Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; complications ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; etiology ; Humans

Objective To preliminarily proved that the cerebellar hypothalamic pathways regulate inflammatory cytokines involved in post?stroke depression(post?stroke depression,PSD). Methods 160 male(Sprague?Dawley,SD)rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,the stroke group,PSD group,kainic acid(kainic acid,KA)damage of cerebellar fastigial nucleus group,electrical damaged decussation of superior cer?ebellar peduncle(superior cerebellar peduncle,xSCP)group. The behavioral observation were observed and expression of IL?1βand TNF?αin hip?pocampus by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the sham operation group and stroke group,PSD group,TNF?α,IL?1βcontent signif?icantly increased;and the factor of rats with KA group and xSCP group expression consistent with PSD group,there was no significant difference among the three groups. Conclusion The cerebellar fastigial nuclear may through the cerebellar hypothalamic pathways regulate inflammatory cyto?kines and participate in post stroke depression.

Crohn Disease ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Objective To investigate clinical phenotype and the characteristics of gene mutation of patients with spinocercbellar ataxia type 2 and type 3.Methods The trinucleotide repeat mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),fluorescence-PCR and capillary electrophoresis in 9 patients and 43 members from 4 spinocerebellar ataxia families,1 sporadic patients,and 60 normal controls without family history.Results Six patients from 3 families and one sporadic patient had SCA3/MJD (CAG) n expansion mutation(n=68-75) ;Three patients from 1 family had SCA2 allele expansion for 37-41 times. Some of clinical menifestations were same among patients with type 2 or 3,while they showed significant difference in age of onset ,disease devetopment and nervous system injury.Conclusion The difference of clinical feature helps to distinguish SCA3/MJD and SCA2,however genotype analysis is the only method of definite diagnosis.

Objective To determine the dietary nutritional status of rural residents in Midwestern Shandong Province,in order to improve the dietary pattern and health status of them.Method 11 987 residents,from 10 273 households,were included in this study by multi-stage randomized cluster sampling in 8 counties located in Midwestern Shandong Province.Questionnaire of Food Frequency (QFF) was applied to collect the information about the amount and frequency of food consumed by the subjects in the past year.Results The average intake of cereal,vegetable,fruit,meat,egg,milk,bean,oil and salt per reference man per day was 553.9 g,310.6 g,58.2 g, 36.3 g,50.1 g,16.7 g,34.4 g,44.8 g and 12.3 g,respectively.The average intake of energy,carbohydrate,protein,fat and dietary fiber per reference man per day was 12 095.6 kJ,451.8 g,85.6 g,78.8 g and 18.7 g as well Cereal food provides 66.1% of total energy; however,the meat provides only 6.6% of that.Carbohydrate,protein and fat amount to around 63.2%,12.0% and 24.8% of total energy, respectively.24.0% of fat intake was from animal food,while 76% of that was from vegetable food.Conclusions The intake of energy, protein,fat was sufficient for these subjects;however,the intake of vegetable,fruit,bean and meat was lower than the dietary reference intake.Moreover,oil and salt intake in these subjects was much higher than Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intakes.Thus,the amelioration of dietary pattern in rural residents will be an important task for nutrition workers in rural area of Midwestern part of Shandong Province in the future.

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Patellar Dislocation ; congenital ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To evaluate the application of percutaneous nephroscopy in the treatment of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma, particularly renal pelvic carcinoma. Methods From June 2006 to June 2010, eight cases (with 10 sides) of renal pelvic carcinoma received percutaneous nephroscopy tumor resection. There were six males (with 7 sides) and two females (with 3 sides) in the study group. There were six cases with solitary kidney and two cases with bilateral renal pelvic tumors. There were four cases with high-grade tumors and six cases with low-grade tumors. The age of patients ranged from 52 to 72 yrs (average 61.2 yrs). Tumor sizes ranged from 0.5 to 3.5 cm (average 2.6 cm). Patients were treated with laser or electrocautery through percutaneous nephroscopy. A ureteral stent was placed in the patients after the procedure. Chemotherapy was administered postoperatively through the nephrostomy tube. Results All the operations were successfully completed uneventfully. The operative time was 45-95 min (average 73 min), estimated blood loss was 20-300 ml (average 50 ml). No remarkable differences were found in serum creatinine levels before and after operation. After 10 to 36 mon. follow-up by CT, MRI, and ureteroscopy, one patient died of tumor metastasis and two patients had local tumor recurrence. The remaining patients had no local recurrence. Conclusions Percutaneous nephroscopy in treating renal pelvic tumor is safe and feasible. This is a better choice for the renal pelvic carcinoma patients who are unsuitable for ureteronephrectomy.

