Objective: To investigate the effect of Qihuang herbal warm bag on primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: Thirty-two patients with primary dysmenorrhea were selected as subjects and treated by compression with the herbal warm bag for two months. The curative effect was evaluated, and prostaglandin F2a(PGF2a) and β-endorphin(β-EP) were measured before and after treatment. Results: The herbal warm bag had positive effects on dysmenorrhea at different degrees and could decrease the contents of blood PGF2a and β-EP. Conclusion: The herbal warm bag is quite effective for primary dysmenorrhea possibly by decreasing serum PGF2a and increasing serum β-EP.

-4.88) and relative insulin resistant group (IAI≤-4.88), and 42 healthy normal persons were selected as control. Results The frequency of Trp 64Arg mutation of ? 3 AR gene was higher in the resistant group than that in the sensitive group (28.0% vs 15.7%, P

Objective To study clinicopathologic significance of eosinophils in human nasal polyps and the effect of corticosteroids.Methods 90 cases of nasal polyps were divided into two group randomly:corticosteriods group(n=30) with topical application of budesonide(BUD,400?g/d) for 14 days before endoscopic polypectomy,and control group(n=60) without BUD before surgery.All cases were stained with HE.Results Eosinophils showed higer in the group of nasal polyps than in the group of norm al inferior turbinate(P

AIM: To investigate the association between cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and VEGF intervention as well as the inhibitory effect of Meloxicam on the cultured human pterygium fibroblasts (HPF).METHODS: Expression of COX-2 was measured by immunohistochemistry in the cultured HPF from twenty excised pterygium cases. Expression of COX-2 in HPF was measured by Western blot following the treatment of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at the different concentrations. In addition, the effect of Meloxicam on proliferation of HPF was studied by adding the different concentrations into the cultured HPF plates by Mono-nuclear cell direct cytotoxicity (MTT) reduction assay.RESULTS: COX-2 expression was present in the cultured HPF. The level of the expression increased following VEGF treatment. The proliferation of the cultured HPF decreased following addition of the different concentrations of Meloxicam (from 75μ mol/L to 300μ mol/L) and the magnitude of the inhibition was dose-time dependent.CONCLUSION: COX-2 levels in the cultured HPF werepositively associated with VEGF stimulation and Meloxicam was inhibitory to HPF proliferation.

Acute leukemia marks the main type of non-solid cancer in children.Studies have proved that long non-coding RNA plays important roles in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies and can be applied as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and efficacy monitoring of leukemia patients.This article briefly reviews the roles of long non-coding RNA in the tumorigenesis and progression of childhood acute leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Monoamine hypothesis has been demonstrated by researches. However, the correlation between the metabolite of plasma monoamine neurotransmitter and anti-depression treatment in patients with depression has less been reported.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of different drugs on metabolite of plaama monoamine neurotransmitter, and the correlation between the metabolite of plasma monoamine neurotransmitter and anti-depression treatment in patients with depression.DESIGN: Case controlled study.SETTING: Neurological Department and Brain Institute of Nanjing Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: Forty patients with depression hospitalized in Nanjing Brain Hospital (depression group) were diagnosed with the second revised edition of China classification of mental diseases(CCMD-2) and the tenth edition of International classification of diseases. And the total score of Hanmilton rating scale for depression(HAMD) was more than 17. Healthy voluntary blood donators in the control group were from Nanjing Municipal Central Blood Station( n = 20).INTERVENTIONS: Antidepressant was used in the depression for 4 weeks: fluoxetine 20 mg per day; 5-serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine 20 mg per day; venlafaxime 50- 100 mg per day;5-serotonin and morepinephrine selective reuptake inhibitor(SNRI) fluvoxamine 50-100 mg per day. High performance liquid chromatograpy(HPLC)was used to measure the level of metabolite of plasma monoamine neurotransmitter in patients with depression before and 42 week after treatment, and the HAMD was used to evaluate clinical effect of the patients.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The levels of metabolites of plasma monoamine neurotransmitters in patients with depression: 5-hydroxyindoleace tic acid(5-HIAA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol(MHPG) and homovani llic acid(HVA) were measured before and 4th week after treatment.RESULTS: The levels of 5-HIAA, MHPG and HVA of the metabolites of plasma monoamine neurotransmitters in patients with depression before treatment [ (20.3±14.6), (124.8±103.6), (54.7±32.1) μg/L] were all lower than those in the normal control group[ (39.5±28.4), (334.5 ±107.3), (88.5±37.2) μg/L], with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05). After SSRI treatment, the 5-HIAA content[ (37.1±21.9)μg/L]was significantly increased as compared with that before treatment, whose difference indicated significant meaning ( P＜0.05), but the differences in MHPG and HVA had no significant meaning as compared with those before treatment(P＞0.05) . After SNRI treatment, 5-HIAA and MHPG contents [(35.4±25.2 ), (291.2±120.4) μg/L] both were significantly increased, which indicated significant difference as compared with those before treatment( P＜0.05); but HVA level had no significant changes.CONCLUSION:'The peripheral neurotransmitter metabolites in plasma can reflect their states in brain. The change of neurotransmitter metabolite in plasma can be regarded as an important reference index for the evaluation of depression.

