The study is to describe the main activities of NGOs involved in programs of China AIDS Global Fund Round 5 and analyze the advantage and necessity of their involvement in HIV/AIDS control. The experience and problems of NGOs ' involvement in AIDS Global Fund Programs,as well as appropriate approaches to address them are discussed.

Objective To explore whether hyperbaric oxygen could enhance the effects of the transplanted stem cell on treating myocardial infarction rats.Methods A total of 70 Sprague-Dawley (SD) Rats was randomly divided into four groups,sham operated,acute myocardial infarction (AMI),mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (Stem Cell Transplanting),and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) + MSCs group,respectively.Myocardial infarction rat model was established,hyperbaric oxygen treatment was carried out every day at the first to 30 day after AMI.Human umbilical cord Wharton jelly mesenchyme cell was transplanted at the third day after AMI.The densities of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages in the infracted border zones and in the infarcted area of heart were determined with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.The cardiac function was assessed with M-mode transthoracic echocardiography,in vivo.Results (1)Compared to MSCs group,the stem cell proliferation and survival rates were increased significantly at the forth week (276.6 ±73.8 versus 20.5 ± 12.3,P ＜0.01).(2)Compared to the AMI and MSCs groups,the infracted area and the number of inflammatory cell infiltration were significantly reduced in HBO alone and MSCs + HBO groups.(3) Compared to the AMI group,the cardiac function was significantly improved at the different degree in the other three groups;among these groups,cardiac function was significantly improved in the MSCs + HBO group (P ＜0.01),except for the volume of end-dilation (P ＞0.05).Conclusions Hyperbaric oxygenation could significantly promote the proliferation and survival rate of stem cells,and improve the cardiac function.Thus further enhance the effect of the transplanted stem cell on treating the infarcted heart.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of endovascular embolization and microsurgical clipping on cognitive function in patients with intracranial aneurysm.Methods:A total of 80 patients with intracranial aneurysms,who were treated in Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2014 to September 2015,were selected and randomly divided into control group(n=40) and experimental group (n=40).The control group was treated with microsurgical clipping,and the experimental group,with endovascular embolization.The postoperative cognitive function was assessed by the mini mental state examination scale (MMSE),and length of stay,in-hospital mortality rate,mortality rate in 1 year and the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The total score (26.78± 0.85) of MMSE in the experimental group was higher than that (22.25± 0.63) of the control group (P＜0.05).The cognitive dysfunction rate (37.50％) of the experimental group was lower than that (55.00％) of the control group (P＜0.05).The length of stay [(6.7± 3.9) days] of the experimental group was lower than that [(9.6± 4.5) days] of the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality rate and mortality rate in 1 year,and the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Endovascular interventional therapy can improve the cognitive function of the patients with intracranial aneurysms and shorten the length of hospital stay.

Cerebral apoplexy is one of the main causes of death in the middle-aged and elderly population,which has higher mortality and disability rate.The incidence of the disease is increasing year by year and it is a serious threat to human life and health.Therefore,it is of great significance to find an effective target for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke.Thioredoxin (Trx) is the major thiol reducing agent in the cells,it is involved in many signal transduction pathways in the cells by regulating the redox state of the cell.It has disulphide reductase activity,which can reduce the oxidative stress injury in the rats after the stroke.Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is an endogenous inhibitor of Trx,it can destroy the redox balance and promote the oxidative stress by binding/inhibiting the activity of Trx,while the inhibition or knockdown of TXNIP has obvious neuroprotective effects.Recent studies suggest that Trx/TXNIP may be involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral apoplexy by a variety of pathways.This article analyses the research status of Trx/TXNIP and studies the localization of Trx system in the central nervous system and the progress of Trx system in ischemic cerebral apoplexy.It reviews the mechanism of Trx/TXNIP in cerebral apoplexy and prospectes the signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiological process of Trx/TXNIP to provide new ideas for the treatment of cerebral apoplexy.

AIM:To analyze curative effect of laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (DR).METHODS:A total of 100 patients (136 eyes) with DR who were admitted to our hospital during January 2015 to December 2016 were enrolled in the study.All patients were given 532nm laser treatment.Changes of visual acuity and the incidence of complications were statistically analyzed after treatment, and the macula central fovea retinal thickness and hemodynamic changes of affected eyes were compared before and after treatment.The effects of laser treatment were compared among patients with different types of diabetes, patients in different DR stages and patients with different glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) levels.RESULTS:After treatment, the macula central fovea retinal thickness, end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI) and central retinal artery (CRA), mean flow velocity (Vm) significantly decreased (P<0.05).After treatment, there were 2 cases (2 eyes) of bleeding and 2 cases (2 eyes) of tractional retinal detachment.The effective improvement rate of visual acuity was 83.1%.There were significant differences in the improvement rate of visual acuity among patients with different types of diabetes [type 1 (60.0%) vs type 2 (84.9%)], patients in different DR stages [preproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) 92.3%, early proliferative stage (PDR) 85.1%, high-risk PDR 54.2%] and patients with different HbAlc levels (< 8% 91.8% vs ≥8% 73.0%) (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The 532nm laser treatment is effective for DR.It can significantly improve the retinal hemodynamics and visual acuity and relieve macular edema.Types of diabetes mellitus, stages of DR and blood glucose control effect may affect the effects of laser treatment.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of downregulation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) core gene (HBcAg) expression by RNA interference and magnetic nanoparticles on both HBV DNA replication and expression in vitro. Methods HepG2 2.2.15 cells were transfected with U6 promoter plasmids coding for small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting HBV core gene using magnetic nanoparticles. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to assess the mRNA and protein expression HBV core antigen. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the suppression efficiency of HBV-DNA replication and expression; and radioimmunoassay was used for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), core antigen (HBcAg), and e antigen (HBeAg) detection. Results We successfully constructed nanoparticles with siRNA plasmid targeting HBV core antigen; HBcAg mRNA and HBV core antigen protein levels were significantly reduced in the transfected cells. HBV-DNA downregulation was estimated at 4-5 logs and the HBsAg and HBeAg levels were also reduced compared with the controls. Conclusion Downregulation of HBV core gene using RNAi technology and magnetic nanoparticles can potentially be used as a therapeutic strategy for Hepatitis B.

