BACKGROUND: The water extract of white mulberry root-bark plays certain roles in decreasing the blood glucose and blood lipids of rats, antagonizing inflammation and analgesia, relieving asthma and inducing diuresis,as well as relaxing the smooth muscle.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hypoxic tolerance of white mulberry rootbark by using the hypoxic tolerance test under normal pressure, rapid head-cut test and the test of isoproterenol in enhancing myocardial oxygen consumption.DESIGN: A randomized control study.SETTING: Department of Pathology and Department of Pharmacology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiments were conducted in the laboratory of the Scientific Research Center of Gannan Medical College between May and June in 2003. Totally 106 healthy adult Kunming mice were used in the following three independent experiments. The white mulberry root-bark extract was provided by the Department of Pharmacology of Gannan Medical College, injection of propranolole hydrochloride by Beijing Pharmaceutical Factory.METHODS: ① Hypoxic tolerance test under normal pressure: Forty mice were divided into four groups with 10 mice in each group according to the method of random number table: saline group, propranolol group, white mulberry root-bark extract groups treated with 0.10 and 0.20 mL/g respectively, and the mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.02 mg/g), propranolol (10 g/L), white mulberry root-bark extract (0.10 and 0.20 mL/g) respectively. After 15 minutes,the mice in the groups were placed into the enclosed 250mL ground and wide mouthed bottles separately, and the survival time of the mice was observed by taking the last breath as the index. ② Rapid headcut test: Thirty mice were divided into three groups with 10 mice in each group according to the method of random number table: saline group, white mulberry root-bark extract groups treated with 0.10 and 0.20 mL/g respectively, and the mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.02 mg/g), white mulberry root-bark extract (0.10and 0.20 mL/g) respectively. After 15 minutes, the heads of the mice were rapidly cut down without anesthesia, and the time from cutting head to the last breath was recorded. ③ Test of isoproterenol in enhancing myocardial oxygen consumption: Thirty-six mice were divided into three groups with 12 mice in each group according to the method of random number table: saline group, isoproterenol group and white mulberry root-bark extract group treated with 0.10 mL/g. In the saline group, the mice were injected with saline subcutaneously (0.03 mL/g),and then intraperitoneally (0.02 mL/g) after 5 minutes. In the isoproterenol group, the mice were firstly treated with subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (0.015 mg/g), and the intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.02 mL/g) was given after 5 minutes. In the white mulberry root-bark extract group treated with 0.10 mL/g, the mice were firstly injected subcutaneously with isoproterenol (0.015 mg/g), and then injected intraperitoneally with white mulberry root-bark extract (0.01 mL/g)was given after 5 minutes. After 15 minutes, the mice were placed into the enclosed wide mouthed bottles separately, and the survival time of the mice was observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The survival time of mice in each group was observed in the three independent experiments.RESULTS: All the 106 healthy adult Kunming mice were involved in the analysis of results. ① Effect of white mulberry root-bark extract on the survival time of mice in the condition of hypoxic tolerance under normal pressure: As compared with the saline group, the survival times in the propranolol group and white mulberry root-bark extract groups treated with0.10 and 0.20 mL/g were obviously prolonged [(36.2±4.3), (81.0±17.0), (66.4±8.9), (90.3±7.4) minutes, t=3.358-3.617,P ＜ 0.01]. ② Effect of white mulberry root-bark extract on the survival time of mice under the condition of cerebral ischemia: As compared with the saline group, the times from cutting head to the last breath in the white mulberry root-bark extract groups treated with 0.10 and 0.20 mL/g were obviously prolonged [(17.8±1.3), (21.2±0.8), (23.5±0.7) minutes, t=2.824-3.432, P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01]. ③ Effect of white mulberry root-bark extract on the survival time of mice under the condition of myocardial oxygen consumption enhanced by isoproterenol: As compared with the saline group, the survival time in the isoproterenol group was obviously shortened, but those in the white mulberry rootbark extract groups treated with 0.10 and 0.20 mL/g were markedly prolonged [(36.2±4.3), (27.9±2.6), (50.6±3.4) minutes, t=2.734-3.035, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: White mulberry root-bark extract has obvious effect on hypoxic tolerance.

