these expression values for use in differential diagnosis of malignant and benign parathyroid tumors.

METHODSData of 15 cases with PC, 19 PAs, and 8 PHs were retrospectively analyzed for their clinical characteristics. The expression of Ki-67, galectin-3, FHIT, and parafibromin were detected via immunohistochemistry in the above-mentioned specimens and 6 NPs as control.

RESULTSComplete loss of parafibromin expression was seen in 9 of 15 (60%) carcinomas, and all normal parathyroid tissues and parathyroid benign tumors stained positive for parafibromin except for one (4%) adenoma. Galectin-3 staining was positive in 11 of 15 (73%) carcinomas, 5 of 19 (26%) adenomas, 1 of 8 (12%) hyperplasias, and 0 of 6 normal tissues. The Ki-67 proliferative index was high in 4 of 15 (27%) carcinomas, 1 of 19 (5%) adenomas, and none of the hyperplasia or normal tissues. FHIT expression did not differ appreciably among the tumor types. The combination of overexpression of galectin-3 or loss of parafibromin increased sensitivity for PC to 87%, while the specificity of both positive galectin-3 and positive Ki-67 could reach 100%.

CONCLUSIONSThese data suggested that loss of parafibromin and overexpression of galectin-3 and Ki-67 might help to distinguish parathyroid carcinoma from other parathyroid tumors. And the combination of two or three of these markers might produce better sensitivity and/or specificity for the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Galectin 3 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism