Objective To determine the bacterial composition and resistance of wound infections in China. Methods Disc diffusion test,MIC test and E-test were used to detect the antimicrohial resistance of bacterial isolates from wound secretions.WHONET 5.4 was applied for analysis of the bacterial sensitive data from 86 domestic tertiary hospitals from June 1,2006 to May 31,2007. Results (1)2125 bacterial strains were coileeted in the survey period,which included 994 strains (46.8%) of Gram positive and 1131 strains (53.2%) of Gram negative bacteria,Staphylococcus(780 strains,36.7%),E.coli(338 strains,15.9%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (231 strains,10.9%)were the most common isolates.(2)38.2% and 84.1% of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were methicillin-resistant.respectively.No Staphylococcus strain was resistant to vancomycin or teicoplanin.(3)ESBLs positive rate of E.coli was about 60%,while the resistant rate to quinolones Was about 70%.(4)The resistant rates of Staphylococci and E.coli isolated from adults to aminoglyeoside and quinolones were higher than those from children.(5)The resistant rates of Staphylococei to cephalosporin,aminoglyeoside and quinolones from inpatients were higher than those from out-patients. Conclusion Staphylococci,E.coli and Pseudomonas aeriginoso were among the most common organisms isolated from wound infections.The ESBLs positive rate of E.coli from wound infections was higher than that from all specimen bacteria found in other surveys performed during the same period and the methicillin resistant Staphylococci were less than that.

Objective To understand the status of post-traumatic growth of severe burn patients and analyze its influencing factors. Methods General information questionnaire and post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI) were used to investigate thirty patients with severe burn. Multi-linear regression method was used to analyze the post-traumatic influencing factors. Results The average score of PTGI was (68.30 ± 10.90), which was in media level. The main influencing factors included burn area, active exercise, time and expense of treatment, marital status and sear proliferation. Conclusion In order to improve the post-traumatic growth,nurses should enhance psychological intervention, teach effective coping strategies and increase the social level to the burn patients.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on cerebral glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)expression of brain injury caused by intrauterine infection in neonatal rats.Methods Forty-three Wistar pregnant rats were divided into 2 groups:lipopolysaccharide(LPS)(n=35)and normal saline(n=8).Pregnant rats were consecutively injected intraperitoneally with LPS(450 ?g/kg)or saline on gestation 17 d and 18 d.LPS group were randomly divided into acupuncture group and model group.Acupuncture group were given acupunctured from 7 d to 21 d.GFAP expression was assayed with immunohistochemical technique.Results The number of GFAP immunoreaction(IR)strongly-positive neurons in the cerebral white matter was more in acupuncture group,less in model group and only very weakly IR-positive neurons were found in normal saline group.Conclusion Acupuncture can up-regulate the expression of GFAP in the cerebral white matter,which may contribute to the effect of acupuncture in improving brain injury caused by intrauterine infection.

OBJECTIVETo develop a new technique for assessing the risk of birth defects, which are a major cause of infant mortality and disability in many parts of the world.

METHODSThe region of interest in this study was Heshun County, the county in China with the highest rate of neural tube defects (NTDs). A hybrid particle swarm optimization/ant colony optimization (PSO/ACO) algorithm was used to quantify the probability of NTDs occurring at villages with no births. The hybrid PSO/ACO algorithm is a form of artificial intelligence adapted for hierarchical classification. It is a powerful technique for modeling complex problems involving impacts of causes.

RESULTSThe algorithm was easy to apply, with the accuracy of the results being 69.5%±7.02% at the 95% confidence level.

CONCLUSIONThe proposed method is simple to apply, has acceptable fault tolerance, and greatly enhances the accuracy of calculations.

Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; China ; epidemiology ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Models, Biological ; Neural Tube Defects ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors

Macrolactins are 24-membered macrolides produced by unidentified marine bacterium, Actinomadura sp. and Bacillus sp., which exhibit both antibacterial and antitumor activities in vitro. The environmental strain X-2 which was isolated from the sediment of the East China Sea produce Macrolatin A, B and O. In this study, a set of degenerate oligonucleotide primers, designed for amplification ketosynthase(KS) domains, had been employed to identify KS gene fragments of the X-2 DNA samples. One 645 bp KS fragment(GenBank accession no. EF486351)had been cloned and used as a probe to screen the genome DNA fosmid library of X-2. Three positive clones were selected and sequenced, Homologous analysis and the function prediction of the obtained PKS gene fragments suggested that macrolactin is the Polyketide Biosynthesis Product of the gene cluster obtained in the environmental strain X-2.

