Syncope and epilepsy are common pediatric clinical symptoms and causes of paroxysmal loss of consciousness.They can be manifested as a sudden attack,transient and reversible loss of consciousness,easily leading to misdiagnosis in clinics.The etiology and pathogenesis of syncope and epilepsy are completely different,and the principle of treatment is also different.Therefore,in clinics,making an early diagnosis and differential diagnosis between syncope and epilepsy has an important significance to improve the treatment and the prognosis of the patients.

Arthropathy, Neurogenic ; Child ; Coxa Vara ; Hand Deformities, Congenital ; Humans ; Male ; Synovitis

Objective To evaluate the correlation of visual acuity measured using two different types of eye chart in children with amblyopia.Methods 119 cases (213 eyes) amblyopia patients were selected,including 40 cases (80 eyes) of refractive amblyopia,41 cases (58 eyes) of anisometropia amblyopia,and 38 cases (75 eyes) of strabismus amblyopia were selected.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were determined using standard visual chart and visual noise dual chart and the correlation between the two visual acuity result were explored using Spearman's correlation analysis.Results The visual acuity in refractive amblyopia,anisometropia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia determined by standard visual chart was statistically correlated with that determined by visual noise dual visual acuity chart.Conclusions The visual acuity measured by standard vision chart showed satisfactory linear relationship with that measured by visual acuity chart double among three types of amblyopia,however,the strength of correlation coefficient between different types of amblyopia were different:correlation coefficient in anisometropic amblyopia was the highest,and the coefficient in refractive amblyopia was the lowest.

Objective:To explore bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibition in the regulation of vascular endothelial cells activation and early atherosclerosis formation and its potential molecular mechanisms.Methods:1.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and mouse heart endothelial cells (MHEC) were isolated,and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was used to activate in flammatory genes transcription in the presence or absence of JQ1,a specific BET inhibitor.The groups are as follows:(1)Normal control group;(2) TNFα(25 ng/mL)group;(3) TNFα+JQ 1 group.The gene mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines were measured by both real-time PCR and flow cytometry (FCM).2.LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice were randomly divided into 2 groups:JQ1 group (n=8,JQlintraperitoneal,50 mg/kg,daily) and control group (n=8,DMSO,daily).After 8 weeks feeding with high cholesterol diet,vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in aortic arch was measured by immunohistochemistry.The activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling was monitored by 5XκB luciferase reporter assay in HEK293.Results:TNFα dramatically induced the mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory genes and JQ 1 significantly downregulated the induction of them (E-selectin,P-selectin,VCAM-1,IL-8)(P＜0.01).Immunohistochemistry detection indicated that JQ1 significantly downregulated the expression of VCAM-1 in aortic arch induced by 8 weeks high cholesterol diet feeding comparing to control group.In addition,BET bromodomain inhibition downregulated TNFα upregulated NF-κB transcriptional activity (P＜0.01).Conclusions:Our study demonstrated that BET bromodomain was involved in NF-κB mediated inflammatory genes expression;inhibition of BET bromodomain suppressed vascular endothelial activation in vitro,and attenuated early atherogenesis in vivo.

Background Lowing intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only effective treating method in glaucoma.Making sure the change of optic disc parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients after IOP reduced can provide objective evidence for evaluating the effect of lowing-IOP on the function of optic nerve.Objective The present study was to evaluate the change of optic disc parameters and RNFLT in POAG patients after trabeculectomy,and analyze the affecting factors of image parameters.Methods A serial case-observational study was adapted.Forty eyes of 39 patients with POAG underwent trabeculectomy were recruited in the study.IOP was examined and perimetry was performed before operation and 2 weeks,1 month,3 months,6 months and 1 year after surgery.Optical parameters and RNFLT were measured using Heidelberg retina tomography (HRT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in above-mentioned time points.The correlations between lowing-IOP range or disease severity and optical disc parameters or mean RNFLT (mRNFLT) were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation.Results Mean IOP of the 40 eyes was (32.77±8.64) mmHg before operation and (12.45 ±3.65) mmHg,(13.05±3.90) mmHg,(13.42± 3.33) mmHg,(14.22± 2.60) mmHg and (14.74±2.46)mmHg 2 weeks,1 month,3 months,6 months and 1 year after operation,with a significant difference among various time points (F=13.73,P =0.00).However,no significant difference was seen in the mean defect of perimetry among the different time points (F=1.02,P=0.41).The cup area (CA),cup/disc area ratio (C/DAR),cup volume (CV),mean cup depth (MCD),cup shape measurement (CSM),horizontal C/D,vertical C/D,rim area (RA),rim/disc area ratio (R/DAR),height variation contour (HVC),rim volume (RV),mRNFLT,RNFL cross sectional area (RNFLA) were gradually improved after operation in comparison with before operation.One year after operation,RV,CSM,mRNFLT,RNFLA were still increased,but vertical C/D was reduced after operation than that of before (P＜0.05).No significant differences were found in the whole mRNFLT and superior quadrant mRNFLT,inferior quadrant mRNFLT,nasal quadrant mRNFLT and temporal quadrant mRNFLT among before and after operation (F=1.63,P=0.16; F=0.51,P=0.77; F=1.44,P=0.20;F=1.02,P=0.32; F=1.31,P=0.30).Positive correlations were found between lowing-IOP range and the improvement of RV,CSM,vertical C/D (r =0.45,P =0.02; r=0.41,P=0.04; r=0.58,P=0.00),and negative correlations were seen between absolute value of MD and the improvement of RV,CSM 1 year after operation (r=-0.43,P=0.03; r=-0.62,P=0.00).Conclusions Reduction of IOP after trabeculectomy results in the reversal of optic disc parameters.The improvement of the optic disc parameters may be a protective factor for progression of glaucomatous optical nerve damage.

