Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; etiology ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Inflammation ; complications ; Lung ; pathology ; Respiration, Artificial ; adverse effects

Objective To investigate the trend of developmental expression of GluR2,subtype of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid(AMPA) receptor and synaptophysin(SYP) in the rat cochlear nucleus(CN) in different developmental stages,and explore the association of GluR2 expression with the development of synapse. Methods SD rats of 2,3,4,6,8 and 10 weeks old were selected,the expression of GluR2 and SYP in CN was detected with immunofluorescence histochemical method,and the association of them was explored. Results GluR2 expression was observed in all the neurons of CN in each postnatal groups.The expression was relatively weaker in the second and third week,became denser in the fourth week,reached the peak in the sixth week and then sharply decreased to the weakest in the tenth week.The expression of GluR2 was denser at granular cell layer,while weaker at molecular layer and multipolar cell layer in the dorsal CN.SYP expression was detected in all the neurons of CN in each postnatal groups.The expression was weakest in the second week,significantly denser in the fourth week,reached the peak in the sixth week,was then sharply decreased and stably maintained. Conclusion The expressions of GluR2 and SYP in the postnatal rat CN exhit an equally age-dependent tendency.The expression of GluR2 in the CN may be associated with the the maturation and function development of the CN.The different expression and distribution of GluR2 and SYP in the rat CN of different developmental stages may be involved in the development and plasticity of auditory center.

Objective To investigate the current situation of clinical practice mode of intensive care unit specialist nurses in Chongqing city, and to provide reference for the construction of standardized clinical practice mode of intensive care unit specialist nurses. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate and analyze the 509 students who participated in the training of intensive care unit nurses in Chongqing city. Results Clinical practice time was 2 months, the practice base could meet the clinical practice needs of clinical nurses, clinical practice and assessment methods were varied, but the time arrangement was not reasonable (6.67%, 29/435), the practice content lacked the pertinence (5.52%, 24/435), the teaching method was not reasonable (2.76%, 12/435), the teacher capital was not qualified (1.38%, 6/435) and so on. Conclusions The clinical practice base and teaching staff needs to be improved, and the clinical practice pattern of intensive care unit specialist nurses is good, but the ability to recognize it is not in place. Should be guided by the needs of nurses, under the supervision of the health department, construction of training bases, training in line with the requirements of clinical teachers, strengthen the ability of students to understand, to help study the clinical application of knowledge and skills.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted wide attention due to its unique advantages such as minimal invasiveness, high efficiency and high selectivity, and its ability to induce anti-tumor immune response. However, the treatment process is heavily dependent on the oxygen content of the treatment site, and the widespread oxygen deficiency in malignant tumors severely limits its efficacy. In addition, PDT-mediated oxygen depletion exacerbates tumor hypoxia, which further reduces its therapeutic effect. In recent years, many researches have been devoted to overcoming this problem. This paper summarized various strategies based on tumor hypoxic PDT in recent years, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies, and analyzing the main challenges and future directions of PDT in the treatment of tumors, so as to provide references for the in-depth study of photodynamic therapy of tumors.

Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) signal can be used for diagnosis of hearing loss so that it has an important clinical value. Continuously using sweeping primaries to measure DPOAE provides an efficient tool to record DPOAE data rapidly when DPOAE is measured in a large frequency range. In this paper, locally weighted least squares estimation (LWLSE) of 2f1-f2 DPOAE is presented based on least-squares-fit (LSF) algorithm, in which DPOAE is evoked by continuously sweeping tones. In our study, we used a weighted error function as the loss function and the weighting matrixes in the local sense to obtain a smaller estimated variance. Firstly, ordinary least squares estimation of the DPOAE parameters was obtained. Then the error vectors were grouped and the different local weighting matrixes were calculated in each group. And finally, the parameters of the DPOAE signal were estimated based on least squares estimation principle using the local weighting matrixes. The simulation results showed that the estimate variance and fluctuation errors were reduced, so the method estimates DPOAE and stimuli more accurately and stably, which facilitates extraction of clearer DPOAE fine structure.
Algorithms ; Hearing Loss ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous ; Regression Analysis

