Acupuncture Points ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bloodletting ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pruritus ; therapy

Objective To investigate the toxicity of levodopa and dopamine on PC12 cells and neuroprotection of several anti-Parkinson drugs i.e. amantadine,pergolide and selegiline. Methods The possible cytotoxicity of levodopa and dopamine at different dosage on rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and the effects of some anti-Parkinson drugs (amantadine,pergolide and selegiline) on levodopa- or dopamine-induced cytotoxicity were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Results There was a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability and a concentration-dependent increase in apoptotic cells induced by levodopa and dopamine ( P

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the inclusion process of the volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin and Acorus tatarinowii in Xiaoyu anshen capsule.METHODS:The inclusion process was carried out by saturated water solution method.And the inclusion process was optimized by orthogonal experiment with the inclusion ratio and yield of the volatile oil as indexes taking the ratio of volatile oil to ?-CD,the temperature and the time of inclusion as factors.The physical phase of the inclusion complex was detected by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).RESULTS:The optimum inclusion process was established as follows:the ratio of oil to ?-CD=1∶8;the ratio of water to ?-CD=10∶1;the inclusion time was 1h and the inclusion temperature was 50 ℃.The inclusion rate was as high as 90%.The DSC revealed that a new physical phase has been formed for the inclusion complex.CONCLUSION:The intermolecular inclusion complex with good stability and high yield of volatile oil could be obtained from the optimized inclusion process.

Objective To make a further recongnizing of the manifestations of diffuse axonal injury (DAI)on CT images for the early accurate clinical diagnosis.Methods The CT image data and its correlated clinic features of 56 cases with diffuse axonal injury(44 male,12 female)were analyzed retrospectively.In this series,43 cases were caused by traffic accident,13 by falling from high place.Results 1. 44 cases had haemorrhage lesions(less than 2 cm in diameter)in brain parenchyma which were at the corticomedullary junction,corpus callosum,brain stem,basal ganglia,internal capsule.2. 41 cases had subarachnoid and/or intraventricular hemorrhage 3. 9 cases had acute generalized brain swelling 4. 5 cases were associated with epidural hematoma and 16 with subdural hematoma.Conclusion CT manifestation of DAI have some featrues,and can provide reliable evidence for accurate clinic diagnosis of DAI.

Background To establish the ideal animal model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is very important for onward relevant study.Previous research determined that N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) can selectively damage photoreceptors via intravenous injection in mammal.However,whether MNU can be used to create an RP model needs to be investigated.Objective This experiment was designed to evaluate the toxic effect of MNU on photoreceptor cells of cats.Methods MNU was injected into 20 2-year-old cats via femoral vein and randomized into 20mg/kg, 25mg/kg, 30mg/kg, 35mg/kg and 40mg/kg MNU groups,and equal amount of normal saline solution was used in the same way in 4 normal cats as the control group.The activity,pupil size and light reflex were observed after injection of MNU.The cats were sacrificed and eyeballs were enucleated for histological examination to evaluate the structural and morphological changes of photoreceptors at 24 hours,72 hours,7 days and 14 days after the administration of MNU.This experimental study complied with the Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.Results Dilated pupil and inertia of light reaction were found in experimental cats on the 7th days in the various groups.In 24 hours after MNU injection,the damage of photoreceptors was primarily characterized by pyknosis and disorder.In 72 hours after MNU injection,attenuation of the outer nuclear layer and disruption of cells were seen.Loss of photoreceptors and disappearance of the outer nuclear layer were observed on the 7th and 14th day.The extent of retinal photoreceptor cell damage was dependent on the dose of MNU.Conclusion MNU can selectively induce serious damage of the photoreceptor cells in cats retina in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

Abstract: Objective　To screening new compounds that can inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods　Compounds that can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus were screened from the FDA approved drug library by 96 well plates. The absorbance value of 600 nm wavelength (OD600) was measured by Microplate Reader to detect the growth of Staphylococcus aureus planktonic cells in the culture supernatant. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ozanimod against Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates were detected by micro broth dilution method. The inhibitory effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of ozanimod on the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus was detected by crystal violet staining. Results　This study found that ozanimod could significantly inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus SA113 (screening reference strain), and the MIC was 25.00 μmol/L. The MIC of ozanimod against 119 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus [65 isolates of methicillin sensitive (MSSA) and 54 isolates of methicillin resistant (MRSA)] was 12.50 or 25.00 μmol/L. The MIC50 and MIC90 of ozanimod against the 119 Staphylococcus aureus isolates all were 25.00 μmol/L. This study found that 6.25, 12.50, 25.00 μmol/L of ozanimod could significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of 2 MSSA and 2 MRSA. The sub-MIC concentration of ozanimod (12.50 μmol/L) could significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of 14 MSSA and 11 MRSA, but had no inhibitory effect on the growth of planktonic cells of these Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Conclusion　Ozanimod can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA, and has good antibacterial activity. The sub-MIC concentration of ozanimod could significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus.