Apoptosis of cancer cells between the gastric and intestinal-type human gastric carcinoma were compared in terms of the expression of oncogene MDM2 and CD68, the histological types, the infiltration depth, and lymph node metastasis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells. Histochemical method(AB-PAS) was applied to stain mucus that is neutral or acidic in nature. Immunohistochemical method (SABC) was used to detect expression of MDM2 and CD6. The results showed that the mean apoptosis index (AI) of total 48 cases was 8.60+/-2.60. AI in the 30 intestinal type cases was significantly higher than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.67, P<0.01). In the 30 intestinal type cases, the spontaneous apoptosis index of MDM2 negative cases was significantly higher than that of the positive cases (t=7.16, P<0.01). And in the 18 gastric type cases, the same result was found. (t=11.39, P<0.01). The MDM2 positive ratio in gastric type cases was higher than that in intestinal type cases (chi2=4.68, P<0.05). There is no significant difference in AI between cases of lymph node metastasis and non-metastasis cases in intestinal type cases (t=0.26, P>0.05). But in the gastric type cases, a significant difference existed (t=5.87, P<0.01). A significant difference in lymph node metastasis ratio was found between the two gastric carcinoma types (chi2=4.48, P<0.05). The CD68 expression ratio in the 30 intestinal type cases was much lower than that in the 18 gastric type cases (t=4.29, P<0.01). AI of 25 MDM2-positive cases was much lower than that of the 23 MDM2-negative cases (t=7.80, P<0.01). CD68 positive ratio in the 25 MDM2-negative cases was much lower than that in the 23 negative cases. The difference was statistically significant (t=10.90, P<0.01). Except for few cells scattering within the cancer nest, most CD68 positive cells infiltrated in the interstitium around the cancer tissue. In the high-AI cases, CD68-positive cells increased. And the CD68-positive cells decreased in low-AI cases (r=0.96, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that among the control variables, only AI was a statistically significant factor in the regression model (chi2=9.64, P<0.01). We concluded that (1) the spontaneous apoptosis index in gastric-type cases of gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in intestinal type cases; (2) AI in the two types was influenced by the expression of MDM2 and lymph node metastasis, but no visible connection was found between AI and the infiltration depth or histological types; (3) in the intestinal type cases, AI and the CD68-positive cells increased in MDM2-negative cases.

AIM: To compare the components of crude and processed Dryopteris Crassirhizoma Nakai by different kinds of cutting and carbonizing. METHODS: UV-spectrometry was utilized to analyze the yield and extract content. RESULTS: Dryopteris Crassirhizoma Nakai after being curshed has the maximum in the yield, the total phenol of carbonized products, the water extract and alcohol extract. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in intrinsic quality among various processed products of Dryopteris Crassirhizoma nakai, among them the crushed one has the highest quality, which conforms to China pharmacopeia 2000 VolⅠ.

0.05).Conclusions The expression of myostatin gene mRNA is increased in myotonic dystrophy.Up-regulated expression of myostatin in skeletal muscle might be associated with the mechanism of myotonic dystrophy.

Professional assessment in Chinese Higher Education has made great progress in three stages: the sporadic practice, trial and promotion. The authors present several comments on the characteristics and the professional assessment standards of clinical pharmacy in China, and focus on the scientific system of professional assessment.

· AIM: To summarize the clinical features of Chinese primary congenital glaucoma and to investigate the discrepancies of the clinical features between the Chinese and Indian patients.congenital glaucoma patients were reviewed. The clinical features were summarized as several quantifiable clinical parameters and the severity of the disease was evaluated. Both the quantified clinical features and severity were statistically compared with those of the Indian patients, which were cited from the previous published articles.included in the study. In Chinese patients, sex ratio (male to female )was about 2:1, family history was presented in 3 patients (7.5%) and consanguinity was found in one patient (2.5%). The main symptoms and signs observed in Chinese patients spanned a wide spectrum of manifestations. The most frequent signs noted on the initial examination were enlarged eyeball (42.5%) and decreased visual acuity (35.0%). Compared with Indian patients, Chinese patients had a later onset, a delayed diagnosis, more severe corneal changes and more severe optic nerve damages (P＜0.01). The combined tabeculectomy and trabeculotomy operation was preferred by both Chinese and Indian doctors whereas a higher proportion of Indian patients received the combined operation (P＜0.01). The proportions of the severity grade were different between Chinese and Indian patients. Most Chinese patients were in the severe grade while most Indian patients were in the very severe grade (P＜0.01).patients were sporadic and non-consanguineous.Compared with Indian patients, Chinese patients had a relative later onset, a delayed diagnosis and treatment.More attempts are needed in Chinese PCG prevention and treatment.