BACKGROUND: Nerve fiber degeneration and horseradish peroxidase antrograde tracing methods are commonly used to study nerve pathway. However, both the methods cannot mark the area clearly and lack of sensitivity so that they cannot fully present the projection area of nerve fibers. It needs further efforts on developing new nerve pathway tracing methods to effectively research nerve pathway.OBJECTIVE: To look for a highly sensitive method of nerve pathway tracing in order to provide a simple, objective and reliable method to study regeneration.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial based on experimental animals.SETTING: Department of Internal Medicine of a hospital and the Experiment technique teaching section of a university.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Experiment Technique Teaching Section of Chengdu Medical College. Six healthy male SD rats provided by Experimental Animal Centre of West China Medical University were used.METHODS: Using CB-HRP as tracer while using sodium tungstate as stabilizer of TMP to antrograde tracing the projection of optic nerve fibers on anterior region of hypothalamus and retrograde tracing the distribution of hypoglossal nerve fibers on the dorsal side of medulla.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Distribution and dyeing of neuron bodies and nerve fibers.RESULTS: The fibers of optic nerve projected to the dorsomedial side of suprachiasmatic nucleus and the fibers of hypoglossal nerve projected on the hypoglossal nucleus on dorsomedial portion of the medulla oblongate. The result shows that the neurons and axons are very clear.CONCLUSION: It is a highly sensitive method to trace nerve pathway by using CB-HRP as tracer and sodium tungstate as stabilizer of TMB.

Objective To explore the dignostic value of the candidate molecular markers in Urothelium carcinoma based on Illumina Transcriptome Sequencing. Methods Candidate genes which were screened with transcriptome sequencing were validated by using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR in 31 pairs of tumor and normal tissues of Urothelium carcinoma patients from Affliated Hai kou Hospital Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University. Results The four candidate genes (CDH1,VEGFA,PTPRF and CLDN7) in tumor tissues were up-regulated compared with normal groups in samples of sequencing. The relative expression of VEGFA mRNA were higher than that in normal tissues. There were significant difference in two groups (P<0.05). PTPRF and CLDN7 were also up-regulated, but no significant difference was found (P > 0.05). PTPRF was closely related with the recurrence of tumor (P=0.002), and the predict sensitivity and speciality rate were 90.0%and 83.3%respectively. Conclusions CDH1 and VEGFA play important roles in the occurrence and development of bladder urothelial carcinoma, and they may be the possible biomarkers. PTPRF is expected to be a molecular reference recurrent predictor of bladder tumor.

Acupuncture Points ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bloodletting ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pruritus ; therapy

Child ; Erythropoietin ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Recombinant Proteins ; Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure ; chemically induced

