This article introduced the development and application effect appraisal of Microbial Engineering CAI courseware for bio-engineering specialization. The courseware focuses on knowledge system integrity, content-rich and gives prominence to the key points. Pictures, animation and video, and audio effects are also utilized appropriately to achieving stimulate students interest in learning and then improve teaching and learning performance. The courseware concentrates on core content of the course, such as fermentation parameters detection and automatic control, and fermentation equipments. The courseware was manufactured using the Powerpoint software. Animation was established with Flash 4 software and the scanning pattern was edited using Adobe photoshop. And chapters of the courseware were composed and administrated using Courseware Master Software. A two-year survey showed that 85% of students satisfied with this courseware.

Objective To observe the alterations of Sirt1 and mTOR activity in gastrocnemius muscles of mice with sarcopenia. Methods Aged (26 months old) and young (6 months old) male C57BL/6J mice (n=16,respective-ly) were randomly arranged into 2 groups respectively, i. e. middle-aged control ( MC) , middle-aged suspension ( MS) , aged control( AC) and aged suspension( AS) . Aged mice were hindlimb suspended for two weeks to estab-lish a sarcopenic model. Kits and Western blot were used to detecte related factors and protein expression of Sirt1 and mTOR pathway. Results 1) the content of NAD+and the ratio of NAD+/NADH: AC group was significantly lower than MC group ( P＜0.01 or P＜0.05) , HLS group was significantly less than the control group ( P＜0.01 or P＜0.05) . 2) Sirt1 expression: AC group was significantly higher than MC group ( P＜0.05) , and HLS group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).3)Sirt1 downstream substrates (PGC-1α, FOXO1 and P53), NAMPT protein expression and Sirt1 activity: AC group was significantly lower than MC group ( P＜0.05 or P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) , HLS group was significantly less than the control group ( P＜0.05 or P＜0.05 or P＜0.05) . 4) phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K and 4E-BP1: AC group was significantly higher than MC group ( P＜0.05) , HLS group was significantly less than the control group ( P＜0.05) . Conclusions Sirt1 and mTOR are involved in the pathogenesis of mice with sarcopenia.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; epidemiology ; Helicobacter pylori ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients ; statistics & numerical data ; Leprosy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged

AIM: To evaluate the effects of the extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops in basic tears secretory volume, tear film stability, expression of androgen receptors(AR) in castrated rats with dry eye, and to investigate the therapeutic effects of extract of Buddleja officinalis on dry eye caused by gonadal hormones level imbalance. METHODS:A total of 45 Wistar masculinity rats were divided at random into 9 groups, including normal group(A1,A2 and A3), model group(B1,B2 and B3), therapy group with extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops(C1,C2 and C3). The "1" stood for being fed for 1 month, and "2" for 2 months, and "3" for 3 months. The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy on group B,C. Group C was treated with Buddleja officinalis extract eye drops for one month. All rats were checked with Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠt) and tear film break-up time (BUT). Expression of AR was analyzed by flow cytometer(FCM). RESULTS:The SⅠt value of group C was significantly higher than that of group B (P<0.01) and the BUT value of group C was significantly longer than that of group B (P<0.01), which indicated the eye drop could significantly keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability. And the expression of AR of group C was much higher than that of group B,which showed that available composition of the eye drops maybe display androgen-like activity.CONCLUSION:The main components of extract of Buddleja officinalis is the flavonoids which could significantly inhibit happening of dry eye of rat after androgen level lowered. Its mechanism is like androgen's and it could display androgen-like activity to keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a computer-controlled periodontal ligament (PDL) injection system to the local soft tissues as the primary technique in endodontic access to mandibular posterior teeth in patients with irreversible pulpitis.
Methods A total of 162 Chinese patients who had been diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis in their mandibular posterior teeth without acute infection or inflammation in the periodontal tissues were enrolled in this clinical study. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the position of the involved tooth:the premolar group (PM, n=38), first molar group (FM, n=66), and second molar group (SM, n=58). All the patients received computer-controlled PDL injection with 4%articaine and 1∶100 000 epinephrine. Immediately after the injection, endodontic access was performed, and the degree of pain during the treatment was evaluated by the patients using Visual Analogue Scale for pain. The success rates were compared among the 3 groups. The responses of local soft tissues were evaluated 3-8 days and 3 weeks after the procedure.
Results The overall success rate was 76.5%. There was a significant difference in success rates among the PM, FM, and SM groups (92.1%, 53.0%, 93.1%, respectively;χ2=34.3, P<0.01). Both the PM and SM groups showed higher success rates than that of the FM group (v=1, χ2=16.73, P<0.01; v=1, χ2=24.5, P<0.01). No irreversible adverse effects on the periodontal soft tissues at the injection sites were observed in the follow-up visits in any of the groups.
Conclusion The computer-controlled PDL injection system demonstrates both satisfactory anesthetic effects and safety in local soft tissues as primary anesthetic technique in endodontic access to the mandibular posterior teeth in patients with irreversible pulpitis.

