Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Gastrectomy ; Hodgkin Disease ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To explore the effects of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on cell multiplication and apoptosis at exposure coverage and marginal zone and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and apoptosis of subcutaneous neurogliocytoma in nude mice. Methods Eighteen nude mice bearing subcutaneous human neurogliocytoma were consecutively ablated in 20s by an extracorporeal HIFU with 9.7MHz transducer (the focal length of 4.5mm and focal intensity 2500W/cm2). The 18 nude mice were randomly di?vided into 7 d group,14 d group and 30 d group according to sacrifice date. Immunohistochemical method, TdT-mediat?ed dUTP nick end labeling method were used to examine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and prolifer?ating cell nuclear antigen and apoptosis at exposure coverage, marginal zone and normal zone, respectively. Results The expression of VEGF and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were evident at exposure coverage, marginal zone and normal zone in 7, 14 and 30 days after ablation. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and apoptosis were absent at exposure coverage in 7,14 and 30 days after ablation. The percentage of VEGF expression was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (23.79%± 3.11% vs. 46.16%± 2.43%) in 7 d after ablation (F=110.03,P<0.05). The percentage of VEGF expression was also lower (10.94%±3.95%) in exposure coverage than in normal zone (46.16%±2.43%) in 7 d af?ter ablation (F=272.80,P<0.05). The percentage of VEGF expression was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (17.17%±2.89%vs. 43.47%±3.77%) in 14 d after ablation (F=152.05,P<0.05). The percentage of VEGF expression was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (9.27%± 2.08%vs. 44.58%± 3.34%) in 30 d after ablation (F=274.1,P<0.05 2). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index(PCNA LI) was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone ((33.04%±4.31%vs. 65.15%±3.85%) in 7 d after ablation (F=242.46, P<0.05). The PCNA LI was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (21.05%± 1.96%vs. 62.99%± 3.34%) in 14 d after ablation (F=413.52, P<0.05). The PCNA LI was lower in marginal zone than in normal zone (6.36%± 0.51% vs. 62.07%± 18.07%) in 30 d after ablation, (F=729.59, P<0.05) .The apoptotic index (AI) was higher in marginal zone than in normal zone (26.10%±4.54%vs. 1.43%±0.35%) in 7 d after ablation, (F=216.22, P<0.05). The apoptotic index(AI) was higher in marginal zone than in normal zone (65.70%± 1.14% vs. 1.82%± 0.31%) in 14d after ablation (F=1448.64, P<0.05). The apoptotic index (AI) was higher in marginal zone than in normal zone (82.02%± 3.98% vs. 2.52%± 0.29%) in 30d after ablation (F=2244.33, P<0.05). Conclusion The present study demonstrates that an extracorporeal HIFU with 9.7MHz transducer (the focal length of 4.5mm and fo?cal intensity 2500W/cm2) can completely ablate neurogliocytoma at exposure coverage and inhibit the proliferation of neurogliocytoma at marginal zone. Thus, HIFU may be a new and selective treatment for neurogliocytoma.

Animals ; China ; Hantavirus Infections ; veterinary ; Rodent Diseases ; virology

Objective To study image-guided hypofractionated radiotherapy for thoracic and abdominal tumors,and to determine the margins extended from internal target volume(ITV) to planning target volume(PTV). Methods Twenty-four patients who received image-guided hypofractionated radiotherapy for thoracic and abdominal tumors were included in this study. X-ray cone beam CT was regularly performed before the treatment. The shift and Rotation in right-left ( R-L), superior-inferior(S-I) and anterior-posterior (A-P) directions were recorded and analyzed. The shift margin from ITV to PTV was calculated with the equation,margin =2'mean+0.7'standard deviation. Results Before online correction,the shift errors in R-L,S-I and A-P directions were [2.1±2.0] mm, [3.9±3.2] mm and [2.9±2.8] mm,and the corresponding margins were 5.6 mm, 10.2 mm and 7.7 mm. After the correction the shift errors were [0.8±0.7] mm, [0.9±0.7] mm and [0.9±0.7] mm, and the margins were 2.1 mm,2.3 mm and 2.3 mm. The set-up error was markedly decreased after the correction. There was no change in rotation after the correction. Conclusions The positioning error decreases after the correction in IGRT,and the precision of radiotherapy is improved. Measuring set-up error in radiotherapy can provide institution-specific margins for PTV designing.

AIM: To study the causes of pyogenic granuloma after hydroxyapatite(HA) orbital implants.METHODS: HA orbital implants (250 cases) in our hospital (68 pegged implants) were reviewed.All patients were followed up from 18 months to 10 years. Implants were removed after medical therapy which was proved to be ineffective.RESULTS: Ten of 250 cases of HA orbital implants developed pyogenic granuloma. Pyogenic granuloma occurred in 1 unpegged implants patient and 9 patients after pegging and drilling of HA implantation over 4～7 years. The pyogenic granulomas were not controlled by medical therapy effectively. Implants were removed in 9 cases except 1 case denied removing and continued medical therapy.CONCLUSION: Pyogenic granuloma was serious complication that occurred after HA orbital implants. Partial vascularization, implant exposure, xenogenic sclera implant, pegging and drilling of HA implantation are risk factors that affect the development of pyogenic granuloma.Pyogenic granuloma hasn't relation with implanted peg material. Pyogenic granuloma denotes the potential implant infection, and all implants should be removed finally.

Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare malignant tumor. Although multiple therapeutic modalities including surgery, radio-therapy, or chemotherapy could be used in patients with olfactory neuroblastoma, no standardized treatment has been achieved. This re-view introduces a case of adult olfactory neuroblastoma treated by a multiple disciplinary team in Tianjin Medical University Cancer In-stitute and Hospital. This review also aims to explore a complete set of diagnostic and treatment practices for the benefit of future pa-tients.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological factors predictive of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in undifferentiat-ed early gastric cancer (EGC) and to expand the possibility of endoscopic therapy for treating undifferentiated EGC.Methods:The re-searchers collected the data of 90 undifferentiated EGC patients who had undergone surgery at the Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, China. The relationship between LNM and clinicopathological factors was retrospectively analyzed using univariate and multivariate lo-gistic regression analyses. Results:Univariate analysis showed that tumor size, lymphatic vessel involvement (LVI), and cancer inva-sion depth were the significant and independent risk factors for LNM. The LNM rate was 57.1%in patients with the three clinicopatho-logical risk factors. LNM was not found in patients without the three risk factors. Conclusion:Tumor size, LVI, and invasion depth are independently associated with the presence of LNM in undifferentiated EGC. Endoscopic therapy can be used to treat the patients with-out risk factors.

[Objective] This prospective study was conducted to assess the influence of overnight orthokeratology (OK) on low,middle and high myopia in southern Chinese teenagers.[Methods] Fifty-four subjects (107 eyes,age 11.65 ± 2.44 years,mean±SD)who matched the inclusion criteria for OK were enrolled in the study.The subjects were divided into three groups according to the different refraction baseline (low myopia group:0.75 ～ 3.00 D,51 eyes;middle myopia group:3.25 ～ 5.00 D,36 eyes;high myopia group:5.25 ～ 9.00 D,20 eyes).Refraction,central corneal thickness,corneal keratometry,anterior chamber depth and axial length (AL) were measured at baseline and after 1 years using ocular biometry.The changes were evaluated and compared among the groups.Results were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.[Results] Fifty-four subjects (total 107 eyes) completed the 1-year follow-up examinations.At baseline,the spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) was-2.15 D ± 0.63 D,-4.20 D ± 0.54 D,and-6.63 D ±1.18 D in three groups.The axial length was (24.50-± 0.66) mm,(25.16-± 0.65) mm,and (26.35 ± 0.87) mm in the three groups,respectively.There were no significant differences among the groups in initial central corneal thickness,anterior chamber depth,central,flat and steep kerotometry.The increase in axial length during the 1-year study period was (0.22 ± 0.27) mm,(0.09-± 0.22)mm and (0.02-± 0.22) mm in three groups,respectively,and the difference was significant between low myopia group and middle myopia group (P =0.04),low myopia group and high myopia group (P =0.008),whereas no significant difference was found between middle myopia group and high myopia group (P =0.35).Spherical equivalence decreased dramatically in three groups after one year (all P ＜ 0.0001).And the difference was significant between low myopia group and middle myopia group (P ＜ 0.0001),low myopia group and high myopia group (P ＜ 0.0001).Central,flat and steep kerotometry after one year became flatten in all group (all P ＜0.0001).There were no significant differences in the change of central corneal thickness,anterior chamber depth and corneal diameter.[Conclusions] OK lens is more effective in middle and high myopia control than in the low myopia control.The change in corneal keratometry may be one of the main factors influencing the OK treatment effect.

Objective To assess the feasibility and outcomes of fractionated stereotactice radiation therapy(FSRT) for brain metastases more than 3 cm in diameter. Methods From September 1996 to July 2006,47 patients(34 male and 13 female)with brain metastases larger than 3 cm were treated with FSRT. The median age was 58(range,31-87) years old. Pathologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma in 19 patients, squamacarcinoma in 7, small cell carcinoma in 7, adeno-squamacarcinoma in 3, melanoma in 2, poor differen-tiated carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma each in 1, and unknown in 6. FSRT was delivered as initial treatment for 26 patients, and as salvage therapy for 21. The largest diameter of brain me-tastases was 3.1-6.0 cm(median, 3.8 cm). Planning target volume were 2.5-33.8 cm3(median, 9.4 cm3). The median dose of FSRT was 30(range,16-57)Gy in 5(range,2 - 11) fractions. The treatment for primary tumor was surgery in 23 patients, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy in 22, and none in 2. Results The last follow up was in April 2008. All patients were followed up and 33 had follow up more than 5 years. The 1-,2- and 5-year local control rate was 49%, 44% and 44%, respectively. The median survival time was 11 months(range,0.5-88.0 months, 95% CI=8.1-13.8 months). The corresponding overall survival rate was 40%, 17% and 6%, respectively. There were 46 patients died by the last follow up,including 21 died from brain metastases, 17 died from extracranial progression, and 8 died from other causes. Conclusion FSRT is safe and beneficial for selected patients with brain metastases larger than 3 cm.

Objective:To investigate the factors affecting the intrahepatic infection after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(PRFA)for liver cancers.Methods:The clinical data of 1567 patients with intrahepatic infection after PRFA for liver cancers(from Dec.1999 to Oct.2007)were retrospectively summarized.Logistic regression method was used to analyze the possible affecting factors.Results:Twenty-eight person-times of intrahepatic infection occurred in 1635 patients who received a total of 2035 times of PRFA.with the infecting rate being 1.38%.The intrahepatic infection-related mortality was 0.13% (2/1567).Univariate analysis indicated that the intrahepatic infection was significantly correlated with metastatic liver cancer, pattern of past abdominal operation,tumor location,tumor size and tumor numbers(P