To study the contribution of T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of Murine hepatitis virus Type3 (MHV-3) induced chronic viral hepatitis in C3H/Hej mice, ninety C3H/Hej mice were chosen to individually receive 10 plaque forming units (PFU) of MHV-3 intraperitoneally. The changes of virus titer and pathology in liver tissue were examined by standard plaque assay and by the hematoxylin/eosin (HE) staining method from 2 days post MHV-3 infection. The ratios of T cell subsets including CD3+CD4+CD8-, CD3+CD4-CD8+, CD3+CD4-CD8-, CD3+CD4+CD25+, CD3+CD4+CD25- and CD3+CD4-CD25+ T lymphocyte of total T lymphocytes in blood, spleen and liver were examined at 0, 2, 4, 6,8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 days post MHV-3 infection by flow cytosorting. We observed that the virus titer raised and showed persistent virus duplications and inflammatory changes in the livers of C3H/Hej mice from 2 days post MHV-3 infection. The double negative T cell (DN Treg cell) and CD4+CD25+ T cell ratios increased significantly from 2 days post MHV-3 infection in C3H/Hej mice, and CD3+CD4+CD8-, CD3+CD4-CD8+, CD3+CD4+CD25- and CD3+CD4-CD25+ T cell ratios decreased accordingly. In conclusion, the changes of virus titer and pathology in the livers of C3H/Hej mice post MHV-3 suggest their contribution to viral persistence. Further characterizations of DN Treg cells are that infection indicates that MHV-3 could induce the chronic inflammation in livers of C3H/Hej mice.The increase of the DN Treg cell and CD4+CD25+ T cell ratios in C3H/Hej mice post MHV-3 infection suggests that DN Treg cells and CD4+CD25+ T cells may both have important suppressive immunomodulation functions in the development of chronic viral hepatitis and have important roles in the virus persistent infection. Further characterizations of DNT cell and CD4+CD25+ T cell are under investigation.

OBJECTIVE To observe the protective effect and underlying mechanism of total ginsenosides (TG) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin 5 mg · kg-1 was conducted to establish a pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. Kunming mice(1/2 males and 1/2 females)were randomly divided into sham-operation(Sham),model,total ginsen?osides 40,80 and 160 mg·kg-1 and prednisone acetate(5 mg·kg-1) groups. After 28 d administration,the histopathological changes in the lung were analyzed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)and Masson staining. The exprssion of alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in the lung was detected by real-time PCR. The content of hydroxyproline(HYP)and glutathione(GSH),level of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and hydroxy radical(·OH),activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the lung were detected by corresponding kits. RESULTS Compared with the sham group,the pulmonary indexes in model group were significantly increased(P<0.01),alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis were obvious. The mRNA expression ofα-SMA,content of HYP and · OH,activity of MPO and NOS were increased(P<0.05),but the content of GSH and T-AOC in model group was decreased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,the pulmonary indexes in TG 80 and 160 mg · kg-1 and prednisone acetate 5 mg · kg-1 groups were reduced(P<0.05),and the degree of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis was mitigated. The mRNA expression ofα-SMA,content of HYP and · OH, the activity of MPO and NO were decreased (P<0.05),while the content of GSH and T-AOC was increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION TG can improve the degree of mice pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. The mechanism may be related to the increased antioxidant capacity of organisms.

Objective To analyze the background and connotation of the maker education 2.0 and the innovativeness of the nursing maker education 2.0, and put forward the blended teaching of the nursing maker education 2.0. Methods The present situations of the maker education 2.0 and the connections between the maker education 2.0 and the nursing education were analyzed through documents and descriptive research, and the blended teaching program of the nursing maker education 2.0 was designed through exploratory research. Results Maker education 2.0 has gradually became an important way to cultivate students' innovation ability, and all kinds of schools tried to implement the maker education 2.0, but there has not been relevant research reports in nursing. Conclusions The blended teaching of the nursing maker education 2.0 can triggerthe reform of the nursing education. We should research the developmental mechanism and supporting theory, etc. of the nursing maker education 2.0 to explore much further for more knowledge about its application results.

Objective: Our purpose was to study the relationship between the Fas antigen expression and neuron apoptosis after cerebral ischemia. Methods: We detected the Fas antigen expression and neuron apoptosis dynamically in the animal models with cerebral ischemia by immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. Results: Fas antigen was positive after 30 minutes of ischemia and reached peak at 60 minutes. At the 24th hour, it began to decrease, and negative on the 3th day. While the positive cell for TUNEL method appeared after 60 minutes of ischemia, reached peak on 3 day, and decreased on 7 day. Conclusion: Neuron apoptosis after cerebral ischemia is closely related to the over-expression of Fas antigen.