BACKGROUND: It has been considered that Cestrum nocturnum L. (CNL) has the effects of antiarrhythmia, local anesthesia and central inhibition.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the analgesic effect of CNL extract on mice,so as to find new drugs for clinical treatment of pain.DESIGN: A randomized control observation.SETTING: Center of Modern Education and Department of Pharmacology,Gannan Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of scientific research center, Gannan Medical College between March and April in 2005. ① A total of 150 healthy adult Kunming mice were used in four independent experiments. ② Drugs: CNL extract was provided by the Department of Phytochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (batch number: 2002080901), morphine hydrochloride injection by Shenyang No.1Pharmaceutical Factory (batch number: 000305), and naloxone hydrochloride injection by Yanqiao (Hunan) Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., (batch number:20021109).METHODS: ① Effects of CNL extract on writhing times induced by acetic acid: Forty female mice were randomly divided into four groups with10 mice in each, and they were treated with intraperitoneal injections of 0.02 mL/g saline, 0.10 and 0.20 mg/g CNL extract and 0.10 mg/g aminophenazone respectively. The intraperineal injection of 6 g/L glacial acetic acid was given after 15 minutes. The writhing times of mice within 15 minutes were observed and recorded in each group. ② Effects of CNL extract on the pain induced by hot pla in mice: Forty female mice were randomly divided into four groups with 10 mice in each, and they were treated with intraperineal injections of 0.02 mL/g saline, 0. 10 and 0.20 mg/g CNL extract and 0.10 mg/g morphine respectively. The pain responses were detected at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after administration. ③ The antagonistic effect of naloxone on morphine and CNL extract to the pain induced by hot plate in mice: Thirty female mice were randomly divided into three groups ith 10 mice in each group, and they were given intraperitoneal injections of 0.02 mL/g saline, naloxone 0.004 mg/g +morphine 0.01 mg/g and naloxone 0.004 mg/g+CNL extract 0.01 mg/g respectively. The pain responses were detected at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after administration respectively. ④ Effects of CNL extract on electrostimulation induced pain in mice: Forty mice were randomly divided into four groups with 10 mice in ach group, and they were administrated with intraperineal injections of 0.02 mL/g saline, 0.10 and 0.20 mg/g CNL extract and 1 g/L morphine respectively. Repeated electrostimulations were given at 20, 35, 50 and 70minutes after administration, and the pain responses were detected by means of electrostimulation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Writhing times; ② Time for the pain response induced by hot plate; ③ Analgesic rate induced by electrostimulation.RESULTS: Totally 150 healthy adult Kunming mice were used in the four independent experiments, and all were involved in the analysis of results. ①Writhing times in the mice: 0.10 and 0.20 mg/g CNL extracts and 0.10 mg/g aminophenazone had very significant analgesic effects on writhing induced byacetic acid in mice, and the writhing times after administration were all fewer than those in the saline group (20.2±10.8, 14.5±7.6, 7.6±4.5,50.6±15.5, P ＜ 0.01), and the analgesic effects of CNL extract were dosedependently. ② Time for the pain response induced by hot plate: 0.10 and 0.20 mg/g CNL extracts had significant analgesic effects on the pain in duced by hot plate, and the time for pain sensation at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after administration were all longer than those in the saline group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01), and the analgesic effect was dose-dependently. The times for pain sensation at each time point after administration in the naloxone 0.004 mg/g+CNL extract 0.01 mg/g group were all longer than those in the saline group, but those were close between the naloxone 0.004 mg/g+morphine 0.01 mg/g group and the saline group. ③ Analgesic rate induced by electrostimulation in the mice: The analgesic rates at20, 35, 50 and 70minutes after administration in the CNL extract 0.10 and 0.20 mg/g groups were all higher than those in the saline group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that CNL extract has obvious analgesic effect, and the analgesic intensity is dose-dependently. Naloxone, an opiate receptor antagonist, can antagonize the analgesic effect of morphine,but cannot antagonize that of CNL extract on mice with pain induced by hot plate, which indicates that CNL extract exert its analgesic role not through binding with opiate receptor.

