Purpose To investigate the association between the macular volume and thickness,as assessed by optical coherence tomography(OCT),with refraction state and axial length(AL)in children.Methods A total of 100 normal children whose right eyes were randomly selected were divided into five groups due to their refraction,comprising hyperopia,emmetropia,low myopia,moderate myopia,high myopia.The AL of the eyes was measured by IOL master measuring machine.Then the macular volume and thickness were measured bv OCT.Results Children with high myopia have smaller macular volume and thinner parafoveal retinal thickness(especially out-ring macular).The minimum thickness and average thickness of the fovea were not significantly different among the five groups.The macular volume ,total average macular thickness and quadrant-specific macular thickness(except the nasal inner quadrants)were positively associated with refraction and negatively associated with AL,while there were no correlation between minimum foveal thickness,the average foveal thickness and refraction or AL.Conclusions In Chinese children,increasing axial length was associated with reduced maeular volume and thickness(except the foveal region and the nasal inner quadrant).

ObjectiveTo observe the spinal cord pathological change and hindlimbs motor function of rats after decompression on chronic spinal cord injury.Methods 30 Wistar rats were divided randomly into conrol group ( n =5 ),compression group ( n =5 ) and decompression group ( n =20 ),then the decompression group was subdivided into 4 parts as 1 week,2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks after decompression.Decompression was made after 30 days of chronic spinal cord copression injury,rats'motor function was detected by inclined plate experiment,the histopathological change,Nissl body and neural cells apoptosis in different spinal cord sections were assessed by the stainings of HE,Nissl and TUNEL.ResultsCompared with control group,the behavior testing showed all rats in compression group presented with weakness of muscle power in their hindlimbs (P ＜ 0.01 ),but the hindlimbs motor functions recovered from the first week after decompression and the difference had statistical significance compared with the compression group(P＜ 0.01 ).Then the rats hindlimbs functions recovered gradually later on.The staining of HE,Nissl and TUNEL showed that the injured spinal cord section performed no improvement at the first 2 weeks after decompression,the neural apoptosis index(24.31 ± 4.73 )％ decreased until the forth week after decompression(P＜0.05).The spinal cord segments closed to the injured part recovered in early stage.At 1 week after decompression,lots of Nissl bodys were observed in spinal anterior horn,the neural apoptosis index in the 2 sections closed to the injured part were ( 15.21 ± 4.81 ) ％ and ( 16.21 ± 3.98 ) ％,which declined observably compared with compression group(P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionAfter decompression on chronic spinal cord injury,the recovery of rats'hindlimbs motor function in early stage is probably benefited by the functional compensation of the spinal cord segments closed to the injured section.

Objective To investigate the intermediary effect of depression between housebound and cognition in community-dwelling older adults and to provide intervention for the improvement of the life quality.Methods A total of 720 senior adults were selected to fill out demographic questionnaire,including Rasch-Derived Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-R),housebound scale and the minimental state examination (MMES).Results The depression score of the elderly in community was (3.95±4.12),housebound score was (4.26±1.23),cognition score was (21.52±4.04) and the incidence rate of the cognitive disorder was 37.1%.Cognition was significantly negatively related to housebound and depression (r=-0.409,P<0.01;r=-0.485,P<0.01).Housebound was significantly positively related to depression (r=0.555,P<0.01).The community elderly age,sex,marital status,degree of education,self-assessment of health,living space,depression and the housebound could be used to predict the cognitive function,and all of them could explain the variance of cognitive function of 50.8%(P<0.05).Housebound had a direct effect of-0.02 on cognitive function(P>0.05).The indirect effect of housebound on cognitive function through depressive mood was-0.45(P<0.05).Conclusions The elderly housebound has an intermediary effect on the cognitive function through the depression.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the injury stress responses caused by ischemia reperfusion and its effects on the salivary secretory function of rat submandibular glands.

METHODSAn in situ ischemia reperfusion experimental model of rat submandibular glands was developed. The rat submandibular glands were subjected to 90 min of ischemia without denervation followed by reperfusion for 1, 12, 24, and 72 h. Salivary secretion, histological changes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cellular apoptosis of the involved submandibular glands were detected after reperfusion.

RESULTSThe secretory function of the glands decreased at 1 and 12 h, and the saliva secretion gradually had the same value as that of the control sample 72 h after reperfusion. Increasing inflammatory cells infiltration, cellular atrophy, and tissue edema were observed especially after reperfusion for 12 h. The level of ROS and the number of apoptotic cells exhibited the same tendency, and higher ROS levels and more apoptosis cells 1 and 12 h after reperfusion were observed.

CONCLUSIONOur study suggests that ischemia reperfusion can cause a series of injury stress responses in submandibular glands, which might have an important function in the early phase dysfunction of transplanted submandibular glands.

