Posterior circulation ischemia (PCI) is a common disease and frequent encountered disease in clinical practice. It refers to the transient ischemic attack and the cerebral infarction in vertebral-basilar artery system. Vertebral aretery atherosclerosis is one of the common causes of PCI. Imaging examinations for PCI include transcranial Doppler (TCD), digital subtraction angiography (DSA), computerized tomographic angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) and so on. TCD can serve as initial screening tool in diagnosis of PCI. DSA is still thegold standardin diagnosis of vertebral-basilar abnormalities, although the operation injury and photography drugs poisonousness have not been resolved. CTA has almost the same defects as DSA, while MRA is noninvasive. Some researches have reposed that MRA can exaggerate the vertebral artery depression level. The inner diameter and hemodynamics of the vertebral artery can be accurately measured by CDU, and it can be seen as a noninvasive examination for PCI,which is direct, accurate, convenient and repeatable. It can provide positive evidence for diagnosis and treatment of PCI. This article reviews the progess of CDU in diagnosis of vertebral aretery atherosclerosis.

Air ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Styrenes ; analysis ; Workplace

Castleman Disease ; complications ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; complications ; Pemphigus ; complications

AIM: To determine the contents of tetrandrine and fangchinoline in Qingshenjianfei Tablets by RP-HPLC. METHODS:In this method Zorbax C 18 column was used, and methanol—0.3%diethylamine (75∶25) as a mobile phase , the detection wavelength was at 242 nm. RESULTS:The recovery of tetrandrine was 103.65% and RSD was 1.59% .The recovery of fangchinoline was 97.11% and RSD was 1.91% (n=6). CONCLUSION: This method is simple,quick,reproducible and can be used for the quantitative analysis。

Objective To study absorption characteristic of dioscin from Dioscorea nipponica Makino extract in rat intestine.Methods Single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model was used for rat in situ and HPLC was used to determine the concentrations of dioscin.The effects of different intestinal segments,drug concentration and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor on intestinal absorption were investigated.Results Dioscin could be absorbed in the whole intestine,the absorption rate constant (Ka) and the apparent coefficient (Papp) of dioscin decreased following the sequence of ileum > duodenum =jejunum > colon.Absorption parameters of dioscin had no significant difference at different concentrations (40,80,120 mg·L-1).There were significant differences in Ka and Papp values between P-gp inhibitor group and no P-gp inhibitor group(P<0.05).Conclusion The saturate phenomena was not observed under the test range of drug concentration,and the absorption mechanism may be passive diffusion transport.Dioscin in Dioscorea nipponica Makino extract may be the substrate of P-gp.

Objective: To study the impact of interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) inhibition on apoptosis of human aortic adventitial fibroblasts (HAAFs). Methods: Our research included 3 groups: ① IFI16-siRNA group, specific small interference RNAs (siRNAs) of IFI16 were transfected into HAAFs in vitro to make IFI16 gene silence, ②Con-siRNA group, non-specific siRNAs were transfected into HAAFs as negative control and ③Untreated HAAFs group, blank control. HAAFs cell cycle and apoptosis rate were examined by flow cytometry, IFI16 mRNA expression was measured by real time qRT-PCR, protein expressions of IFI16, p53, p21, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot analysis. Results: Compared with Con-siRNA group and Untreated HAAFs group, IFI16-siRNA group showed decreased apoptosis rate of HAAFs (3.33±0.41) % vs (7.42±1.51) % and (6.49±1.10) %, P<0.05, reduced ratio of G0/G1 phase cells (56.64 ± 4.77 ) % vs (69.67±3.54) % and (68.29±4.14) %, P<0.05, while increased ratio of S phase cells (25.23±5.19)% vs (13.76±2.07) % and (14.04±3.00) %, P<0.05. Meanwhile, IFI16-siRNA group presented down-regulated IFI16 mRNA and protein expressions, decreased protein levels of p53, p21, Bax and increased protein level of Bcl-2, all P<0.05. Conclusion: Inhibited IFI16 expression could decrease HAAFs apoptosis, promote cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase which might be related to the suppression of p53/p21 signaling pathway and regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 expression.

Objective To conduct comparative study of vertebral artery blood flow of arteriosclerosis patients and healthy people using color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS),and to discuss the effect of arteriosclerosis on vertebral arterial blood flow.Methods Two hundred and eighty-five cases of vertebral artery test were collected and divided in to normal group of one hundred and thirty-five cases and vertebral artery sclerosis group of one hundred and fifty cases according to the presence of vertebral artery sclerosis.Time averaged maximum velocity (TAMV) and vertebral artery diameter(D) of vertebral artery were measured using CDUS technique.Unilateral vertebral artery blood flow and total blood flow were calculated.Results The vertebral artery TAMV and total blood flow of arteriosclerosis group was both lower than that of normal group (P＜0.05).Left side vertebral artery diameters of the two groups were higher than that of the right side.Conclusions Arteriosclerosis can reduce vertebral artery TAMV and blood flow.The inner diameter of the left side vertebral artery dominates the artery blood flow.

Objective To investigate the correlation of ankle-brachial index( ABI)., color doppler ultrasound spectrum and toe-brachial index (TBI) of lower extremity artery in diabetic patients. Methods ABI, TBI and color doppler ultrasound spectrum measurement were carried out on 109 lower extremity artery of 55 diabetic patients. Croups were assigned according to ABI and TBI values and the correlation of ABI and color doppler ultrasound spectrum as well as ABI and TBI. Results The changes of ABI and of color doppler ultrasound spectrum in Group A1(0.9

Traditional Chinese medicine Polygoni Multiflori Radix is dried roots of Polygonaceae Polygortum multiflorum Thunb. Its clinical application records were first discovered in literatures of the Tang dynasty. The origins, efficacy, toxicity, processing and taboos of Polygoni Multiflori Radix have been discussed in many ancient herb literatures. In recent years, with the increase in the public awareness in health, Polygoni Multiflori Radix admits preparations have been more widely applied in the treatment and prevention of diseases. However, there have been more and more reports about Polygoni Multiflori Radix induced liver injury, the safety of Polygoni Multiflori Radix has increasingly attracted attention of the society. In this paper, the authors summarized and analyzed the toxicity and medication risk factors of Polygoni Multiflori Radix recorded in ancient herb literatures, and proposed that more attention shall be given to the effect of the planting and processing methods on the components and toxicity of Polygoni Multiflori Radix in safety studies, which provides clues for the further studies.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; history ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Polygonum ; adverse effects ; Risk Assessment

The renal toxicity and mutagenicity of aristolochic acid (AA) as well as its carcinogenicity on upper urinary tract transitional epithelial cells have been widely known. Since 2003, drug regulatory departments have successively cancelled the quality standards for AA-containing medicines such as Aristolochiae Radix, Aristolochiae Manshuriensis Caulis and Aristolchiae Fangchi Radix, and adopted measures for strengthening regulation and revising package insert or quality standards for other AA-containing medicines, including Aristolochia Cinnabarina Radix, Aristolochiae Fructus, Aristolochiae Mollissimae Herba, in order to control its safety risk. In recent years, domestic and foreign studies on AA have mainly involved action mechanism and clinical performance of AA toxicity, early-stage diagnosis and treatment method. In this paper, authors gave a brief summary and evaluation on risk factors for using AA-containing medicines, and offered measures and suggestions for preventing and controlling AA toxicity.
Animals ; Aristolochia ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Aristolochic Acids ; analysis ; therapeutic use ; toxicity ; Drug Therapy ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; therapeutic use ; toxicity ; Humans