Objective To discuss the technique of laparoscopie radical cystectomy with Studer orthotopic ileal neobladder. Methods Eight men with bladder cancer who were indicated for radical surgery underwent laparoscopic cysteetomy with Studer orthotopic ileal neobladder. The ages were be-tween 51 and 69 with the mean age was 57 years. Seven cases were transitional cell carcinoma and 1 case was adenocarcinoma. A 5-port approach was employed. The first step was the bilateral pevic lymphadenectomiy including obturator lymph nodes, internal and external iliac lymph nodes. Then ventral surface of the bladder was mobilized and the bilateral endopelvic fascia was incised. Next step included the stich of dorsal vein complex and dissection of both the vas deferens and seminal vesicles. Denonvillier's fascia was incised to develop the plane between the rectum and the prostate. The urethra located in the prostatic apex was divided and transected thereby completely separating the specimen. Then the specimen was placed in a packet. Finally, a 6-8 cm lower median abdominal incision was performed, through which the specimen was extracted. Construction of the Studer pouch. A portion of terminal ileum about 45cm long was isolated approximately 20cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. The ends of the isolated ileal segment were closed to restore the bowel continuity. The distal 40 cm segment of ileum was placed in a U shape and opened along the antimesenteric border. The two medial borders were then oversewn and the bottom was folded over to form a neobladder. The ureters were anastomosed to the nonineised 5 cm portion of ileum. Finally, the neobladder was put into the abdomi-nal cavity and the anastomosis between the neck of the neobladder and the end of the remaining ure-theral was performed with interrupted suture. Results All the procedures were successful. The time of the operation was 6-8 h with the mean estimated blood loss 420(200-800)ml. Complication included 1 case of right ureteral indigitation in neobladder. The postoperative histopathology revealed 7 cases of pT2 and 1 cases of pT3. No positive margin was found. The follow-up (3 - 12 months) showed no recurrence. Conclusions The technique of laparoseopic radical cystectomy is feasible with the advantages of smaller incision and less blood loss. Studer orthotopic ileal neobladder has the ad-vantages of simple skill, antireflux, better postoperative urination.

Objective To establish the in vivo models of adriamycin(ADR)-induced cardiotoxicity in rabbits, investigate the protective effect of oxymatrine (OMT) on ADR-induced cardiotoxicity, and explore the possible mechanism. Methods Twenty-six rabbits were randomly divided into ADR group (n=8, 2 mg/kg ADR), OMT group (n=5, 10 mg/kg OMT), ADR + OMT group (n=8, 10 mg/kg OMT was injected 30 min before ADR injection) and saline group (n=5, same quantity of normal saline), and rabbits in each group were infused with medicine or normal saline through ear marginal vein once a week for 8 weeks. The apoptosis of myocardial cells was detected by TUNEL methods, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was determined. Results After treatment, the body weight of ADR group was significantly lower than that of the other groups(P < 0.05), the activity of SOD and GSH-Px significantly decreased and the apoptosis index (AI) was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P <0.01). There were similar while minor changes in ADR + OMT group. There was no significant adverse effects in OMT group. Conclusion OMT protects heart from adriamycin-induced injury in rabbits, which may relate to the decrease in level of antioxidant and apoptosis of myocardial cells.

BACKGROUND: Following renal transplantation, native renal pelvic or ureteral tumor occurs not only on one side, but also on both sides simultaneously or continuously.OBJECTIVE: To describe a new procedure in managing native renal pelvic or ureteral tumor, in which, retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was first done followed by transurethral resection of ureteral orifice, and finally the kidney and the complete ureter with a bladder cuff were taken out through a midline abdomen incision, and to validate its feasibility.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A technique modification experiment was performed at the Department of Urinary Surgery, Third Hospital, Peking University between July 2004 and March 2006.PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients (7 males and 1 female) with native renal pelvic or ureteral tumor who received laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection were included into this study. Of them, 4 cases had bilateral lesions. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection was conducted 12 times totally.METHODS: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was first done in the lateral decubitus, followed by transurethral resection of the ureteral orifice with resectoscope in the lithotomy position, and finally, an incision was created in the lower midline abdomen to allow dissection of the distal ureter and bladder cuff and intact specimen extraction. Postoperatively, intravesical chemotherapy was routinely performed to prevent tumor recurrence. The patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, and once a year thereafter.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgery time, blood loss volume, pathological report, tumor recurrence time, tumor-free survival time, and complications.RESULTS: The mean surgery time was 3.8 hours (range: 2.5-7 hours). The mean hemorrhage volume was 240 mL (range: 50-1 200 mL). Two cases needed blood transfusion, 600 and 1 000 mL, respectively. Transitional cell carcinoma grade Ⅲ was found in 3 cases, grade Ⅱ in 4 cases, and grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ in 4 cases. In addition, there was 1 case presenting with tumor breaking through the serous membrane of the ureter and 1 case suffering from poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The tumor recurred locally in one case 6 months after surgery, and the remaining cases all survived in a tumor-free state.CONCLUSION: After renal transplantation, laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection through a lower midline abdomen incision is feasible for treatment of native renal pelvic or ureteral tumor, with low tumor recurrence rate and satisfactory excision effects.