Objective To investigate the trend of developmental expression of GluR2,subtype of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid(AMPA) receptor and synaptophysin(SYP) in the rat cochlear nucleus(CN) in different developmental stages,and explore the association of GluR2 expression with the development of synapse. Methods SD rats of 2,3,4,6,8 and 10 weeks old were selected,the expression of GluR2 and SYP in CN was detected with immunofluorescence histochemical method,and the association of them was explored. Results GluR2 expression was observed in all the neurons of CN in each postnatal groups.The expression was relatively weaker in the second and third week,became denser in the fourth week,reached the peak in the sixth week and then sharply decreased to the weakest in the tenth week.The expression of GluR2 was denser at granular cell layer,while weaker at molecular layer and multipolar cell layer in the dorsal CN.SYP expression was detected in all the neurons of CN in each postnatal groups.The expression was weakest in the second week,significantly denser in the fourth week,reached the peak in the sixth week,was then sharply decreased and stably maintained. Conclusion The expressions of GluR2 and SYP in the postnatal rat CN exhit an equally age-dependent tendency.The expression of GluR2 in the CN may be associated with the the maturation and function development of the CN.The different expression and distribution of GluR2 and SYP in the rat CN of different developmental stages may be involved in the development and plasticity of auditory center.

Breast Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Homeodomain Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Receptors, Interleukin ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Survival Rate

Objective To explore the molecular and cell signal transduction mechanism of Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharides (ASP) on macrophage. Methods After stimulating RAW264.7, the change in value of NF-κB was determined by Western blot. The induction of NO and secretion of TNF-α by ASP in macrophage was observed with or without inhibitor of NF-κB using Griess method. Moreover, protein levels of TNF-α secreted by macrophage were investigated with ELISA in respond to ASP. Results 4 h after stimulation by 100 μg/ml ASP, the concentration of NF-κB in nucleus increased significantly, peaked at 6 h. 16 h after stimulation by 100 μg/ml ASP, the activity of iNOS[(23.54±2.41) U/mg protein; P<0.01], producton of NO [(18.9±1.5)μmol/L, P<0.01] and level of TNF-α[(81.2±16.7)pg/ml, P<0.0l] in macrophage were improved markedly. Blocking NF-κB with inhibitor results in decreased levels of NO and TNF-α. Conclusion The results suggest that NF-κB play an important role in induction of NO and TNF-α by ASP in macrophage.

Objective To improve the knowledge of paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH) and to elevate the level of early diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical data of 45 PAH patients admitted in Shanghai Children's Hospital from Jan.2006 to Dec.2012 were reviewed,including clinical manifestation,laboratory examination,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Results Of the 45 PAH patients,21 cases (46.7％) were male and 24 cases (53.3 ％) were female,with an average age of 2.5 years old.Among them idiopathic PAH was in 24 cases (53.3 ％) and secondary PAH was in 21 cases [including interstitial lung disease in 4 cases,upper airway obstruction in 3 cases,systemic lupus erythematosus in 3 cases,hepatic disease in 3 cases,including hepatic hemangioma 1 case,liver cirrhosis portal hypertension 1 case and autoimmune hepatic sarcoidosis 1 case,tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy in 2 cases,extensive pulmonary small artery stenosis in 2 cases,human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 1 case,hypothyroidism in 1 case,and familial PAH in 2 cases].Main clinical manifestations were anhelation after exercise (71.1％),fatigue (68.9％),cough (48.9％),chest tightness (26.7％),chest pain (33.3％),syncope (8.9％),et al.The most common physical signs were splitting of the second sound in pulmonary valve area (93.3％),followed by tricuspid murmur (77.8％),cyanosis (53.3％),hepatomegaly (42.2％),hydropericardium (28.9％),and oedema (11.1％),et al.Twenty-seven cases did cardiac catheterization,compared with idiopathic PAH and secondary PAH,pulmonary artery systolic pressure,mean pulmonary artery pressure,pulmonary capillary wedge pressure,pulmonary arteriolar resistance index had significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).Thirty-one cases' condition improved after treatment,11 cases without any improvement and 3 cases died during follow-up visit.Conclusions PAH is a rare disease with no specific symptom and can be easily misdiagnosed in children.Ultrasonic cardiogram and cardiac catheterization are helpful in diagnosis.Actively looking for the cause can improve the prognosis.

Objectives To explore the effect of mibefradil, a kind of novel calcium channel antagonists, on proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). MethodsHPASMCs were culturedin vitro, and randomly divided into control group, PDGF group, Mib group, and PDGF+Mib group. The PDGF group was stimulated by 25 ng/ml of PDGF. Mib group was intervented by 10 μmol/L of Mib. PDGF+Mib group was treated by PDGF and Mib. The reproduction rate in 48 hours and 72 hours were detected by MMT. Cell cycle was detected by lfow cytometry. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was observed by immunolfuorescence staining (IFS).ResultsThere were statistical differences among four groups in both 48 hours and 72 hours (P all??0.05). There were statistically differences of G0/G1 phase and S phase among four groups (P?