Objective To explore the effects of renal artery calcification on the renal function in type 2 diabetic ne-phropathy rats .Methods Rats were randomly divided into control group ( CON group ) , diabetic nephropathy group ( DN group) and DN with vascular calcification group ( DN+VC group) .Rats of group DN and DN +VC were fed with high sugar and fat diet and injected with streptozotocin (STZ)into abdominal cavity to induce type 2 diabetes. After diabetic models were made , rats of group DN+VC were treated by vitamin D 3 plus nicotine .The rats were sacrificed at 8 , 12 and16 week respectively and the pathologic change to the renal artery were microscoped by von Kossa staining .The calcium content were detected by calcium assay kit and double immunofluorescence staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction ( RT-qPCR) were applied to detect the protein and gene expression levels of BMP2 in the renal artery.Measure the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (Scr),cystatin C (Cys C) and 24 hour urinary protein (24-h UA)respectively at the 8th,12th and 16th weeks.Histopathology of kidney was assessed by hematoxylin/eosin staining .Results The deposition of black granules , the calcium content and the protein and gene expression levels of BMP 2 in DN group were significantly higher than those in group CON and lower than DN+VC group at each time points(P<0.05).The BUN, Scr, Cys C and 24-h UA in group DN and group DN+VC were gradually increased in 8th,12th and 16th weeks, and were higher than those in group CON( P<0.05 ) .Compared with the DN group , only the level of Cys C at each time point and the level of 24-h UA in 16th week in DN+VC group were significantly higher ( P<0.05 ) .The pathological damages of the kidney in group DN showed a continual worsening trend and the pathological changes of the kidney in group DN +VC were more serious than group DN .Calcium content was positively correlated with the increased serum BUN , Scr, Cys C, 24-h UA and BMP2 mRNA ( all P<0.01 ) .Conclusions The occurrence and severity of renal artery calcification may participate in and promote the progression of DN .

Objeetive To explore the effects of renal artery calcification on the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN),the activation and its role of bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP2) signal pathway in renal artery of rats.Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(CON group),DN group and DN with vascular calcification group (DN+VDN group).Rats of group DN and DN + VDN were fed with high sugar and fat diet and injected with streptozocin (STZ) into abdominal cavity to induce diabetes.After diabetic models were successfully made,rats of group DN+ VDN were treated by vitamin D3 plus nicotine.The rats were sacrificed at 8th,12th and 16th week respectively and the levels of renal function,blood glucose and 24 h urinary protein (24-h Upro) were measured.The pathologic changes to the renal artery were observed by yon-Kossa staining and the calcium content was detected by calcium assay kit.The pathologic changes to the kidney were observed by HE.Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the protein expression of BMP2/Smad1/Runx2/ Osterix signal pathway in the renal artery and real-time PCR were applied to detect the mRNA expression levels of BMP2 and Runx2.Results The calcium content and the deposition of black granules in DN group were significantly higher than those in group CON and lower than DN + VDN group at each time point (P ＜ 0.05).The renal function indices in group DN and group DN+VDN were gradually increased in 8th,12th and 16th weeks,and were higher than those in group CON (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with that in DN group,although the level of BUN,Scr,Cys C and 24-h Upro in DN+VDN group rats were higher at different time point,the level of Cys C at each time point and the level of 24-h Upro in the 16th week showed significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The pathological damages of the kidney in group DN and DN+VDN showed a continual worsening trend and the pathological changes of the kidney in group DN+VDN were more serious than those in group DN.Furthermore,the levels of BMP2/Smad1/Runx2/Osterix signal protein and BMP2,Runx2 mRNA in DN rats were higher than those in CON group,lower than DN+VDN group at each time point (P ＜ 0.05).Correlation analysis demonstrated that calcium content was positively correlated with serum BUN,Scr,Cys C,24-h Upro and the expression of BMP2,Runx2 mRNA (r=0.835,0.705,0.829,0.897,0.641,0.683,P ＜ 0.01,respectively).Conclusion Renal artery calcification may participate in and promote the progression of DN,and the BMP2 signal pathway may be an important regulating factor in DN with renal artery calcification.

For the purpose of exploring the teaching reform model and method, also promoting the quality of talents in acupuncture and tuina field, the research-based teaching model is applied into the course of Theory of Meridians and Acupoints. This method includes two parts of teaching and learning. For teachers, they bring modern research focus and trend into teaching through questionnaire survey among students, aiming to integrate the education inside and outside class. For students, they are guided to resolve the opening, enlightening and scalable issues through consulting abundant resources of literature and database to achieve autonomous participation in the course of learning. By this teaching method, it is expected to train the student's ability of expanding their thinking, as well as discovering, analyzing and solving the problem.
Acupuncture ; education ; methods ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; psychology ; Humans ; Learning ; Meridians ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; education ; methods ; psychology ; Students, Medical ; psychology

The effects of ultrafine grinding on the dissolution rates of the effective components in Sanjie Zhentong capsule (SZC) were studied in this experiment. Fine and ultrafine powder of SZC intermediates were made by ordinary grinding and ultrafine grinding technology, and then granulated by wet granulation. SZC were prepared by fine powder, ultrafine powder and ultrafine granules, respectively. With resveratrol and loureirin B as investigated indexes, dissolution rates of the four intermediates in SZC were determined by cup method and HPLC. The dissolution rates of resveratrol in SZC prepared by fine powder, ultrafine powder and ultrafine granules were 26.11%, 63.27%, 67.49%, respectively; and the dissolution rates of loureirin B were 7.160%, 20.29%, 23.05%, respectively. The dissolution rate of resveratrol and loureirin B in SZC prepared by ultrafine granules was the best. D90 size of ultrafine grinding was 13.221 μm and could improve the dissolution rates of resveratrol and loureirin B in SZC.
Capsules ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Silicones ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods