Embryonic stem cells(ESCs),a kind of totipotent cells,can differentiate into cell type of the 3 germ layers.Adult stem cells(ASCs) are pluripotent stem cells,which can self-renew and transdifferentiate into a completely different tissue derivative cells.Thus ASCs can transdifferentiate into germ cells in a certain condition.Great progress has made for the study on human ESCs.However,use of ESCs faces the immunological rejection,oncogenicity and ethical controversies problems,and these limit their uses for treatment of human diseases.On contrast,ASCs can advoid these problems,and they may have a better perspective.Germ cells as carriers of genetic materials,are worth of studying.If male germ cells can be derived from ASCs,this will open the possibilities for the use of these cells for male infertillty in clinical application.In this review,we will introduce the progress on derivation of male germ cells from ESCs and ASCs.

The success of yielding induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human somatic cells demonstrates the important role of reprogramming in the formation of stem/progenitor cells and initiates the exploration of the origin of leukemia stem cells. In our previous work, we have found two types of leukemia, bona fide leukemia and non-bona fide leukemia. Different leukemias originate from different leukemia stem/progenitor cells which are critical to the genesis and evolution of leukemia. Bona fide leukemia and non-bona fide leukemia originate from leukemia stem cells and progenitor cells, respectively. Recent research suggests that different types of leukemia are influenced by the reprogramming state of their origin cells.
Cell Differentiation ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Stem Cells

Immune and hemopoiesis are one of basic project of experimental hematology. Immune function is a essential activity of white blood cells. It was puzzled for the diversity and complexity of immune response. Polarized immune response of immune cells was discovered 30 years ago, which facilitates the study on differentiation of lymphocyte. Recently recognition on multifunctional polarized immune response of lymphocyte and monocyte/macrophage would promote to elucidate the regulatory network of immune cells, diversity and complexity of immune response as well as the study on hemopoiesis. In this paper the approach of multifunctional polarized immune response of lymphocyte, monocyte/macrophage and dendritic cells were reviewed, and their role, especially in cytokine storm and tumor pro-inflammation condition were discussed.
Cell Differentiation ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Humans ; Monocytes ; cytology ; immunology

Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; secondary ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroblastoma ; pathology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; therapy ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult

RNA-seq can help us quickly obtain the whole transcriptome sequences of species under different conditions. Many Unigenes that are assembled by raw reads always do not contain complete open reading frame (ORF). In addition, it also has some redundancy in transcriptome library. Some Unigenes in the library, although belong to one transcript, cannot be assembled without overlapping. We found five incomplete Unigenes annotated ammonium transporter (AMT) from Salicornia europaea transcriptome, in which two Unigenes (Uni4 and Uni5) had identical expression patterns across four transcriptomes. The two Unigenes may come from one transcript. Analyzing the Unigene position of transcript by NCBI blastx, we found that Uni4 and Uni5 respectively located in 5' end and 3' end compared with the reference transcript, and an unknown gap of 120 bp may exist in a hypothetic transcript to which Uni4 and Uni5 both belong. To verify the hypothesis, single forward primer and single reverse primers were respectively designed on Uni4 and Uni5, and a fragment with about 800 bp was generated by PCR. Then it was sequenced and aligned with Uni4 and Uni5. Finally, we assembled a sequence with 1 667 bp, which contains a complete ORF (1 482 bp, coding 494 amino acids). It belongs to amt1 subfamily and was named Seamt1 via the phylogenetic analysis. It was pointed by bioinformatics tools that SeAMT1 protein conformed to the AMT characteristics of other species. This work clustered expression pattern to explore the Unigenes of one transcript, and the feasibility of this method was validated through the other two groups of Unigenes. The handy method will benefit extension and assembling of Unigene in transcriptome, it also helps achieve the complete ORF and gene function.
Ammonium Compounds ; Chenopodiaceae ; genetics ; Computational Biology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Plant ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Transcriptome

Scientific research output of clinical trials in Chinese medicine (CM) is insufficient, but international papers hold an important scientific position in China. Based on the current situation, we analyzed the present publication situation of international medical papers in our country, and the feasibility and urgency of publishing international papers on clinical trials of CM. Finally, we proposed to use the PDCA (plan-do-check-action) cycle method to improve the quality control and management of CM clinical trials. Moreover, by combining our experience in relevant scientific research launched at our department, we expounded strategies for improving the quantity and quality of international papers in CM.
Bibliometrics ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To evaluate the performance of ACL TOP coagulation analyzer system in the laboratory of children′s hospital. Methods According to the documents of CLSI, the analytic characteristics including precision, accuracy, linearity, interference and carryover rate were examined; specimens from healthy children were collected and assayed to determine the reference range of Prothrombin Time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Thrombin Time (TT), Fibrinogen (FIB) and D-Dimer (D-D) from children on ACL TOP. Results The within-run and between-day coefficient of variability (CV) were within an acceptable range; The accuracy deviation of PT , APTT and FIB were less than 1/2 allowed total errors; The results of determination of FIB linearity test were correlated with the results of calculation: Y = 1.002 1X-0.122, R2 =0.998 2; The extent of influence of low to middle grade of jaundice , fat and hemolysis on each test were all less than 1/2 allowed total error; The carryover rates were lower than 1.81% and within an acceptable range; The reference range of PT, APTT, TT and FIB were PT (9.1-13.1 s), APTT (24.9-42.1 s), TT (12.6-21.1 s), FIB (1.924-4.011 g/L). Conclusion The ACL TOP coagulation analyzer has good repeatability, stability, linearity and capability of anti-interference and anti-carryover.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the trend of costs of various drugs consumed in hospitals of Guangzhou METHODS:The data were derived from the Hospital Purchasing of Drug Information System in Guangzhou from 1997 to 2000 The expense of each drug was calculated at the price of that year RESULTS:The annual increasing rates of drug expenses in 1998,1999 and 2000 were 17 01%,24 49%,23 11% respectively CONCLUSION:It is a matter of great urgency to rationally use drugs,to eliminate the waste of resources and to lighten the patients'burden