Child ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Renal

ObjectiveTo study the risk factors of childhood functional constipation.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of risk factors associated with 182 cases of functional constipation in children was conducted from March 2013 to February 2014. ResultsThe male patients were more than females, mainly in preschool children. The risk factors were did not like fruits and vegetables (52.2%), drank less water (44.0%), did not develop the habit of daily bowel movement (39.5%), defecation fear (36.3%), inadequate food intake (25.8%). There were different risk factors in different age stages.ConclusionsFunctional constipation is related to gender, age, diet habits and mental psychology.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of cerebral artery stenosis in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and its relationship with the risk factors for atherosclerosis. Methods: Three hundred seventy-seven patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease detected by cerebral angiography were analyzed retrospectively. The location and degree of arterial stenosis were recorded by two neurologists respectively. The patients were divided into intracranial arterial lesion, extracranial arterial lesion, severe stenosis, occlusion and multiple vascular lesion groups according to the location and severity of the lesions. The risk factors for atherosclerosis were also analyzed. Results: Circled digit oneOf the 377 patients, 285 had vascular lesions. A total of 892 lesions were detected. Of those, intracranial arterial lesions were 438 (49.1%) , intracranial arterial lesions were 454 (50.9%). The former was most commonly observed in the extracranial internal carotid arteries (19. 6% , 175/892) , and the latter was mostly seen in the extracranial internal carotid arteries (15.0%, 134/892) and middle cerebral arteries (12.4%, 111/892). Circled digit twoAmong the extracranial arteries, the stenotic degree of vertebral artery and extracranial internal carotid artery were most severe. There were statistical significance as compared to the common carotid artery (P < 0.05); while in the intracranial arteries the stenotic degree of anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery were most severe. Circled digit threeThe proportion of patients with intracranial arterial lesion alone complicating hypertension was higher than those with extracranial arterial lesion alone(80.39% vs. 59.42%). There were significant difference ( P = 0.015). The multiple risk factors for atherosclerosis in patiente with server vascular lesion were higher than those in the angiographically normal patients. Conclusions: The intracranial arterial lesion in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease was slightly more than that of extracranial artery. The stenotic degree in vertebral artery, extracranial internal carotid artery, anterior cerebral artery, and middle cerebral artery are more severe. The proportion of the patients with intracranial arterial lesion alone and complicating hypertension is significantly higher than that of the patients with extracranial arterial lesion alone. With the increase of the risk factors for arteriosclerosis, the probability of severe vascular stenosis will increase on cerebral angiography.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the association of different molecular subtypes with the clinicopathologic features and the prognosis in breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node metastasis. Methods: The clinicopathologic information of 181 operable breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node metastasis was retrospectively analyzed. These patients were classified into different groups according to molecular subtyping. All patients were followed-up with a median of 58 months (range: 44-68 months). The multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic indicators among the potential factors including age, primary tumor size, number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes and molecular subtype. Results: Of all 181 patients, 58.0% (105/181) were luminal subtype, 24.3% (44/181) were basal-like subtype, and 17.7% (32/181) were HER-2 overexpression subtype. HER-2 overexpression was closely associated with increased tumor size and more positive lymph nodes. The relapse rates of luminal, basal-like and HER-2 overexpression subtypes were 17.1% (18/105), 31.8% (14/44) and 37.5% (12/32), respectively (P = 0.026); the death rates of luminal, basal-like and HER-2 overexpression subtypes were 6.7% (7/105), 13.6% (6/44) and 18.8% (6/32), respectively (luminal vs non-luminal, P = 0.048). The five-year disease-free survival rate of patients with luminal subtype was much higher than those of the patients with HER-2 overexpression and basal-like subtypes (log-rank test, P = 0.025); the five-year overall survival rate of patients with luminal subtype was also much higher than that of patients with HER-2 overexpression subtype (log-rank test, P = 0.039). COX proportional hazards model revealed that primary tumor size and the number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes were both independent prognostic indicators (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer patients not receiving targeted molecular therapy, the subtype of HER-2 overexpression has the worst prognosis while the subtype of luminal has the best. The primary tumor size and the number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes were both independent prognostic indicators for breast cancer patients. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Objective To investigate the effect of Danzhijiangtang capsule on serum,fat in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods The model of type 2 diabetes mellitus rats were established by injecting small does streptozotocin(STZ)into abdomen and feeding high sucrose-fat diet.All the rats were divided randomly into five groups.The level of blood glucose,serum insulin,insulin sensitivity index,blood fat(triglyceride, cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein),free fatty acid after treated were examined. Results Danzhijiangtang capsule could decrease the level of blood fat.Conclusion Danzhijiangtang capsule could improve the blood fat in type 2 diabetic rats.

Objective: To observe the effects of erigeron injection on the biochemical indicators of hepatotoxicity caused by ischemia and reperfusion of the mice intestine.　Methods:A experimental model of liver lesion induced by ischemia－reperfusion of the mice intestine was set up. Serum was obtained after 20 minutes of ischemia followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. Contents of SOD and MDA in liver were measured.　Results: The serum ALT significantly increased following ischemia and reperfusion, which was attenuated by the erigeron injection (P＜0.01). Erigeron injection can also increase the contents of SOD and MDA in the mice liver (p＜0.05 and 0.01, respectively).　Conclusion: Erigeron injection can improve the biochemical indicators of liver lesion induced by ischemia and reperfusion of the mice intestine. It is indicated that the protective effects of erigeron injection was related to anti－oxidation mechanisms.