Lipid droplets are the main storage organelles for intracellular neutral lipids. Many recent studies have found that lipid droplets are closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Lipid droplets play important roles in the multiple processes of HCV life cycle, such as infection, replication, assembly, and secretion. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress in the roles of lipid droplets in HCV life cycle.
Animals ; Hepacivirus ; metabolism ; physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Organelles ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effects of acellular allo-dermis for repairing skin defects in clinic.Methods A total of 78 cases were studied in this article. All of these patients were treated by acellular allo-dermis plus autologous epiderm skin complex grafts. Among these patients, 10 patients were injuried with skin,and soft tissue avulsion, 23 patients with limbs eschar wounds caused by burn,and after scar excision,45 patients with wounds undergoing plastic operations. Results 78 cases had satisfactory effects in appearance and functions. The complex skin grafts of 69 cases among all the 78 cases were alive. The complex skin grafts of the other 9 cases were partially skin sheet alive. Conclusions Acellular allo-dermis is an ideal skin surrogate, it has good tissue elasticity and tolerance. It can not only ensure the appearance and functions similar to thicker skin graft, but also reduce scar produce in donor site.

AIM: To analyze the pathogens and drug sensitivity of chronic dacryocystitis in order to provide evidence for clinical drug use.
METHODS:Lacrimal secretion of 171 cases with chronic dacryocystitis was sampled for pathogenic bacteria culture identification and drug sensitivity test. Based on the results, the isolation rate of pathogens strains, the pathogens kind of chronic dacryoeystitis, main pathogens of chronic dacryocystitis, and sensitive drug for pathogens were analyzed.
RESULTS: The isolation rate of pathogens strains was 76. 61% ( 131 cases ). The pathogens constituting the chronic dacryocystitis were predominantly gram-positive coccus,the percentage was 72. 52% (95 cases), among which staphylococcus hominis occupied 27. 48% ( 36 cases), staphylococcus epidermidis 16. 79% (22 cases), streptococcus viridans 12. 98% (17 cases). The majority of these bacteria were sensitive to cefoperazone-sulbactam, tobramycin, gentamicin and levofloxacin. For gram -positive coccus, cefoperazone - sulbactam, gentamicin and tobramycin were the most sensitive drug. For gram-negative bacilli, cefoperazone - sulbactam, tobramycin and levofloxacin were most sensitive drug.
CONCLUSION: Staphylococcus hominis is the main pathogen of chronic dacryocystitis, tobramycin can be used as the first choice for local treatment of chronic dacryocystitis.

Objective To improve the establishment of rabbit model with VX2 liver tumor and assess sonographical value in monitoring the tumor growth.Methods Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were implanted with VX2 tumor in two liver lobes under ultrasound guidance percutaneously.Ultrasound examinations were performed at twenty days and thirty-six days after implantation.At the same time exploratory laparotomy was performed.Results Among 30 implanted tumors of 15 rabbits,16(53%) tumors were successfully implanted with few complications.It took 15 to 40 minutes to implant tumors in one rabbit.Implantation rates of left lobe and right lobe were 53% and 50% respectively,and there was no significant difference.Ultrasound examination could monitor tumor growth well.Conclusions After the improvement,the establishment of model was easier,less time-consuming,minimally invasive and caused few complications than other implantation methods.Serial ultrasound examinations should be performed in monitoring the tumor growth.

Abstract?AIM:To evaluate the pupil light reflex in patients with primary open angle glaucoma, and to investigate the relation between pupil and visual field defect.?METHODS:From July 2014 to October 2015, 115 eyes in 86 patients with primary open angle glaucoma and 23 eyes in 16 healthy individuals were continuously enrolled in this study.All the subjects received comprehensive eye examination, visual field examination ( Humphrey, SITA Standard 24-2 ) and dynamic pupil measurement ( MonCV3 Metrovision) .According to the visual field and the Glaucoma Staging System, the patients with glaucoma were divided into 5 subgroups: stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4 and stage 5. The parameters of pupillary light reflex were as follows: pupil diameter ( minimum, maximum ) , latency and duration of contraction, latency and duration of dilatation, contraction amplitude, contraction and dilatation speed, and percent of pupil contraction ( PPC ). SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to analyze the measurement results.?RESULTS:The control group significantly differed from the stage 4 subgroup ( P=0.032 ) and stage 5 subgroup (P=0.014) in terms of minimum pupil diameter; there was significant difference in the pupil contraction speed between groups ( F =648.675, P <0.01 ), and the contraction speed in stage 5 subgroup was significantly lower than those in the other subgroups and control group (P<0.05); the control group significantly differed from the stage 3, stage 4, and stage 5 subgroup in terms of PPC ( P<0.05 ).Pupil contraction speed, PPC and minimum diameter showed correlation with the stages of glaucoma.?CONCLUSION:Pupil contraction ability in patients with primary open angle glaucoma was impaired, and the degree of impairment is related with the degree of visual field defect.

Objective To find out the proper concentration of ZnSO4?7H2O as foliar fertilizer used for Pinellia ternata, and to provide reference for high yield of P.ternate,effects of zinc on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in leaves of P.ternata and the yield were studied.Methods Seedlings of P.ternata were employed as the experiment material.At the stage of full seedling,ZnSO4?7H2O of different concentration was sprayed on the leaves,the indexes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism were determined on the day 10,the weight of tubers and bulbils were measured at the sprout tumble stage.Results The yield of P.ternata has an exceedingly significant positive correlation with the contents of soluble sucrose and starch in the leaves,a significant positive correlation with the content of photosynthetic pigment and the aldolase activity,and a negative correlation with the amylase activity.In addition,the yield shows both an exceedingly significant positive correlation whith the nitrate reductase activity and a significant positive correlation with the content of protein.At the stage of full seedling,zinc sprayed on leaves can increase the content of photosynthetic pigment and improve the capability of photosynthesis.Meanwhile,spraying zinc can also promote the accumulation of soluble sucrose and starch in the leaves because of its stimulation on aldolase and inhibition on amylase.Besides,spraying zinc on leaves could improve the activity of nitrate reductase and the content of protein,and finally increase the yield of P.ternata.Conclusion The concentration of 600 mg/L is the best for ZnSO4?7H2O used as foliar fertilizer for P.ternate at the stage of full seedling.

BACKGROUND: Schwann cell derived neurotrophic factor, which is isolated and purified from the kytoplasm of Schwann cell with the relative molecular mass of 58000, is a kind of neurotrophic substance possessing obvious neurotrophic activity. It can be against neurovirulent substance of nitrogen monoxidum.OBJECTIVE:To create root avulsion animal models and observe the protective effects of Schwann cell derived neurotrophic factor (SDNF) on motoneurons of spinal anterior horn from spinal root avulsion induced cell death.DESIGN: Repeated observation and measure.SETTING: Third Department of Orthopaedics, Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen; Department of Micro-surgery , First Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted at the Experimental Animal Center of Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University from March to May 2003. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats with the age of 3-4 months, of clean degree, were selected and divided randomly into experimental group of Schwann cell derived neurotrophic factor and control group of normal saline with 10 rats in each group. The right side was injured, and the left side was intact served as normal control side.METHODS : ①A rat model of C6,7 spinal root avulsion induced motoneuron degeneration was established. ② A small piece of gelfoam presoaked in 40 μL SDNF solutions (1 g/L) was placed in contact with the injured spinal cord in the animals of the experimental group. Normal saline was added as the same way as above in the animals of the control group. ③ A silica pipe was put on the surface of gleform, one end of the silica was sutured to the glefoam , and the other end wasfixed subcutaneously with vaselinum. Local intramuscular injection of penicillinum was performed on the wound following closing the incision. All rats received an injection (20 μL) of either SDNF or normal saline solution at the lesion site through the silica pipe sutured to the glefoam once a week after the surgery. All the animals were killed by the end of the third weeks. ④The spinal region of C6,7 level was dissected out for observing survival rate and morphological change of motoneurons of spinal anterior horn as well as the expression of nitricoxide synthase(NOS).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Survival and morphological change of spinal motor neurons. ②Change of nitricoxide synthase expression of spinal motor neurons.RESULTS: Totally 20 rats were enrolled in the experiment, and all of them entered the stage of result analysis. ① Survival and morphological changeof spinal motor neurons: 68.6% motoneurons of injured side of the control group died at 3 weeks after surgery. The survival rate was 31.4%,which was significantly lower than that of the intact side (P ＜ 0.01), and the survived neurons was shrinked significantly; the death rate of spinal motor neurons of injured side of experimental group was decreased by 35%as compared with control group (P＞ 0.05). The survival rate was 66.4%,and the survived neuron body was increased, similar to the intact side (P ＞ 0.05). ② Change of nitricoxide synthase expression of spinal motor neurons: In normal spinal cord, NOS positive neurons were shown in dorsal horn, surrounding the central canal and in the intermediolateral column.NOS was not seen in the anterior horn motonurons. At the end of the third week after C6,7 spinal root avulsion, increased NOS expression was not found at the injured side in the Schwann cell derived neurotrophic factor group and the intact side in the control side, while the significantly increased NOS expression of spinal motoneurons was found at the injured side of the control group.CONCLUSION: Degeneration of spinal motoneuron and increased expression of NOS can be induced by spinal root avulsion. SDNF has a significant effect in protecting spinal motoneurons from spinal root avulsion induced cell death and inhibiting the expression of NOS. These results suggest that the effects .of SDNF on motoneuron survival may be achieved by modifying the expression of certain cellular molecule such as NOS.