Objectives To explore the clinical features and pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD) combined with sterile pyuria. Methods A total of 420 patients diagnosed of KD were recruited and divided into pyuria group ( 95 patients) and control group ( 325 patients) according to urine routine examination on admission. The clinical data between the two groups were compared. Results There was no difference in gender, age, and the incidence of atypical KD (P all?>?0 . 05 ). The levels of C-reactive protein, D-dimer concentrations, fibrinogen degradation products, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urine retinol binding protein were higher in pyuria group than those in control group (all P>?0 . 05 ). No difference was found in the duration of fever before admission between two groups (P>?0 . 05 ). However, pyuria group had longer duration of fever after treatment with immunoglobulin (P?0.05). Conclusion The morbidity of sterile pyuria in KD patients was 22 . 6%. KD patients with sterile pyuria have more intense inlfammatory response, markedly high coagulation condition, and mild or subclinical renal damage.

12-18 years old).In each age group,children were classified according to their genders.Diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)was performed in all the children's heads.Then the angles formed by splenium corporis callosi and occipital forceps were measured in fractional anisotropy maps.All the data were analyzed statistically.Results 1.The females in infant group had the larger angles formed by splenium corporis callosi and occipital forceps.With the age increasing,the average values of angles tended to decrease gradually.But in some age groups,the average values in some cases tended to increase before it decreased.2.A statistically significant sex difference was found in infant group.In young child group,pre-school age group and adolescence group,such difference was found in angles formed by occipital forceps.Only in young child group,difference in the maximum angles of splenium corporis callosi was found.3.There was a significant difference between age groups in the angles formed by sides of occipital forceps and the minimum angles of splenium corporis callosi through one-way analysis of variance.4.The angles of occipital forceps and the minimum angles of splenium corporis callosi both had a negative correlation with ages.They both had a linear regression to ages.But,there was no correlation between the maximum angles of splenium corporis callosi and ages.Conclusions Sex differences might exist in the angles formed by both sides of occipital forceps and splenium corporis callosi.The angles formed by sides of occipital forceps and parts of angles of splenium corporis callosi might decrease when the age increases.Diffusion-weighted technology can be used to study the age and sex difference in angles formed by splenium corporis callosi and occipital forceps in children.

Objective To enhance patients' abilities in self-management. Methods We used the nursing project method to analyze reasons and develop standard process of follow-up management and health education. A retro-spective analysis of 84 patients with stage 3 to 4 CKD was performed by nursing project method. This analysis compared the changes after the intervention program,including the ability of self-management,follow-up,medication and diet compliance,and the control rate of physiological indicators. Results By comparison with the intervention before and after,there were significant improvements in each dimension of self-management ability (P<0.001),follow-up, medication and diet compliance were significantly improved(P<0.05),and there were significant improvements in the control rate of systolic pressure and blood uric acid(P<0.001),the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion The application of nursing project can improve self-management ability,the compliance of follow-up,medication and diet as well as physiological indicators in patients with stage 3 to 4 CKD.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) in children. Methods The clinical data of 67 children with PSVT were analyzed retrospectively, and the therapeutic effects of different treatments were compared. Results The clinical manifestations of infants were paleness, shortness of breath, irritability and sweating, and children showed chest tightness, palpitations, abdominal discomfort and fatigue. The curative effect of electric cardioversion, transesophageal atrial pacing, physical therapy, and drug therapy was statistically different (P<0.05), The different cardioversion rates of them were observed for the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The cardioversion rate of transesophageal atrial pacing, was the highest, and the rate of physical therapy was the lowest. There was no significant difference in the cardioversion rate between propafenone, digoxin and amiodarone. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of PSVT in infants are atypical and easily to be ignored. There are many methods for treatment of PSVT. The vagus nerve can be stimulated first, and, if no response, either drugs or electric cardioversion and transesophageal atrial pacing can be used. The cardioversion rate of transesophageal atrial pacing is higher. The drug effectiveness for the treatment of PSVT depends on many factors, and our choice of medication varies from person to person.

Abstract? AlM: To evaluate macular thickness and macular volume changes in people with diabetes mellitus but no significant decrease of visual acuity.?METHODS:A total of 87 eyes were collected in diabetic group. According to the international stage of diabetic retinopathy, these cases were divided into two subgroups:DR0 stage 54 eyes and DR1 stage 33 eyes. All the cases were received optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan in macular area;the scanning model is 512× 128; recording macular average thickness and macular volume, and compared with healthy subjects.? RESULTS: Macular average thickness and macular volume were higher in DR1 group than those in DR0 stage and control group, and differences were having statistical significance. But DR0 group and control group differences of the two indexes were not statistically significant.? CONCLUSlON: With the aggravation of diabetic retinopathy, the macular thickness tends to be thicken. Although without obvious visual loss, there have been slight morphological changes. Using OCT scan can find fundus changes earlier in patients with diabetes mellitus, and provide clinical basis for both early diagnosis and treatment.