The molecular characterization of self-antigens expressed by human malignancies that are capable of elicitation of anti-tumor immune responses in patients has been an active field in hematology, oncology, and tumor immunology. More than 2000 tumor antigens have been identified. These significant progresses have led to the renaissance of tumor immunology and studies on novel anti-tumor immunotherapies in lymphomas, other hematologic malignancies and tumors. However, despite of the progress in the identification of these self-tumor antigens, current antigen-specific immunotherapies for tumors are far less satisfactory than that expected, which reflects the urgent need to improve our understanding on the basic principles underlying the selection of these self-tumor antigens. In order to develop more effective antigen-specific anti-tumor immunotherapies and to monitor the responses to these immunotherapies in patients with lymphomas and other malignancies, many additional questions need to be addressed. In this brief review, the progress in the identification of tumor antigens in lymphomas and other malignancies was outlined and the new principles of self-tumor antigens and their significance for future immunotherapies to these malignancies were summarized.
Antigens, Neoplasm ; classification ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Autoantigens ; classification ; immunology ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; trends ; Lymphoma ; immunology ; therapy ; Neoplasms ; immunology ; therapy

The fermentation conditions of alkaline lipase producing by Pseudomonas cepacia PCL-3 were optimized.Based on the analysis of single factorial experiments,dextrin was the most suitable carbon source,peptone and urea were the suitable compound nitrogen sources among the examined materials.Three significant factors(urea,inoculum and initial pH) were selected from the eight factors related to lipase production by Plaekett-Burman method,and were further optimized with response surface analysis.And then,steepest ascent procedures were applied to define the optimal response region of the three factors.The obtained optimal conditions were urea 0.15%,inoculum 3.05% and initial pH 8.38,under which conditions,the enzyme activity was improved from 25.37 U/ml to 48.88 U/ml,enhanced 1.93 folds.Starting from the flask conditions,the highest lipase activity of 47.69U/ml was achieved by batch fermentation in a 10 L fermentor after 52 h of the cultivation.

Adolescent ; Dentigerous Cyst ; pathology ; Humans ; Jaw Cysts ; pathology ; Male

A solution with different Cu supply levels was cultured to investigate gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accumulating plant species. Increasing Cu from 0.25 to 500 micromol/L significantly enhanced levels of GABA and histidine (His), but considerably decreased levels of aspartate (Asp) and glutamate (Glu) in the leaves. The leaf Asp level negatively correlated with leaf Cu level, while leaf GABA level positively correlated with leaf Cu level. The leaf Glu level negatively correlated with leaf GABA level in Elsholtzia splendens. The depletion of leaf Glu may be related to the enhanced synthesis of leaf GABA under Cu stress.
Copper ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Tolerance ; physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Lamiaceae ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

Objective To study the value of MSCT angiography(MSCTA)in diagnosing lower extremities arterial disease (LEAD) of diabetic foot ulcers and analyze the possible influential factors on the onset of diabetic foot ulcers.Methods 80 diabetic patients for MSCTA examination were divided into two groups by whether combined with foot ulcers.The tibial artery calcification score (TACS) and peripheral arterial occlusion index (PAOI) were calculated and the possible risk factors of diabetic foot ulcer were analyzed.Results There were 30 cases suffered with foot ulcer and 18 cases occurred lower extremity arterial occlusion (LEAO), the average PAOI was 4.40(3.60, 5.75).Non-foot ulcer cases were 50, and there were 8 cases suffered with LEAO, the average PAOI was 2.05(1.43, 3.10).Compared to patients without foot ulcer, patients with foot ulcer were older, had a lower BMI, and were more likely to have a history of tobacco use.They usually had higher TACS and severer peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD).Stepwise regression model showed that foot ulcers had significant correlation with TACS and PAOI.Partial correlation analysis showed TACS was independent from PAOI in impacting diabetic foot ulcer.Conclusion MSCTA has important clinical value in diagnosing and valuing diabetic foot ulcer LEAD.Age, smoking history,BMI,TACS and PAOI affect the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers, and TACS and PAOI are the independent risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Infection ; Infection Control ; instrumentation ; methods ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Suction ; Tracheostomy ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the morphologic changes of peripheral blood lupus cell in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and investigate its relationship with disease activity in systemic lupus ery- thematosus.Methods Modified classical blood clotting method to observe the morphological changes of pe- ripheral blood lupus cells in 80 cases with systemic lupus erythematosus.Fifty cases were in active stage,and 30 cases were in stable stage.Comparison of serum autoantibody,complement and SLEDAI were also carried out.Results There was significant association between lupus cells in special morphous and autoantibody, such as anti-double-stranded DNA antibody,anti-nucleosome antibodies,complement C3、C4 and SLEDAI(r= 0.588,P=0.056:r=0.759,P=0.135;r=-0.648,P=0.058;r=-0.589,P=0.057,r=0.686,P

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted significant attention due to minimal side effects and high treatment specificity. However, it often requires very high temperature to achieve complete tumor ablation under a single PTT. Such high temperature brings obvious thermal damage and inflammatory response to the body, affecting the therapeutic effect. In recent years, nitric oxide (NO) has been used to significantly inhibit tumor growth and enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells of temperature and drugs, thus enhancing the therapeutic effect. However, compounds as NO donors often have some disadvantages such as poor biocompatibility and untargeted delivery, etc., therefore, this medical application based on NO therapy is limited. In conclusion, the organic combination of NO donors and photothermal agents (PTAs) is expected to overcome the shortcomings of single therapy and achieve the antitumor effect of "1 + 1 > 2". In view of the rapid development of NO combining with PTT in tumor therapy, this review firstly introduces the antitumor mechanisms of different types of NO donors. Then the treatment strategy based on NO combined with PTT is discussed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of this combination therapy strategy in the clinical treatment of cancer are discussed.

A novel reverse emulsification-phase transition process was designed to prepare alginate-based nanocapsules in the present study. Ca alginate nanocapsules with an average hydrodynamic diameter below 300 nm were obtained by adjusting surfactant and alginate concentration. Instrumental analysis observations revealed a morphologically spherical shape with a relatively uniform size distribution without aggregation.?-potential measurements indicated an topically electrostatically negative nature of capsules in neutral aqueous solution. These nanocapsules were proven to have an equivalent potency to stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells originated from CD14 positive cells isolated from human peripheral blood. Protein loading via covalent conjugation was demonstrated feasible with EDC/NHS facilitated reaction between carboxyl and amino groups. These nanocapsules are considered to have important applications as a new adjuvant in cancer cell therapy, vaccine design and targeted drug delivery for active components of protein nature.