High mobility group box chromosomal protein (HMGB1), an abundant eukaryotic nonhistone chromosomal protein, is previously known as a nuclear DNA-binding protein that stabilizes the structure and function of chromatin, regulates gene transcription. Recent studies identify that extracellular HMGB1 as a late mediator of endotoxemia and sepsis.HMGB1 is released by activated macrophages,induces the release of other proinflammatory mediators,and mediates lethality when overexpressed. It may also be a key signal for eliciting immune responses to cellular injury and death.Moreover,the late kinetics of HMGB1,in compared with other proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-1,suggest that targeting HMGB1 may provide a wide and clinically accessible therapeutic window.Three independent strategies to inhibit HMGB1 release and action are now available:anti-HMGB1 antibodies,A box,and ethyl pyruvate. This review covers the general features of HMGB1 and progress in research on its newly role as a cytokine participating in the development of sepsis.

Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Femur Neck ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Humans ; Radiography ; Young Adult

Objective To compare the effect of radionuclide bone imaging and MRI in locating responsible vertebrae after osteoporotic vertebral compressive fractures (OVCF).Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 25 patients with OVCF treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP)from May 2015 to December 2015.There were 4 males and 21 females,at age range of 63-87 years [(73.3 ±6.16)years].The fractured vertebrae included 2 T4,3 T5,2 T6,2 T7,5 T8,3 T9,3 T10,7 T11,9 T12,11 L1,10 L2,2 L3,5 L4 and 1 L5.Cervical imaging examinations (X-ray,bone mineral density,MRI,radionuclide bone imaging) were performed on admission.Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were estimated before operation and 1 d after operation.Results of MRI and radionuclide bone imaging were compared.Results A total of 64 vertebrae were included in our study.Thirty-six vertebrae were recognized as fresh OVCFs by MRI,and 40 by radionuclide bone imaging.Kappa-test indicated the results of the examination methods were statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Specificity (96.6％) and accuracy (98.4％) of MRI were higher than radionuclide bone imaging bone scan (82.8％,92.2％).Conclusions Radionuclide bone imaging has a high consistency with MRI in locating responsible vertebrae after OVCF,but MRI is associated with higher specificity and accuracy.In exceptional cases,radionuclide bone imaging can partly replace MRI as a way to locate OVCF.

AIM: To investigate the feasibility and clinical effect of punctoplasty by using trabeculectomy punch combined with a novel RS tube for the treatment of punctal stenosis.METHODS: Totally 39 patients (39 eyes) with punctual stenosis were selected from October 2013 to October 2015 in the Second People`s Hospital of Foshan.All patients underwent punctoplasty by using trabeculectomy punch combined with a novel RS tube.These tubes were removed at 3mo after operation.A follow-up of 6mo was taken for final analysis.The fluorescein dye disappearance test score was recorded before the operation and at 1,3 and 6mo after the extubation.The curative effect of the operation at 6mo after the extubation was assess.RESULTS: Fluorescein dye disappearance test: the scores at 1,3 and 6mo after the extubation all decreased compared with the preoperative ones.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).At the last following up, 35 eyes (90%) were cured completely, 4 eyes (10%) were improved significantly, no patients recurred.Effective rate was 100%.No serious intraoperative and postoperative complications happened.CONCLUSION: Punctoplasty by using trabeculectomy punch combined with novel RS tubes is a safe and effective method for the punctul stenosis, which is easy to perform, with high success rate.

This paper focuses on the quality risk control and management of Chinese medicine (CM) injections. The most important technological requirements are analyzed, and a strategy for integrated pharmacology to study CM mechanism is proposed. A key technology system for quality risk control and management was further constructed. The strategy and technology system was finally applied to Shengmai injection for quality risk control and management.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; standards ; Humans ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality Control ; Risk ; Technology

Objective To verify the feasibility and accuracy in the measurement of tricuspid valve annulus diameter(TVD) in the right ventricular outflow tract view.Methods Seventy five patients under the valve replacement surgery for the left heart valve lesions were divided into mild,moderate and severe group according to the severity of the regurgitation.The TVD was get on the apical four-chamber heart viewpreoperatively by transthoracic echocardiography(TTE),noted as TTE-TVD,meanwhile it was also get by the transesophageal echocardiography on the four-chamber view (TEE-TVD),right ventricular inflow (RVIT-TVD) and outflow tract view(RVOT-TVD).The changes of tricuspid regurgitation severtity was observed preoperatively.And the morphology of tricuspid annulus were observed using both real-time three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT-3D TEE) and the quantitative software.Results Comparison in the groups:no statistically significant difference (P ＞0.05) was found between TTE-TVD,TEE-TVD and RVIT-TVD;while the RVOT-TVD was significant greater than that in the same group from other views (P ＜ 0.05).Comparison between the groups:no significant difference was found between mild and moderate regurgitation group on the same view.There was a significant difference of the TVD between the severe regurgitation group and the former two groups on each view(P ＜0.05).The severity of tricuspid regurgitation in intraoperative anesthesia was reduced.The saddle tricuspid ring evolved into the narrow planar structure on the RT-3D TEE.For the expansion of the annulus,it departure from the tricuspid septal leaflet.Conclusions TVD measured on the right ventricular outflow tract view reflect the maximum expansion of the tricuspid valve annulus diameter,and can effectively guide the decision-making choices of the surgeon.

