Objective To describe the understanding level of disease of children with leukemia and their ways of obtaining disease information in order to help nurses and parents to select appropriate content and manners to communicate with children about disease information.Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 children' parents using a descriptive qualitative research method,and the data were analyzed using content analysis.Results Children during remission stage of leukemia had different understanding levels of their disease.Ways of children with leukemia to obtain disease information was correlated with their mental maturity.Conclusions Disease information should be told according to children's age,disease course and level of thinking,and health professionals and parents could provide appropilate ways of obtaining information for children on basis of their mental maturity.

Objective The effect of intermittent iron supplementation weekly and twice weekly was studied in children with iron deficiency anemia(IDA). Methods Subjects were 58 children who were randomly divided into two groups. One group received a dosage of 2mg/kg Fe every 3d for 9 weeks. The other group received the same dose Fe once a week for 12 weeks. Results Hemoglobin and serum ferritin increased significantly after treatment in both groups (P ＜0.05), and zinc protoporphyrin decreased significantly (P ＜0. 05). But serum ferritin of both groups was different after 6 weeks of treatment (P ＜0. 01). The side effect of the group supplemented once every 3d was higher than that of the group once a week, but there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusion Iron sup plementation every 3d has a similar effect to once a week for treatment of IDA. The former should be used for the se rious patients for 6 weeks. The later should be used for infants and the patients whose resistance of intestines and stomach are not good.

Objective To study common Gram negative bacterial pathogens and their drug resistant pattern in sputum isolates from patients in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Chengdu children' s hospital. Methods Comparing to the period of 2004-2006 with 2007-2009, we retrospectively reviewed eligible sputum isolates of common Gram negative bacilli and their drug resistance pattern. All specimens were processed according to standard microbiological methods for both quantitative and qualitative cultures. Pathogen was the single predominant growth after two consecutive cultures. Strict quality control was used in all test agents and paper disk for drug resistance analysis. Results Total of 598 Gram negative bacterial isolates were identified in patients over 6 years. The first 5 bacteria respectively were Escherichia coli 167 samples(27.93%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 109 samples ( 18.23% ), Enterobacter cloacae 93 samples ( 15.55% ),Acinetobacter baumannii 64 samples ( 10. 7% ), Pseudomonas aeroginosa 43 samples (7. 19% ). They were mostly sensitive to Imipenam, Amikacin, Piperacillin/Tazobactam. Most drug resistance rate was found in Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Cephalosporin. Apart from Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Acinetobacter Baumannii,no Gram negative bacteria was found to be resistant to Imipenam. Klebsiella pneumoniae and ESBL secreting Escherichia coli isolates were obviously increasing when compared to 3 years ago. Conclusion Comparing the period of 2004-2006, the Gram negative bacterial isolates were increasing in our PICU patients during 2007 to 2009. Close monitoring of drug resistance pattern changes in PICU would guide rational use of antibiotics in these critically ill children.

Diabetic retinopathy is a series of typical pathological changes in retinal microvasculature caused by diabetes,which seriously affects the visual acuity and quality of life of patients.The development of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography provides a new approach to elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy,and this paper will give a brief review on the latest progress in the relationship between choroidal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography and diagnosis-treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hodgkin Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lewis X Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Young Adult

Adult ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Facial Dermatoses ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Pseudolymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Granzymes ; metabolism ; Histiocytic Sarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymph Nodes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue ; metabolism ; pathology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Objective To investigate the cytolytic activity of extracellular cytolytic toxin rVVC of Vibrio vulnificus on the apoptosis of human ECV304 cells, and to analyze the activities of Caspase-3,-8 and -9. Methods The cytotoxic effect of refolded rVVC on the growth and apoptosis of ECV304 cells was identified by MTT, Hochest33342/PI fluorescent staining, flow cytometry and DNA agarose electrophoresis analysis, respectively. The activities of Caspase-3, -8 and -9 was measured using a colorimetric method. Results The viability of human ECV304 cells exposed to rVVC was inhibited by rVVC after 24 h. 2.0 HU/ml rVVC groups had a better cytotoxic effect to human ECV304 than that of 0.5 HU /ml rVVC groups. The apoptosis of human ECV304 cells in 2.0 HU/ml rVVC+40 μmol/L Z-VAD-FMK groups was relative reduced than that of 2.0 HU/ml of rVVC groups. After 0.5 h treatment with 2.0 HU/ml of rVVC, the Caspase-3 activity in human ECV304 cells increased gradually and reached the peak at 3 h (versus control groups, P<0.01). The activity of Caspase-8 and -9 remained unchanging. Conclusion The rVVC has cytotoxic effect on human ECV304 and the cytolysin is probably correlated with Caspase-3.

Objective To retrospectively evaluate the mammographic features of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)and DCIS with small invasive foci,and to analyze the correlation between the mammographic findings and the prognostic biologic factors.Methods The mammographic examination was performed in 95 consecutive women with breast DCIS(n = 50)and DCIS with invasive foci(n = 45 ).The prognostic biologic factors including progesterone receptor(PR),C-erbB-2,and p53 were evaluated in 62 of 95 cases.Categorical data were expressed as percentages and analyzed by using the X~2 test,and furthermore the odds ratio was measured.Results(1)Only one abnormality was seen on mammography in 62 patients. Combined two abnormalities on mammography were seen in 26 patients.Mammograms were normal in 7 patients.(2)Calcifications with or without other abnormality were noted in 62 cases.Of them,73% (n =45)had higher probability of malignancy calcifications and the others were intermediate concern calcifications.Clustered calcifications(36 lesions)was the most common distribution,which usually accompanied by another abnormality.And then were segmental(18 lesions)distributed pattern.As far as the shape of mass (n = 22)was concerned,the oval shaped lesion(13 cases)was the most common,and the margin of the mass appeared as ill-defined in 15 eases,microlobulated in 1,circumscribed in 4,and obscured in 2,respectively.Isodensity mass had a higher frequency in this group(12/22,55%).Other non-calcification findings included architecture distortion(7 cases),local asymmetry (15 cases),global asymmetry (5 cases),and solitary dilated duct (3 cases),and most of them accompanied with other signs. (3)For expression profile of the biological factors,significant differences were found among malignant calcification group,intermediate concern calcification group,and non-calcification group. The odds of PR positive for the lesions noted as non-calcification were 11.00 times higher (X~2 =8.571 ,P=0.003 ;95% CI, 1.998—60.572)than the lesions noted as intermediate concern calcifications,and 8.80 times higher (X~2 = 9.748,P=0.002 ;95% CI,2.024—38.253)than the lesions noted as malignant calcifications.The odds of C-erbB-2 positive for the lesions showed as malignant calcifications were 12.35 times higher (X~2=7.353, P=0.007 ;95% CI,1.447—105.443)than the lesions showed as non-calcification,and 5.74 times higher (X~2=4.977,P = 0.026;95% CI,1.110—29.645)than the lesions showed as intermediate concern calcifications.Conclusion The mammographic features of DCIS and DCIS with small invasive foci were characteristic.Mammographic findings could be a prognostic markers,which could provide a possibility for making a treatment plan.

Adult ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Complement 3d ; metabolism ; Submandibular Gland Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Young Adult