Objective: To investigate the trend in incidence of stroke in Nanshan District, Shenzhen City from 2010 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the integrated strategy for stroke control. Methods: The data of stroke morbidity in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021 were collected through Shenzhen Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Management System. The incidence of stroke was calculated, and standardized by the population of the Chinese Sixth National Census in 2010. The trends in stroke incidence were evaluated in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021 using annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC), and gender-, age- and subtype-specific incidence of stroke was descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 30 377 cases with stroke were reported in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021, with a crude incidence rate of 190.45/105 and a standardized incidence rate of 405.65/105. The crude incidence rate of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021 (APC=5.38%, t=4.678, P=0.001), and a higher crude incidence rate of stroke was seen among men than among women (227.57/105 vs. 148.40/105; χ2=1 309.580, P<0.001). The incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (χ2trend =435.717, P<0.001), and there was a tendency towards a rise in stroke incidence among residents under 40 years of age (APC=2.89%, t=2.538, P=0.029). The crude incidence of ischemic stroke was 151.24/105, which was higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke (39.21/105) (χ2=10 521.000, P<0.001). Conclusions The incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021, with ischemic stroke as the predominant subtype of stroke. Males and middle-aged and elderly residents should be given a high priority for stroke prevention and treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of nebulized total ginkgo flavone glycosides (TFG) on Th1/Th2 imbalance in mice with athma.

METHODForty-eight BALB/C mice were randomly divided into four groups: group A (control group, n=12); group B (asthmatic model group, n=12); group C (TFG nebulized treated group, n=12); group D (dexamethasone intraperitoneal treated group, n=12). The asthmatic model was established by sensitivity and local activation with Ovalbumin(OVA) and aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3. TFG (50 g x L(-1), per aerosol per six mice, 30 minutes) was nebulized 20 days after modeling, while dexamethasone (1 g x L(-1)) was intraperitoneal once daily for 10 days. Perfusate of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was collected on day 32. The level of IL-4, IFN-gamma in BALF, and the level of total IgE in serum was determined. The airway inflammation pathology change and the expression of GATA-3 protein in lungs was detected by immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTCompared with model group, the decreased content of IL-4(49.30 +/- 7.95) ng x L(-1) and increased level of IFN-gamma (49.08 x 5.46) ng x L(-1). were found in BALF, and the level of total IgE (9.47 +/- 1.52) microg x L(-1) in serum also decreased in TFG treated group. In model group, smooth muscle hypertrophing, mucous hyperemia, mucous layer thickening, and inflammatory cell in filtration were observed. Phlegmasia was appeared in the bronchi, which was filled with lots of mucus. In contrast, the inflammatory reaction in TFG and Dexamethasone treated group was less obvious. Expression of GATA-3 was markly increased in model group with decreased expression in TFG treated group.