OBJECTIVETo study influence of serum containing Liuwei Dihuang decoction (see text) on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast form neonatal SD rats cultured in vitro at different times and different stretch stress.

METHODSAfter osteoblast cultured for 24 hours in the serum containing Liuwei Dihuang decoction (see text) and serum in control group, the 0.5 Hz frequency, 6% and 12% stretch-stress were added. The MTT1 and the activity of ALP were measured at the 12th and 24th hours, and the data were analyzed.

RESULTS1. In the environment of stretch stress to the frequency of 0.5 Hz, and stretched for 24 hours, the osteoblast was stimulated under elongation rate of 6% and 12%; the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast was more active under elongation rate of 12% than that of 6%. 2. There were no stimulating effects on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation of serum containing Liuwei Dihuiang decoction (see text) acted on osteoblast cells of SD rats cultured in vitro for a shot time.

CONCLUSIONStretch stress environment can enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation cultured in vitro.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Osteoblasts ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serum ; Stress, Mechanical

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between the degree of displacement and Baumann angle in pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures by using Excel, and to guide treatment for humeral fractures of children.

METHODSFrom July 2010 to July 2011,56 children with humeral supracondylar fractures were collected (34 boys and 22 girls, 15 patients with radial deviation and 41 patients with ulnar deviation,ranging in age from 3 to 14 years). The data of the patients about fracture displacement and the Baumann angle measured by MB-Ruler were input in Excel and then were analyzed to obtain data fitting curve.

RESULTSThere were close results between two methods, and the tangent of the radial deviation was more than tangent of ulnar deviation, which indicated that the influence of ulnar deviation was stronger than that of the radial deviation in pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures,so the correction should be paid attention to in clinic. When the radial deviation coefficient was less than -0.18 and ulnar deviation coefficient was more than 0.50,the Baumann angle would change to the reverse trend, so the angle range of Baumann in clinic should be between 65.70 and 96.77 degree. When the ulnar deviation factor was more than 0.15(including 0.15) and Baumann angle more than 82 degrees(including 82 degree), cubitus varus deformity occurred inevitably,so the practices and surgical reduction should be focused on in clinic.

CONCLUSIONAccording to data curves analysis results,the influence of ulnar deviation is stronger than that of the radial deviation in pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures. When the ulnar deviation factor is more than 0.15 (including 0.15), correction should be focused on in order to prevent cubitus varus deformity.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male

OBJECTIVETo establish a more stable method to isolate osteocytes in vitro, and then to find the differences with osteoblast biological characteristics.

METHODSOsteocytes and osteoblasts were isolated from the bone tissue of 3-day-old rats using sequential collagenase digestion. The cells were identified through cell morphology after 24 hours later. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) kit was used to stain the first generation cells by Kaplow-way, the bone gla protein (BGP) of the cells were stained by immunocytochemitry. Measured ALP and computed its activity.

RESULTSOsteocytes and osteoblasts showed obviously differences in cell morphology. Osteocytes were star-shaped or dendrite-shaped within more dendrites, while osteoblasts were spindle-shaped with short dendrites. Osteocytes were negative for ALP, but osteoblasts were positive; Osteocytes were more positive for BGP, and osteoblasts were less positive. The secretion of ALP in osteocytes was lower than that of osteoblasts.

CONCLUSIONOsteocytes can be isolated and cultured in vitro. These characteristics of osteocytes are apparently difference with those of osteoblasts.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; analysis ; Animals ; Cell Separation ; methods ; Osteoblasts ; chemistry ; cytology ; Osteocalcin ; analysis ; Osteocytes ; chemistry ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo establish identifying method for further development and utilization by studying botanic morphology and blooming characteristics of four varieties of roses in Jiangsu province.

METHODFlower-bud and flower-form were observed by dissection and plant modality and blooming process were investigated.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe flower form and plant modality was obviously different among the 4 varieties of roses. The process of differentiation of flower-bud could be divided into five stages: the transformation of nutritive growth cone, the occurrence and development of sepal, formation of petal primordium, formation of pistil and stamen. The blooming process was made up of flower-bud period, display-petal period, initiating blooming period, blooming period, withering period and corresponding biological marks.

Ecosystem ; Flowers ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Morphogenesis ; Odorants ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; growth & development ; Rosa ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; growth & development