Objective To evaluate the value of stereotactic core needle biopsy(SCNB)in diagnosis of breast lesions.Methods Forty-seven cases were punctured with computer-assisted stereotactic system, spring-loaded biopsy guns and 16 G core needles.The record of each item was collected,including clinical manifestations,descriptions of the mammographic characteristics(such as calcification,mass and architectural distortion),the pathology of the SCNB and the surgical pathology or mammographic follow-up data.Then the results of SCNB were analyzed based on the comparison of SCNB pathology and the surgical pathology.The reason that SCNB failed and misdioagnosed was inferred from the relationship of SCNB accuracy and the X-ray characteristics.Results Forty-four cases were punctured successfully,3 cases failed.Thirty-one patients were operated soon after biopsy.The results of 27 SCNB cases agreed well with the final pathology but the other 4 did not.Conclusions SCNB as an accurate,time-saving and cost- effective method,is also minimally invasive and hardly changes the architecture of the breast.SCNB can diagnose breast lesions in advance,reduces the number of surgical biopsy,and is promising in clinical application.

Triclosan(TCS)is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that is widely used in personal care products. Humans are exposed to these chemicals through oral intake or direct dermal absorption. The main way to eliminate TCS is through urine. Studies have shown that TCS may interfere with thyroid function and the reproductive endocrine system. In recent years, increasing epidemiological studies have focused on TCS exposure during pregnancy and the relationship between TCS exposure and birth outcomes. Compared with other countries and regions, pregnant women have lower levels of TCS exposure in China. Animal experiments suggested that high dose of TCS exposure during pregnancy may affect birth outcomes through its endocrine disruption. This review is aimed to summarize the effects of TCS exposure during pregnancy on the birth outcomes.

According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Qi (vital energy) is regarded as a driving force of biological activities in human body, including both nutrient substances and organ functions. Qi-invigorating TCMs are widely used to treat various symptoms and disorders, such as fatigue, obesity, immunosuppression, intestinal flora imbalance, and gastrointestinal diseases, in which Qi is considered to be reduced or depleted. Interestingly, abundant clinical evidences suggest that these disorders are associated with the alternation of intestinal flora, which directly affects disease status. Herein we review the interaction between gut microbiota and Qi-invigorating TCMs under healthy and disease conditions and discuss the mechanisms of action and applications of Qi-invigorating TCMs in enhancing health status through microbial alternation. A better understanding of the role of Qi-invigorating TCMs in modulating microbial composition and the association between intestinal microbiota and diseases would help reveal the clinical consequences of microbiota alteration and explore opportunities to harness this symbiotic relationship to improve public health.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; drug effects ; Humans ; Prebiotics ; Qi

0.05).Conclusion The distribution of G990R CASR genotype in PHPT patients is different from healthy women,and R allele is higher in PHPT group.Among PHPT patients,A986S and G990R polymorphisms are associated with serum calcium and ICa levels.Patients with S or G allele have lower levels of serum calcium and ICa.A986S genotype is also associated with serum PTH level and patients with S allele have relatively lower level of PTH.

Objective To investigate cyclic mechanical stimulation on expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in osteoblast-like cells (MG63) and to explore the rote of MAPK involved in the process.Methods Expressions of CTGF protein and mRNA in MG63 cells were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR,respectively. Phosphorylation levels of p38, ERK, JNK were examined by Western blot. Results Cyclic mechanical stimulation upregulated expressions of CTGF protein and mRNA. The levels reached a maximal response of 2-3 fold after 3-6 h. ERK and JNK signal pathways were activated by cyclic mechanical stimulation, the phosphorylated proteins increased within 10 min of stretch, phosphorylated ERK reached maximal levels by 60 min of stretch, phosphorylated JNK reached maximal levels by 15-30 min of stretch, but not for p38 signal pathway.Only the inhibitior of JNK signal pathway (SP600125) markedly suppressed stretch-induced CTGF expression,meanwhile the inhibitors of ERK (PD98059) and p38 (SB203580) did not show such effect. Conclusion Cyclic mechanical stimulation upregulates CTGF expression via JNK-dependent pathway in MG63 cells.