BACKGROUND: As a plant in valerianaceae, patrina villosa juss, which characterizes by acrid and bitter in taste and cold in nature, has been proved that its extract has effect on central inhibition.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of patrina villosa juss extract on hypoxia tolerance of mice and acknowledge whether it has dosage-dependence or not.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Pharmacological Department and Pathological Department of Gannan Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed at the Laboratory of Scientific Research Center of Gannan Medical College from March to April 2005. A total of 100 healthy adult Kunming mice were selected in three hypoxia experiments.METHODS: ① Hypoxia tolerance experiment under normal pressure:Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Mice were injected intravenously with 2 μL/g saline in saline group, with 0.02 mg/g propranolol solution (10 g/L) in propranolol group, with 0.02 mg/g patrina villosa juss extract in 0.02 mg/g patrina villosa juss group, and 0.04 mg/g patrina villosa juss extract in 0.04 mg/g patrina villosa juss group, respectively. Twenty-five minutes later, mice were put into wide mouthed bottle with the volume of 250 mL and the bottle was enclosed to observe the survival time. ② Rapid decapitation experiment: Thirty mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. Mice were injected intravenously with 2 μL/g saline in saline group, with 0.02 mg/g patrina villosa juss extract in 0.02 mg/g patrina villosa juss group, and 0.04 mg/g patrina villosa juss extract in 0.04 mg/g patrina villosa juss group, respectively. Twenty-five minutes later, heads of mice were cut rapidly to record the time from decapitation to the last gasp. ③ Experiment for ligating bilateral common carotid artery: Thirty mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. Mice were perfused with 2 μL/g saline in saline group, with 0.01 mg/g patrina villosa juss extract in 0.01 mg/g patrina villosa juss group, and 0.015 mg/g patrina villosa juss extract in 0.015 mg/g patrina villosa juss group, respectively, once a day for 7 days in total. Seven days later, bilateral common carotid artery was ligated to observe time of respiratory arrest.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Survival time of hypoxia tolerance;② time from decapitation to the last gasp; ③ time from ligating bilateral common carotid artery to respiratory arrest.RESULTS: A total of 100 mice were involved in the final analysis. ① Survival time of hypoxia tolerance under normal pressure: Time in 0.02 mg/g and 0.04 mg/g patrina villosa juss groups was longer than that in saline group [(57.8±4.6), (76.2±4.9), (42.5±3.6) minutes, P ＜ 0.05, 0.01], but there was no significant difference from that in propranolol group (P ＞ 0.05).The higher the dosage was, the longer the survival time was. ② Gasping time of decapitation mice: Time in 0.02 mg/g and 0.04 mg/g patrina villosa juss groups was longer than that in saline group [(22.1 ±1.6),(25.3±2.2), (18.6±0.8) s, P ＜ 0.05, 0.01], and the higher the dosage was, the longer the survival time was. ③ Time of respiratory arrest: Time in 0.01 mg/g and 0.015 mg/g patrina villosa juss groups was longer than that in saline group [(123.4±25.1),(142.2±30.2), (86.0±12.8) s, P ＜ 0.05, 0.01], and the higher the dosage was, the longer the survival time was.CONCLUSION: Patrina villosa juss extract can improve symptom of myocardial hypoxia induced by cerebral hypoxia, whole-body hypoxia and increase of myocardial oxygen consumption; moreover, the higher the dosage is, the more remarkable the effect is. The mechanism is of possibility that patrina villosa juss extract can improve myocardial and cerebral oxygen consumption.

