Objective To study the protective effect of aqueous extract from Descurainia Sophia (DS) on H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury and to initially explore the potential mechanism. Methods The peaks of main components in DS were analyzed and identified by HPLC-MS. H9c2 cell injury model was established by H2O2. H9c2 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group, model group, probucol group, and DS at 100, 200, 400 μg/mL groups. In order to reveal the possible molecular mechanisms, the viability of H9c2 cells was measured by MTT assay; The apoptosis rate, autophagy rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were detected by flow cytometry; The relative indicators of cell oxidative stress were determined by biochemical kit; The expression levels of apoptosis-related protein and the autophagy-related protein were evaluated by Incell-western method. Results Seven components with the highest content were identified in DS through the results of mass spectrometry. Compared with the model group, DS can improve the cell viability (P < 0.05, 0.01) and survival rate of H9c2 cells (P < 0.01); At the same time, apoptosis was attenuated (P < 0.01), mitochondrial membrane potential was upregulated (P < 0.01), apoptosis related proteins Caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 were obviously downregulated (P < 0.01), autophagy phenomenon was attenuated (P < 0.01), autophagy related proteins LC3B and p62 were upregulated (P < 0.01). In addition, ROS level was decreased (P < 0.01), T-SOD and GSH-PX were upregulated and the levels of LDH and MDA were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Conclusion This study suggests that DS can effectively protect H2O2-induced H9c2 cells injury, and the mechanism may be associated with improving oxidative stress in cells, inhibiting cell apoptosis and autophagy, which may be related to flavonoid glycosides.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of Carvopteris terniflora Maxim. METHODS: The compounds were isolated with Diaion HP-20, Toyopearl HW - 40, and silica gel column chromatography. The structures of the compounds were identified on the basis of physiochemical properties and spectral data. RESULTS: Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as chrysosplenol D(1), pendultin(2), luteolin(3), apigenin(4), 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) phenyl β-D-glucoside (5), martinoside (6), [17(15→16)-abeo-20-nor-abieta-12, 16-epoxy-7-hydroxy-5(10), 6, 8, 12, 15-pentaen-11, 14-dion-18(1)-olide] (7), [17(15→16)-abeo-20-nor-abieta-12, 16-epoxy-7, 17-dihydroxy-5(10), 6, 8, 12, 15-pentaen-11, 14-dion-18 (1)-olide] (8), syringaresinol(9), lyoniresinol(10), lariciresinol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11), alangilignoside D(12), hydroxycinnamic acid(13), hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester(14), vanillic acid(15), salicylic acid(16) and stigmasterol(17). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-16 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

OBJECTIVE: To screen the estrogenic effects of fresh Radix Rehmanniae, dried Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and the leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. METHODS: Mouse uterine weight test and MCF-7 cell proliferation assay were used to evaluate the estrogenic effects of the four kinds of Chinese traditional herbs. ICI182, 780 antagonnist assay and reporter gene assay were adopted to explore the mechanism of action of fresh and dried Radix Rehmanniae. In reporter gene assay, HEK293 cells were cotranfected with pERE-TAL-luc, pβgal-Control, pCXN2-hERα or pCXN2-hERβ, and the expression of reportr gene luc was controlled by ERE. RESULTS: Mouse uterine weight test showed that compared with the control group, fresh and dried Radix Rehmanniae could increase the uterus index of premature female mice, and both of them could promote the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Co-incubation of MCF-7 cells with estrogen receptor blocker ICI182, 780 abolished the inductive effect of the proliferation. The reporter gene controlled by ERE technology showed that when mediated by ERβ, the normalized luciferase activity of the two groups were significantly higher than the activity of the control group. CONCLUSION: Fresh and dried Radix Rehmanniae have estrogenic activities which are mainly mediated by ERβ. Fresh Radix Rehmanniae has higher estrogenic activity than dried Radix Rehmanniae. Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata does not have estrogenic activity. The estrogenic activity may change during the processing process of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the active substances with immunoenhancement effect in Prepared Radix Rehmanniae and its mechanism of action. METHODS: Balb/c mice lymphocytes were isolated from thymus and spleens with conventional methods. MTT assay was carried out for proliferation detection, and then ELISA assay was used to measure the levels of Th1 cytokines IL-2, IFN-γ and Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 of lymphocytes from thymus and spleens of the mice. RESULTS: The water extract (0.049, 0.49 and 4. 9 mg · mL-1) and crude polysaccharide extract (0.032, 0.32 and 3.2 mg · mL-1) of Prepared Radix Rehmanniae resulted in strong promotion of thymus and spleen lymphocytes proliferation and obvious increase of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 levels with or without Con A stimulation. These effects were dose-related. CONCLUSION: Prepared Radix Rehmanniae can significantly enhance immune responses, and the active substance might be crude polysaccharide. The mechanism of their immunoenhancement effects is partly due to enhancement of gene expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines of T cells.

