OBJECTIVE:To review drug use in the pediatric outpatient department of our hospital.METHODS:1000pediatric prescriptions during Aug.1to Aug.20,2004and another1000during Aug.1to Aug.20,2005were collected from the pediatric outpatient department of our hospital,and which were subjected to statistical analysis using international indicators of rational drug use and DDDs.RESULTS:The usage of injection accounted for12.3%in2004and11.4%in2005.The usage of anti-infectives stood at84.20%in2005,accounting for46.11%of total drug consumption sum.Azithromycin and cefaclor respectively dominated the first place on the lists of consumption sum and DDDs.CONCLUSION:The practice of Prescription Management Rules(trial)helps improving the use of injections in the pediatric outpatient department of our hospital.However,there are still many problems,which needs to be tackled in the application of anti-infectives and further intervention measures needs to be taken.

Objective To study the inclusion conditions for volatile oil from Danfu Tongmai Granules.Methods With the utilization rate of volatile oil and yield rate of inclusion as indexes,the optimum inclusion conditions were selected by orthogonal design,and the inclusion compound was identified by TLC.Results The optimal inclusion conditions for volatile oil were as follows:a proportion of 1 ∶7(mL ∶g) for oil to ?-cyclodextrin,stirring for 4 hours at 40 ℃.TLC results showed that inclusion process was successful and the main components of volatile oil were similar before and after inclusion.Conclusion This methods can be used for producing ?-cyclodextrin inclusion compound on a large scale.

Adult ; Arsenic Poisoning ; etiology ; Arsenicals ; Humans ; Male ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Absorption ; Wounds and Injuries

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) in children. Methods The clinical data of 67 children with PSVT were analyzed retrospectively, and the therapeutic effects of different treatments were compared. Results The clinical manifestations of infants were paleness, shortness of breath, irritability and sweating, and children showed chest tightness, palpitations, abdominal discomfort and fatigue. The curative effect of electric cardioversion, transesophageal atrial pacing, physical therapy, and drug therapy was statistically different (P<0.05), The different cardioversion rates of them were observed for the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The cardioversion rate of transesophageal atrial pacing, was the highest, and the rate of physical therapy was the lowest. There was no significant difference in the cardioversion rate between propafenone, digoxin and amiodarone. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of PSVT in infants are atypical and easily to be ignored. There are many methods for treatment of PSVT. The vagus nerve can be stimulated first, and, if no response, either drugs or electric cardioversion and transesophageal atrial pacing can be used. The cardioversion rate of transesophageal atrial pacing is higher. The drug effectiveness for the treatment of PSVT depends on many factors, and our choice of medication varies from person to person.

BRCA1 Protein ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; Designer Drugs ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Precision Medicine ; methods ; Tubulin ; genetics ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein ; genetics

Objective In order to improve the teaching effectiveness of anatomy in nursing, this article made an exploration on the experimental teaching reform combined with the characteristics of nursing profession. Methods The nursing students of class 1and 2 of 2013were set as the research object. The class 1 (110) as experimental class, class 2 (110) for the control group. In the experimental class, the reform of teaching method and teaching quality was improved by adjusting the teaching syl-labus and teaching contents. The control class used the traditional experimental teaching method. The experiment class' teaching reform research of the human anatomy carried on the 1 semester. Exam achievement evaluation and the questionnaire survey were adopted to assess the teaching effect. SPSS 13.0 software was used to do statistical analysis and t test was used to compare two groups of students test scores, experiment grades, test scores and total scores. Results Experimental theory examination results [(47.80±7.30) vs. (44.85±8.38)], experiment grades [(15.48±1.76) vs. (14.55±2.19)], ex-periment test scores [(15.52±2.22) vs. (14.35±2.64)], total score [(78.80±8.99) vs. (73.75±10.53)] were better than control group (P<0.05). In questionnaire survey,more than 80% of the students think that the reformed teaching method can help to improve the teaching effect. Conclusion In human anatomy experiment teaching reform, the reformed experiment teaching method can significantly improve students' scores and the teaching effect. It is better than the traditional method, and is worth publicizing.

Background Diabetes is one of the risk factors that leads to corneal neuropathy.Silent signal regulatory factor 1 (Sirt1) plays an important role in glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,regulation of insulin secretion and is closely related to the nervous system disease.The relationship between Sirt1 and diabetic corneal neuropathy is not fully understood.Objective This study was to detect the expression of Sirtl in cornea and trigeminal ganglion with type 1 diabetes model mice and explore the association of Sirt1 expression with diabetic corneal neuropathy.Methods Eight C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J male mice and eight wild-type C57BL/6 male mice in the same litter were selected as type 1 diabetes model group and control group,respectively.The mice of two groups were sacrificed in overdose anesthesia method at 12-month old.Histological examination of cornea and trigeminal ganglion was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining.Expression and localization of Sift1 protein in cornea and trigeminal ganglion were detected using immunohistochemistry.Western blot assay and fluorescine quantitative PCR were respectively used to quantitatively analyze the expression of Sirt1 protein and Sirt1 mRNA.Results Trigeminal ganglion cells were uneven in size and shape with the loosened cellular arrangement and disorder neurofibrosis alignment,and the corneal epithelial cells were less in the C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J mice,but the trigeminal ganglion cells and corneal epithelial cells were normal in wild-type C57BL/6 mice.Immunochemisty exhibited that Sirtl protein was expressed mainly in corneal epithelium and the expression of Sirtl protein was stronger in the C57BL/6 mice than that in C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J mice.Fluorescine quantitative PCR assay showed that the gray scale value of Sirt1 mRNA in cornea in C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J mice was lower than that of the wild-type C57BL/6 mice(0.56±0.03 vs.0.98±0.13) with significant difference (t =5.853,P =0.010).Western blot showed that the expression of Sirt1 protein in cornea was lower in C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J mice than that of the wild-type C57BL/6 mice(0.78±0.017 vs.1.300±0.012) with significant difference(t =33.140,P =0.001).However,no significant differences were seen in the gray scale value of Sirt1 mRNA(2.45±0.18 vs.2.51±0.22) (t=0.587,P=0.599) and protein level(1.100±0.015 vs.1.110±0.017) (t =0.430,P=0.709) in trigeminal ganglion tissues between C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J mice and wide-type C57BL/6 mice.Conclusions The corneal nerve and structure is abnormal in 12-month-old C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J mouse.Sirt1 is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic keratoneuropathy,suggesting that it may be a potential target.