Objective To determine the clinical efficacy of the combination of Aidi injection and chemotherapy in patients of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods One hundred and twenty three patients with stage ⅢB/Ⅳ NSCLC complying with diagnosis standard were eligible.Those patients were randomly divided into treatment group (63 patients) and control group (60 patients). Both of groups received NP regimens( NVB 25 mg/m2, ivgtt, d1,d8; DDP 25 mg/m2, ivgtt, d1-3, watering). In treatment group,patients received Aidi injection (50 ml, ivgtt, d1-10) combined with NP regimens. Then some indexes were observed, including outcomes in the overall response rates, adverse drug reaction, quality of life. Results In treatment group, outcomes in the overall response rates were 50.8 %, 5 patients were completely remitted(CR),27 patients were partly remitted(PR). In control group, outcomes in the overall response rates were 35.0 %(3 CR, 18 PR). Gastrointestinal reaction and bone marrow depression of treatment group was lower than control group. Quality of life of treatment group was higher than control group. The difference was significant between two groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion This Aidi injection plus chemotherapy combination is effective against NSCLC with mild toxicities and quality of life can be improved.

BACKGROUND:Ginsenoside can promote wisdom,prevent aging,protect cortical motor neurons,resist cell apoptosis,but the mechanisms are unclear.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 on nerve growth factor expression in Schwann cells.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The in vitro cytological study was performed at the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen City from March to June 2004.MATERIALS:Fresh adult ex vivo nerve was obtained from limbs that were dissociated by trauma and could not be reimplanted at the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen City.Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 was supplied by the Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences.METHODS:Epineurium was removed and cut into 1.0-2.0 mm blocks.Schwann cells were isolated by enzyme digestion.Following removing fibroblasts by double 30-minute differential attachment,Schwann cells with above 95% purity rate were harvested,and then incubated on a 96-well culture plate coated with polylysine (105 cells/well).Schwann cells in the Ginsenoside Rb1 group were subjected to 20 uL of Ginsenoside Rb1 at 10,20,40,60,80 ug.Schwann cells in the Ginsenoside Rg1 group underwent 20 uL of Ginsenoside Rg1 at 10,20,40,60,80 ug.Schwann cells in the control group were treated with 20 uL of phosphate buffered saline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Nerve growth factor expression rate was determined in Schwann cells by using flow cytometry.RESULTS:Nerve growth factor expression rate in Schwann cells was significantly increased in the Ginsenoside Rb1 and Ginsenoside Rg1 groups compared with the control group at 48 hours following incubation (P ＜ 0.05),in a dose-dependent fashion.Nerve growth factor expression rate peaked when Ginsenoside Rb1 and Ginsenoside Rg1 were 60 mg/L.No significant difference in nerve growth factor expression rate was detected between the Ginsenoside Rb1 and Ginsenoside Rg1 groups (P ＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 has potential of promoting the recovery of damaged peripheral nerve by increasing Schwann cell producing and secreting nerve growth factor.

Objective To analyse the effect of antivirus treatment on the survival time of chronic severe hepatitis B retrospectively.Methods one hundred and twenty-one patients with chronic severe hepatitis B and positive HBV DNA were divided into 3 groups:42 patients in entecavir(ETV)group,34 patients in lamivudine(LVD)group and 45 patients in control group.The primary data were recorded and followed.The survival curve was described using Kaolain-Maier method.The comparison of survival rate among groups was done using Logrank test.Results The baseline characteristics were well balanced among 3 groups.When the follow-up ended,the mean survival time of ETV group,LVD group and control group was(49.4±5.8)weeks,(51.6±6.7)weeks,(32.8±5.7)weeks;the total survival rate was 0.567,0.557,0.318 respectively,there was a statistical difference between ETV group and control grouP(χ2=5.742,P<0.05),or between LVD group and control group (χ2=5.472,P<0.05).There was not statistical difference between ETV group and LVD group in the week of 2,4,8,12,24,48.Conclusion ETV and LVD can improve the survival rate of chronic severe heoatitis B,and ETV iS not different from LVD.