Background Trans-scleral fixation of intraoculalen(IOL) hamade greaprogress,buthe long-term stability of the implanposition of IOL aftesurgery inoideal.Objective Thistudy wato investigate the relevanfactorof IOL dislocation aftetrans-scleral fixation of IOL.Methodrespective case-observational study wadesigned.The clinical datfrom 321 eyeof 321 patientwho had received trans-scleral fixation of IOL were collected.total of 263 patientcompleted the effeetive follow-up,and 164 patientwith the follow-up fomore than 5 years.No IOL dislocation occurred within 5 yearin all 263 eyes.The relationship between IOL material,IOL implantation location,the time of IOL dislocation and the intraoculapressure with IOL dislocation were analyzed.ResultIOL dislocation appeared 7-10 yearaftesurgery in 9 eyewith an incidence rate of 5.49％.Breakage of IOL suture wafound in all the eyewith IOL dislocation.Dislocation wamore frequently found in IOL performed in the oblique position than thain the horizontal position (10.0％ vs.3.5％).The rate of IOL dislocation wahighesin traumatiretinal detachmeneyes,apercentage of 33.33％.Single piece IOL wamore easily dislocated.ConclusionThe breakage of anchosuturein IOL ileading cause of IOL dislocation aftetrans-scleral fixation of intraoculalens,which may be associated with the weighresulting from the fixation procesin non-level angulaIOL.Iirecommended thaIOL should be fixed in the horizontal position.

0.05).Conclusions Neither the new nor old SIRS diagnostic criteria had a high conforning rate with neonatal critical illnesses;There was no significant difference between them in each clinical item.It shows that the new SIRS diagnostic criteria is not superior to the old one,therefore we should improve the neonatal SIRS diagnostic criteria in the future.

J6-1 cell line is the first leukemic cell line established in China. It is a multi-clone cell line infected with both EBV and HHV-6. Many cytokines, receptors and other genes were cloned from J6-1 cell line since its establishment 30 years ago. Valuable information on leukemic characteristics and functions were obtained from the studies on this cell line, which could be categorized into several research subjects. These achievements implied the unique research value of multi-clone cell lines. This comment focuses attention on research advance of the J6-1 leukemic cell line in 30 years, including heterogeneity and multi-cloning of J6-1 cells, survival mechanism of J6-1 cell populations, abnormal intercellalar communication of J6-1 cells with its significance and inspiration from J6-1 cell line.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Clone Cells ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; immunology ; Herpesvirus 6, Human ; immunology ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology

Relapse, which puzzled several generations of hematologists, is the bottle-neck of radical treatment for leukemias. The progress of Human Microbiome Project at the beginning of 21st century suggested that human body was a super-organism constituted by the core of human cells and symbiotic microorganisms. The elucidation and characterization of endogenous retrovirus and prion protein suggested the possible effects of co-evolutional microorganisms on human health. Recently, the elucidation of the roles of tunneling nanotubes in intercellular communication and transportation suggested a novel way for cellular communication and transport of oncogenic materials. The role and significance of in vivo cell fusion have been studied in more detail. On the other hand, donor cell leukemia was reported. All of these approaches provide novel insights for studying the mechanism of leukemia relapse. Based on previous work, the authors suggest the hypothesis: there are two possible mechanisms for the relapse of leukemias: the minimal residual disease (MRD) and intercellular transportation of oncogenic materials.
Cell Fusion ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Neoplasm, Residual ; pathology ; Recurrence

Up to date, eight types of human herpes viruses have been identified, all of which are ubiquitous, and usually establish latent infection in the host after primary infection. Since most of the herpes viruses are maintained in an asymptomatic form, they are often neglected. However, under some circumstances, these herpes viruses can cause fatal or severe diseases. Furthermore, the association of herpes viruses with hematopoietic malignancies is attracting researchers' attention. With the extensive development of hematopoietic stem cell and organ transplantation, reports regarding transplantation failure and complication caused by infection of human herpes virus has been increasing. Cytokine storm was firstly suggested as the mechanism of graft-versus-host diseases. In recent years, which has also been applied in the pathogenesis research of inflammation, and is supposed to play an important role in severe virus infection. In this paper, through discussing the possible role of latent infection of human herpes virus in the failure or complication of bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and in refractory leukemia, the function and significance of latent infection of human herpes virus and the cytokine storm it caused were investigated.
Cytokines ; immunology ; Hematopoietic System ; immunology ; virology ; Herpesviridae Infections ; Humans ; Virus Latency

ObjectiveTo introduce clinical experience of the modified lateral crural reverse island skin flap with two sets of blood supply system for aged ankle & foot soft tissue defect.MethodsOn the anatomy base that cutaneous artery branches of lateral crural reverse island skin flap and perforating branches of sural neurocutaneous vascular flap were originated from peroneal artery, we designed the modified lateral crural reverse island skin flap located in posterolateral cruris treated for aged ankle & foot soft tissue defect. The modified flap had two sets of blood supply system which were from lateral crural flap and sural neurocutaneous flap.ResultsAll 11 flaps survived. The skin grafting of donor sites healed well. Followed up 3-9 months, six cases were satisfactory. Five cases with extensor defect were regained by tendon transplantation after 3 months of the operations.Conclusion The modified lateral crural reverse island skin flap with two sets of blood supply system is a good method for aged ankle & foot soft tissue defect.