Objective To improve the knowledge of paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH) and to elevate the level of early diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical data of 45 PAH patients admitted in Shanghai Children's Hospital from Jan.2006 to Dec.2012 were reviewed,including clinical manifestation,laboratory examination,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Results Of the 45 PAH patients,21 cases (46.7％) were male and 24 cases (53.3 ％) were female,with an average age of 2.5 years old.Among them idiopathic PAH was in 24 cases (53.3 ％) and secondary PAH was in 21 cases [including interstitial lung disease in 4 cases,upper airway obstruction in 3 cases,systemic lupus erythematosus in 3 cases,hepatic disease in 3 cases,including hepatic hemangioma 1 case,liver cirrhosis portal hypertension 1 case and autoimmune hepatic sarcoidosis 1 case,tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy in 2 cases,extensive pulmonary small artery stenosis in 2 cases,human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 1 case,hypothyroidism in 1 case,and familial PAH in 2 cases].Main clinical manifestations were anhelation after exercise (71.1％),fatigue (68.9％),cough (48.9％),chest tightness (26.7％),chest pain (33.3％),syncope (8.9％),et al.The most common physical signs were splitting of the second sound in pulmonary valve area (93.3％),followed by tricuspid murmur (77.8％),cyanosis (53.3％),hepatomegaly (42.2％),hydropericardium (28.9％),and oedema (11.1％),et al.Twenty-seven cases did cardiac catheterization,compared with idiopathic PAH and secondary PAH,pulmonary artery systolic pressure,mean pulmonary artery pressure,pulmonary capillary wedge pressure,pulmonary arteriolar resistance index had significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).Thirty-one cases' condition improved after treatment,11 cases without any improvement and 3 cases died during follow-up visit.Conclusions PAH is a rare disease with no specific symptom and can be easily misdiagnosed in children.Ultrasonic cardiogram and cardiac catheterization are helpful in diagnosis.Actively looking for the cause can improve the prognosis.

Objective To report the diagnosis and treatment of an imported case of schistosomiasis haematobium,including the pathological features of the disease and therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel. Methods The data of the patient with schistoso?miasis haematobium were collected,and the pathological features of the bladder tissue were observed under a microscope. More?over,the patient was treated with praziquantel,and his urine was collected before and after the treatment. The eggs in the urine were examined by a microscope after sediment and the miracidia were hatched. Results The patient once worked in Angola for three months,and after returning home he had the symptoms of intermittent painless terminal hematuresis. It was ineffective af?ter anti?inflammatory treatment in a number of hospitals. There were no sand spots discovered under the cystoscope. However , the inflammatory reaction to parasite with a lot of eosinophils infiltration in the bladder mucosa was found on the pathological sec?tions under a microscope,and the egg structure was observed with individual characteristics. The eggs were detected in the urine and the miracidia were hatched before the praziquantel treatment. The hematuria symptoms disappeared after the praziquantel treatment. The eggs were still detected in the urine 7 days post?treatment,but the miracidium could not be hatched. One month and 6 months post?treatment,the eggs were not detected in the urine. Conclusions The imported cases of schistosomiasis hae?matobium are often misdiagnosed,and therefore,it is necessary to strength the health education to the workers overseas and also to improve the ability of diagnosis in medical staff. For the case reported in this paper,there are typical structure of Schistosoma haematobium eggs and egg?granulomas on the pathological sections of bladder tissues. Praziquantel has satisfactory treatment re?sults.

Objective To investigate celecoxib self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (CXB-SMEDDS) that was developed to increase the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of celecoxib.Methods The formulation of CXB-SMEDDS was optimized by pseudo-ternary phase diagrams analysis.The appearance, morphology, particle size distribution and in vitro drug release behavior of CXB-SMEDDS were investigated after diluted by water.The bioavailability of CXB-SMEDDS was determined by oral administration to rats compared with CXB suspension.Results An optimized formulation was selected: Medium chain triglycerides as oil phase, Tween 20 as surfactant, Transcutol HP as cosurfactant.The ratio of oil phase, surfactant and cosurfactant was 2∶9∶9.Upon mixing with water, CXB-SMEDDS formed a clear and transparent microemulsion solution with homogeneous small spherical under transmission electron microscopy.For particle size of CXB-SMEDDS was found to be (57.6±14.2) nm.The in vitro dissolution test indicated a significant improvement in release characteristics of CXB.The AUC of CXB-SMEDDS and CXB suspension were (5.54±0.94) and (3.32±0.59) mg·L-1·h, respectively.The relative bioavailability was 166.9%.Conclusion The SMEDDS can significantly increase celecoxib dissolution in vitro and bioavailability in vivo.