Objective To investigate the genotypic frequency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) (1376G ＞ T),G6PD 1311C ＞ T and G6PD IVS11-93T ＞ C in 50 newborns with G6PD deficiency in Guangdong region.Methods To identify G6PD deficiency in the patients of neonatal ward in Guangzhou First People's Hospital during 2010,detected by methemoglobin reduction test and measurement of G6PD/6-phosphate dehydrogenase (6PGD) ratio.Fifty G6PD deficiency subjects were classified into the experimental group,20 neonatal jaundice subjects were classified into the control group.Genomic DNA was extracted by standard method from the peripheral blood of each subject.PCR-direct DNA sequence analysis was used to identify G6PD 1376G ＞ T,1311C ＞ T and 11 intron 93T ＞ C mutations.Results The overall results of mutation analysis in the 50 G6PD deficiency subjects showed the existence of 3 different alleles:G6PD 1376G ＞T,1311C ＞T,11 intron 93T ＞ C(including 1311C ＞ T/IVS11-93T ＞ C and 1376G ＞T/1311C ＞T/IVS11-93T ＞ C complex mutations).The different genotypic frequency in the experimental group was G6PD 1376G ＞T 26.0％ (13/50 cases),1311C ＞ T 4.0％ (2/50 cases),11 intron 93T ＞ C 4.0％ (2/50 cases),1311C ＞ T/IVS11-93T ＞ C 2.0％ (1/50 cases),1376G ＞ T/1311C ＞ T/IVS11-93T ＞ C 2.0％ (1/50 cases).The G6PD enzyme activity of the subjects with 1311C ＞ T/IVS11-93T ＞ C and 1376G ＞ T/1311C ＞ T/IVS11-93T ＞ C complex mutation were reduced.These G6PD mutations were not found in the controls.Conclusions G6PD 1376G ＞ T is one of the commonest mutation in G6PD deficiency newborn in Guangdong region.A novel complex mutation 1376G ＞ T/1311C ＞ T/IVS11-93T ＞ C in this study was found.

Objective To establish a monitoring and evaluation indicator framework in the context of malaria elimination in pilot areas in China,so as to further assess the malaria elimination work in the future. Methods Based on the consultancy, and according to the government documents such as Action Plan for Malaria Elimination in China (2010-2020),Technical Guidance for Malaria Elimination,Programme Evaluation on Malaria Elimination,the indicators were set up at both provincial and county levels and their application was conducted in Yunnan and Anhui provinces to assess the accountability,accessibility and applicability. Results An indicator framework was built up including four key components,which were input,process, output and impact indicators,in which 95 were provincial indicators and 98 were county indicators. The completion rate of the indicators of Yunnan and Anhui provinces were 94.7%(90/95)and 95.8%(91/95)respectively;and the completion rate of in?dicators of Tengchong and Feidong counties were 93.9%(92/98)and 92.9%(91/98)respectively. Conclusion The estab?lished indicator framework is reliable and applicable,which could effectively help to track the malaria elimination progress and identify gaps.