Aim To explore the therapeutic effects of 3′-daidzein sulfonate sodium(DSS) on isolated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and the relation of its mechanism to anti-oxidation.Methods An isolated rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was made,and the injury was treated with DSS.Following the treatment,the coronary blood flow levels,left ventricular systolic pressure,and activities of enzymes(LDH,SOD,GSH-Px) were measured.Results After treatment,the isolated myocardial tissue showed an increase in the volume of perfusion and an increase in the enzymatic activities of LDH,SOD,GSH-Px in the myocardial tissue.Conclusion DSS has a therapeutic effect on isolated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury because it enhances anti-oxidative activity in myocardial tissue.

Objective: To explore influence of coping style on sleep quality and blood pressure in community male population with high normal value blood pressure. Methods: The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and coping style questionnaire (CSQ) were used to assess 120 men with high normal blood pressure in community. With PSQI>7 scores as criterion for judging sleep quality disorders, the subjects were divided into sleep disorder group (n=51) and normal sleep group (n=69), and sleep disorder group received psychological intervention. Results: Sleep disorders existed in 42.5% male population with high normal blood pressure. Compared with normal sleep group, there was significant increase in PSQI [（6.43±2.59）scores vs. (8.33±3.14）scores] and diastolic blood pressure [(81.00±8.91) mmHg vs. (88.00±5.69) mmHg] and significant decrease in factor scores of “problem solving” [(0.76±0.21) scores vs. (0.61±0.18) scores] and “asking for help” [(0.52±0.26) scores vs. (0.41±0.11) scores] in sleep disorder group, P<0.05 all; Compared with before intervention there were significant increase in scores of “problem solving” [(0.61±0.18) scores vs. (0.71±0.12) scores]and “asking for help” [(0.41±0.11) scores vs. ( 0.51±0.13) scores]and significant decrease in PSQI score [(8.33±3.14) scores vs. (7.41±2.37) scores] and diastolic blood pressure [(88±5.69)mmHg vs. (80± 4.17)mmHg] after psychological intervention 12 weeks in sleep disorder group, P<0.05 all. Conclusion: Psychological intervention may improve sleep quality and reduce blood pressure in community male population with high normal value blood pressure.

AIM: To discuss the effect of wearing customized curvature soft corneal contact lens to dry eye degree of flight attendants.
METHODS:Eighty cases (160 eyes) of flight attendants from China Southern were divided into two groups:control group 40 cases ( 80 eyes ) wearing ready-made Bausch soft corneal contact lens ( curvature 8. 4 ); the experiment group 40 cases ( 80 eyes ) , wearing Bausch soft corneal contact lens with customized curvature. Tear break-up time ( BUT ) , Schirmer Ⅰ test ( SⅠt ) and fluorescein ( FL ) staining were as dry eye evaluation index. The results was statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: BUT, SⅠt average shortening value of the experimental group were less than that of the control group, there was statistical significance (P<0. 01). FL staining positive increase, the number of experimental group was fewer than that of control group, with statistical significance (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Wearing customized curvature soft corneal contact lens can prevent the flight dry eye more effectively than fixed curvature product.