CONCLUSIONNebulized TFG showed a therapeutic effect for asthmatic mice, the mechanism may be explained by blockingnnnn GATA-3 expression and regulating the disorder Th1/Th2 imbalance.

Aluminum Hydroxide ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Asthma ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Dexamethasone ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Flavones ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Th1 Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Th2 Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism

This study was to investigate the effect of total flavonoid in leaves of Ginkgo biloba (total flavonoid in leaves of Ginkgo biloba, FG) on the apoptosis of eosinophils (EOS) in broncho alveloar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthma mice. Mouse asthma model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) challenge methods. After atomizing therapy for two weeks, differential count in BALF, morphological change and proportion of apoptosis were detected by AO/EB stain and Annexin V-FITC/PI. The number of total leucocytes and eosinophils in BALF decreased obviously after FG treatment. Compared with model group, the number and proportion of EOS apoptosis increased significantly after FG treatment. The results indicated that one of the anti-inflammation mechanisms of FG might be promoting apoptosis of eosinophils.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Asthma ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; cytology ; Eosinophils ; pathology ; Female ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Leukocyte Count ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovalbumin ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Random Allocation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the release model of insoluble drug carbamazepine (CBM) based on HPMC matrix tablets.

METHODSCBM release profile from matrices and HPMC erosion rate were determined.

RESULTThe mathematical model by matrix erosion rate and drug release from HPMC K15M were established for the fractional HPMC and CBM released as M(P(t))/M(P(infinity))=-[0.8095ln((t))+1.2775]Meq((-0.0622t-0.305)) and M(d(t))/M(d(infinity))=-[0.1891t-0.1294]Meq(-0.9326). In comparison with the data of HPMC K4M matrix erosion and CBM release from HPMC K4M matrices, theoretical value agreed well with experimental data.

CONCLUSIONThe two mathematical models can be satisfactorily applied to insoluble drug release, which is governed by matrix erosion.

Carbamazepine ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Hypromellose Derivatives ; Methylcellulose ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Models, Theoretical ; Solubility ; Tablets

OBJECTIVETo observe the effectiveness and safety of external applying Compound Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF) in relieving joint pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

METHODSIn this double-blinded, randomized multicenter trial, a total of 174 moderately active RA patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to the treatment group (treated with Compound TwHF, 87 cases) and the placebo control group (87 cases). Compound TwHF or placebo was externally applied in painful joints, 20 g each time, once per day for 8 weeks. Self-reported joint pain relief was taken as a primary effective indicator. Visual analogue scale for pain (VAS), disease activity score of 28 joints (DAS28), VAS for general health (GH) were evaluated before treatment, at week 4 and after treatment. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) were tested before and after treatment. Menstrual changes in females were observed during treatment. Skin irritation occurred during the recording process was assessed using skin irritation strength. Intention to treat (ITT) was statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThe joint pain relief rate in the treatment group was 90.8% (79/87 cases), higher than that in the placebo control group (69.0%, 60/87 cases; P = 0.001). VAS pain score, DAS28, VAS for GH score were significantly improved in the two groups at week 4 of treatment and after treatment, as compared with before treatment (P < 0.01). ESR and hs-CRP levels significantly decreased in the treatment group after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). No difference was found in post-treatment VAS pain score, DAS28, VAS for GH score, ESR, or hs-CRP between the two groups (P > 0.05). Eight adverse events occurred in the treatment group (5 skin allergy, 1 intolerance of medical odor, and 2 mild liver injury), while 3 adverse events occurred in the placebo control group (2 skin allergy, 1 mild liver injury). There was no statistical difference in adverse event between the two groups (P > 0.05). No menstrual change occurred in the treatment group.

CONCLUSIONExternal applying Compound TwHF was an effective and safe way to relieve-joint pain of RA patients, which could be taken as an adjuvant therapy.

Arthralgia ; drug therapy ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; Blood Sedimentation ; C-Reactive Protein ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Tripterygium