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance characteristics of pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood cultures in the infected patients in our hospital during 2009-2013 to provide the newest evidence for the clinical anti-infection ther-apy.Methods The bacterial identification and drug susceptibility test were performed by applying the VITEK-32 System.The dis-tribution situation and the drug susceptibility test results of pathogens isolated from blood culture specimens in our hospital during this period were analyzed.Results 2 301 strains of positive bacteria were isolated from 14 006 cases of blood culture during these five consecutive years.The positive rate was 16.4%.Among them,1 303 strains were Gram positive bacteria(56.6%),954 strains of Gram negative bacilli(41.5%)and 44 strains of fungi(1.9%).Gram-positive bacteria were mainly Staphylococcus aureus,coagu-lase negative staphylococci(CNS),etc.Gram-negative bacteria were mainly E.coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,etc.E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were highly sensitive to carbapenem,amikacin,cefoxitin and antibacterial drugs containing enzyme inhibitor.The detec-tion rates of extended-spectrumβ-lactamase(ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 55.8% and 18.4%respectively.Acinetobacter baumannii in blood culture had serious resistance to most of antibacterial drugs.Conclusion The kinds of pathogens isolated from blood culture are complex with different sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.Timely understanding the re-sults of blood culture has the important significance to adjust the treatment scheme in clinic and timely discover drug-resistant strains for serve clinic better.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of continuous noninvasive hemoglobin ( Hb ) monitoring in the patients undergoing cesarean section. Methods A total of 200 patients, at 36-42 weeks of gestation, aged 19-40 yr, with body mass index of 20.5-35.1 kg∕m2 , of ASA physical statusⅠorⅡ, undergoing elective cesarean section from June 2014 to October 2014 in our hospital, were enrolled. A sensor was positioned at patient′s finger and connected to the Masimo Radical?7 Pulse CO?Oximeter, a continuous noninvasive Hb measurement device. Noninvasive Hb obtained with Pulse CO?oximeter ( SpHb) was recorded. Before skin incision ( T0 ) , after delivery of the placenta ( T1 ) , after suturing the uterus ( T2 ) and at the end of operation ( T3 ) , blood samples from the radical artery were collected for determination of total Hb ( tHb) , and SpHb was also recorded. The agreement between two methods was assessed using Bland?Altman analysis. Results At T0-T3, tHb was 111±9, 103±8, 94±8 and (89±7) g∕L, respectively, and SpHb was 124 ± 9, 120 ± 12, 108 ± 9 and ( 103 ± 8 ) g∕L, respectively. Bland?Altman analysis showed that at T0-T3 , the mean difference between SpHb and tHb was 13.5, 17.1, 14.1 and 13.9 g∕L, respectively, and 95% confidence interval was 13.1-13.9, 16.5-17.7, 13.6-14.6 and 13.4-14.4 g∕L, respectively. The limit of agreement was 8.4-18.6, 9.1-25.1, 7.8-20.4 and 7.4-20.4 g∕L at T0-T3 , respectively, and the interchangeable limits of the two methods ranged between 3.5-23.5, 7.1-27.1, 4.1-24.1 and 3.9-23.9 g∕L at T0-T3 , respectively. The repeatability coefficient of tHb and SpHb was 16.5 and 15.8 g∕L, respectively. The relative error of SpHb was (4.6±1.0)%, (5.3±1.4)%, (4.9±1.2)% and (4.8±1.2)% at T0-T3, respectively. Conclusion Continuous noninvasive Hb monitoring provides good accuracy in the patients undergoing cesarean section.