Objective To observe the protective effects of genistein sodium sulfonate(GSS)on mice chronic hepatic injury in-duced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4 )and its influence on the protein expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)in liver tissue.Methods 60 SPF grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups,in-cluding the control group,model group,low and high doses GSS groups,and positive control group,12 cases in each group.Except for the control group,the other 4 groups were intra peritoneally injected by 10 % CCl4 with a volume of 0.1 mL/10 g for 6 weeks. The mice chronic liver injury was prepared.At the same time,the high and low doses DSS groups were given the different doses of GSS(0.30,0.10 mg/kg),the positive control group was given bifendate(DDB,2.5mg/kg),the control group and the model group were given the equal volume of normal saline for 6 consecutive weeks.The AST and ALT activity was detect and the ratio of ALT/AST was calculated;the Western blot method was used to detect the expression levels ofα7nAChR and IL-1βprotein in liver.Re-sults The serum levels of ALT and AST in the model group were increased obviously,and the expression level ofα7nAChR in the liver tissue was decreased,while the expression level of IL-1βwas increased;after the GSS treatment,the serum AST and ALT lev-els were significantly lower than those in the model group(P <0.05),while the expression level ofα7nAChR was increased (P <0.01)and the expression level of IL-1βwas decreased(P <0.05).Conclusion GSS might increase the expression ofα7nAChR in injured liver tissue,activates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway,thus decreases the expression of inflammatory cytokines and antagonizes the mice chronic liver injury by inhibiting the inflammatory reaction.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatments of endometrioid carcinoma patients with preoperative diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia.Methods From 2005 to 2010, 404 patients were diagnosed with endometrioid carcinoma after hysterectomy.Among these patients,44 of them were diagnosed atypical endometrial hyperplasia(AEH) preoperatively.Retrospectively analysis the characteristics of these patients with SPSS13.0.Results Among the 44 cases, all of them were grade G1 disease, and 39 of them received comprehensive staging surgery.14(32%)young cases preserved bilateral ovaries.9 cases(20%) were given adjuvant radiology.No recurrence was detected during the median follow up of 52 months.Compared to the premenstrual group, although no statistical difference was detected, more patients with risk factors of deep myometrium invasion(4/22 vs 1/22) and lymph-vascular space invasion(LVSI, 3/22 vs 0/22) in the postmenstrual group.Compared to the patients who diagnosed with endometrioid cancer(EC) preoperatively, there are more patients with grade G1(P=0.000), fewer patients received adjuvant chemotherapy(P=0.003) and fewer recurrence(P=0.019) in AEH group.Conclusions The endomtrioid cancer patients who diagnosed with atypical hyperplasia preoperatively have better prognosis.Hysterectomy with bilateral ovaries preserved is acceptable in young patients.Post menopause patients have more risk factors of deep myometrium invasion and LVSI.

Objective To summarize the experiences in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairing for adult patients. Methods Clinical data of 512 hernia cases admitted in our center from March 2007 to Sep 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 437 cases of single-sided hernia,including 281 indirect inguinal hernia,86 direct inguinal hernia,15 femoral hernia,16 combined inguinal hernia and 39 recurrent hernia.There were also 75 cases of double-sided inguinal hernia,including 3 recurrent hernia.There were 41 acute incarcerated hernia cases.The average postoperative follow up time was(29 ± 12) months. Results 507 cases underwent successful laparoscopic repair,and 5 cases were converted to open procedure.There were 238 TAPP and 269 TEP in laparoscopic operations.The average operative time for TAPP was (69 ±19) min,and (58 ±15) min for TEP.The average length of postoperative stay was (5.0 ± 1.5) days.The percentage of resuming normal activity after 2 weeks and 4 weeks were 95.7％ (485/507) and 99.0％(502/507).The most common postoperative complications were seroma (9.7％,49/507),transient paresthesia (4.1％,21/507) and chronic pain (0.8％,4/507).The recurrence rate was 0.6％ (3/507).Conclusions Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia has the advantage of less trauma,faster recovery,and lower recurrence rate.

Objective To investigate the change patterns of operation time of laparoscopic appendectomy and its significance. Methods The clinical data of 105 consecutive patients with appendicitis who received laparoscopic appendectomy at the Southwest Hospital from January 2007 to March 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 105 patients, five were converted to open surgery, and they were excluded from this study.The changes in operation time of different surgeons were statistically analyzed to detect the change patterns of the learning curve in laparoscopic appendectomy. Results A hundred cases of laparoscopic appendectomy were successfully performed by three surgeons. The mean operation time was ( 87 ± 36 ) minutes ( range, 30-217 minutes). No surgical injury happened during the operation, and the blood loss was under 10 ml. The learning curve of operation time was presented as a sine curve with an oscillating decreasing trend. The primary two cycles end at an average of 9.6 cases, which could be used as the end point of the learning curve of laparoscopic appendectomy. Conclusions The learning curve of laparoscopic appendectomy shows a typical oscillating decreasing trend. The preliminary study ends when 9.6 cases of operation are completed.