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow is the main source of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)at present,but its application has been limited,because of some reasons such as inconvenience of isolation,and the quantity of cells decreases with human increased age.Umbilical cord as a new source of MSCs has been widespread concerned recently.OBJECTIVE:To explore the approach of isolating and culturing MSCs from Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord,and the methods of identifying the surface antigens and the differentiation potential.METHODS:MSCs were isolated and amplified via tissue-cultivation,and cultured by FasGrow medium.Morphology of MSCs from Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord was observed under the optical microscope.Its immunophenotypes were detected using immunohistochemistry.The differentiation of MSCs into the osteoblasts was determined utilizing Gomori calcium-cobalt alkaline phosphatase staining,von Kossa calcium node staining,and tetracyclinefluorescence labeling.The differentiation of MSCs into the adipocytes was detected using oil red O staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:MSCs were easily obtained from Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord via the proposed approach.The primary cells grew up to 70%-80% confluence after 12-16 days of culture,and meanwhile the undifferentiated state was maintained and proliferation was stabilized after passage.The cell cycle of double increase was about 2 days,and proliferation in vitro reached twenty generation above.Surface antigen analysis showed that CD44,CD105,CD133,MHC-I were positively expressed,while CD34,CD45 were negatively expressed.Experiments of differentiation in vitro indicated that the obtained cells were capable of differentiating into fat,osteoblast and nerve-like cells.

Objective:To study the influence of morphine on the expression of synaptophysin(SYN)and synapse structure in mice hippocampus,so as to provide pathological evidence for studying the development and treatment of chronic morphine intoxication, addiction and abstinence symptoms of morphine.Methods:Twenty mice were evenly randomized into control group and experiment group.Mice in control group were injected with normal saline(0.1 ml daily)and those in experimental group were injected with morphine(0.1 ml,1 mg daily).Thirty days later the mice in 2 groups were killed and their brain tissues were harvested and made into slices,stained with immunohistochemical techniques(SP)and photographed under the light microscope.The images were analyzed with the image analytical system and the data were statistically analyzed.Results:In the control group,positive staining of SYN was found in the entorhinal area,subiculum,stratum plextiforme,polymorphic layer of gyrus dentatus,stratum oriens,and stratum radiatum of hippocampus;weak positive staining of SYN was noticed in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of hippocampus;positive staining of SYN was also found the membrane of pyramidal cells and granule cells,with the mean gray scale value of the hippocampal structure being 132.84?8.67.Positively stained neurons was also found in the entorhinal area and the subiculum,with a intensity of(7.80?1.03)/ mm~2.In the experiment group,the suhiculum and polymorphic layers of gyrus dentatus were positively stained for SYN;the entorhinal area,stratum oriens,stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum-moleculare of hippocampus were strongly positive of SYN;the membrane of pyramidal cells and granule ceils were also strongly positive of SYN,with the mean gray scale value of the hippocampal structure being 116.27?5.70.Strongly stained neurons were also found in the entorhinal area and the subiculum,with the intensity being(11.90?1.45)/mm~2.The number of SYN positive neurons and the intensity of SYN in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(P

Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; Dichloroethylenes ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans

ObjectiveTo investigate the application of rapid immunohistochemical staining technique in intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of thyroid neoplasm.Methods MaxVision one-step rapid immunohistochemical staining technique was used to detect the expression of CK19,HBME-1,and Gal-3 in frozen section of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)andthyroid benign lesions.MaxVision conventional immunohistochemistry of frozen remaining tissue was served as control.ResultsMaxVision one-step rapid immunohistochemical staining technique could be completed in 20 minutes.The positive localizations of three markers detected by rapid immunohistochemistry were similar to conventional immunohistochemistry, in general.The expression of CK19 was located in cytoplasm and cellular membrane.Gal-3 and HBME-1 were mainly detected in follicular luminal border and/or surface of papilla. The staining intensity in rapid immunohistochemistry was stronger than that in conventional immunohistochemistry. The positive rates of CK19,HBME-1,and Gal-3 by rapid immunohistochemistry in frozen sections were: 0 (0/28),10.7 ％ (3/28),0 (0/28),respectively,for benign lesions (nodular goiter,Hashimoto thyroiditis,thyroid adenoma); and 94.9 ％(37/39),92.3 ％ (36/39),92.3 ％ (36/39),respectively,for PTC.The expression of three markers between thyroid benign lesions and PTC had a significant difference (x2 =59.326,55.861,44.605,all P ＜ 0.001).In benign lesions,the rate of same case with two and more positive markers was 0,while in PTC it was 100 ％ and significantly different (x2 =67.000,P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionMaxVision one-step rapid immunohistochemical staining technique could be applied in intraoperative frozen section diagnosis.Detecting CK19,HBME-1,and Gal-3 expression in intraoperative frozen section has an auxiliary value for diagnosis of PTC.

0.05).Conclusions The expression of myostatin gene mRNA is increased in myotonic dystrophy.Up-regulated expression of myostatin in skeletal muscle might be associated with the mechanism of myotonic dystrophy.