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of Nusap1 in hepatical carcinoma. Methods:The expression of Nusap1 protein in 61 specimens of hepatical carcinoma was examined by immunohistochemistry. Based on the levels of Nusap1 expression, the 61 specimens were divided into a high Nusap1 expression group and a low Nusap1 expression group. The correlation between Nusap1 expression with clinicopathologic features and prognosis of hepatical carcinoma was analyzed. Results:TherateofhighNusap1expressionwas54.1%inhepaticalcarcinoma.TherateofhighNusap1 expression was 21.3%in noncarcinoma, with signiifcant difference between the 2 groups (P<0.01).Nusap1 overexpression had signiifcant correlation with histological differentiation, tumor size, liver cirrhosis,lymphaticmetastasis,tumorthrombiandearlyrecurrence(P<0.05),butnotwithsex,age,AFP level,tumornumber,TNMclassificationandtumorencapsulation(P>0.05).Survivalanalysissuggested thatthe6monthand12monthnoncarcinomasurvivalratewassignificantlylowerinthehighNusap1 expression group [33.3%(11/33), 17.9%(5/33)] than that in the low Nusap1 expression group [89.3%(25/28), 53.6%(15/28);P<0.005]. Conclusion:Nusap1 is overexpressed in hepatical carcinoma and is a valuable prognostic factor for hepatical carcinoma.

Objective To determine the incidence, clinical manifestation and risk factors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes (IRIS) in highly active antirctroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV/AIDS patients. Methods Two hundred and twelve HIV/AIDS patients received HAART, and were followed up for 6 months. The incidence time and disease spectrum of IRIS were observed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for IRIS. Results Among 212 patients, there were 59 (27.8%) experienced an IRIS event during the first 6 months of HAART, 2 of which died (2/59,3.39% ). Median time of IRIS onset was 21 days form HAART initiation. The disease spectrum included tuberculosis, herpes virus infections, pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, cryptococcal meningitis and penicillium marneffei infection. Risk factors of IRIS included baseline infections ( OR = 1. 655, P =0.010),fever during HAART ( OR = 2. 344, P= 0.006), and baseline CD4 + count ( OR = 1. 556, P = 0. 034).Conclusions IRIS usually occurred within the first month from HAART initiation, and tuberculosis and herpes virus infection are most common. The occurrence of IRIS is associated with the antigens burden and the decreased baseline CD4 + count.

Objective To evaluate the capabilities of disc diffusion and Vitek2-compact GN13 methods for testing antimicrobial susceptibility of screening ESBLs ( extended-spectrumβ-lactamase) in En-terobacteriaceae clinical isolates.Methods A total of 93 Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated from pa-tients with intra-abdominal infections in 21 hospitals during 2011 to 2012.The in vitro minimum inhibition concentration ( MIC ) values of ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, ertapenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, imipenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were determined by disc diffu-sion, Vitek2-compact GN13 and broth microdilution methods, respectively.Categorical agreement ( CA ) rates of disc diffusion and Vitek2-compact GN13 methods were determined by using broth microdilution meth-od as the reference method.The genes encoding ESBLs were screened in Escherichia coli (E.coli), Kleb-siella pneumoniae (K.pneumonia), Klebsiella oxytoca (K.oxytoca) and Proteus mirabilis (P.mirabilis) strains by using PCR analysis and gene sequencing.Disc diffusion and Vitek2-compact GN13 methods were used for the phenotypic confirmatory test of ESBLs and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the two tests were evaluated.Results The CA values of disc diffusion and Vitek2-compact GN13 methods for the 10 antibiotics were all >90% as compared with broth microdilution method.The major error (ME) rate for ertapenem was 3.2%and the very major error (VME) rates for am- picillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime and cefepime tests were all 2.2% by using Vitek2-compact GN13 method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of disc diffusion and Vitek2-compact GN13 methods in the phenotypic confirmatory test of ESBLs were 96.7%(29/30), 100%(20/20), 100%(30/30) and 95%(19/20), respectively.Conclusion Both disc diffusion and Vitek2-compact GN13 methods could be used for testing the antimicrobial susceptibility and the detection of ESBLs in Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates with the advantage of accuarcy.Attention should be paid to the posibil-lity of oaurance of ME and VME when testing ertapenem, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime and cefepime by using Vitek2-compact GN13 method.

20 first mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 2 groups(n =10).The teeth in experimental group were treated by fi-ber main post in combination with auxiliary pile,in control group by single fiber main post,and then were restored by metal crown.They were fixed in universal testing machine.The fracture load(N)of experimental and control group was (846.50 ±40.33)and (437.90 ±41.15) respectively(P <0.01).

Objective To detect antibodies against chlamydial plasmid-encoded protein 3 (Pgp3),outer membrane complex protein B C-terminal peptide (OmcBc),CT841 protein and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) in the sera of patients with urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection.Methods Recombinant plasmids encoding the aforementioned four proteins and an empty plasmid were transformed into Escherichia coli separately followed by 2-hour isopropyl-1-thio-β-galactopyranoside (IPTG) induction and cell lysis.The expressed proteins were purified with glutathione magnetic beads and then used to coat 96-well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates precoated by glutathione.Serum samples were collected from 20 patients with and 20 clients without urogenital C.trachomatis infection attending the sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital.ELISA with the expressed protein-coated plates was adopted to detect antibodies against these proteins in the serum samples.Results Of the 20 serum samples from C.trachomatis-infected patients,14 (70％)had anti-Pgp3 antibody,9 (45％) anti-OmcBc antibody,8 (40％) anti-CT841 antibody,and 5 (25％) anti-HSP60 antibody.Meanwhile,no antibody was detected in any of the serum samples from uninfected clients except for one with anti-HSP60 antibody.Conclusions Of the four studied C.trachomatis proteins,Pgp3 appears to have the strongest antigenicity with the highest antibody-detection rate,while HSP60 exhibits the weakest antigenicity with the lowest antibody-detection rate.