Objective A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the clinical significance of Video EEG monitoring in the diagnosis of epilepsy and other paroxysmal events Methods Video EEG monitoring under the state of awaking and sleeping and evoked tests were performed continuously in 216 patients with epilepsy and other paroxysmal events Results The characteristic events were captured in 130(60%) of the 216 patients And out of the 130 patients, 53 had clinical events accompanying epileptiform discharge 73 patients had no epileptiform discharge in both ictal and interictal period Seizure types were defined in 80%of 80 patients with epileptiform discharge, and classification was different from the original 42% of the 64 patients Conclusions Video EEG can record much more epileptiform discharge than routine EEG It should be an effective method in both diagnosis and classification of epilepsy

Background Many researches confirmed that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)plays an important role on the proliferation and differentiation of retinal progenitor cells,but its low intraocular permeability limits its clinical application.To explore an effective approach to enhance the intraocular permeability of bFGF has an important significance for the treatment of retinopathy. Objective This study was to investigate the effect of azone on bFGF intraocular permeability after its topical administration. Methods Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups on random number table method.Distilled water( blank control group),5％ bFGF eyedrops(5％ bFGF group ),0.4％ azone+5％ bFGF eyedrops (0.4％ azone + 5％ bFGF group ) and 0.4％ azone+ 10％ bFGF eyedrops (0.4％ azone + 10％ bFGF group)were topically administered in different groups at 5- minute interval for 3 times.Aqueous and vitreous fluid were extracted 30 minutes after administration of eyedrops,and those in the 0.4％ azone + 5％ bFGF group were obtained 30,60 and 120 minutes after administration.bFGF concentration in the aqueous and vitreous fluid was quantified with ELISA. Results The bFGF levels(A value)in aqueous and vitreous fluid were 0.1007±0.0100 and 0.1340±0.0100 after topical administration of the 5％ bFGF eyedrops,those in blank control group were 0.1363 ±0.0100 and 0.1130±0.0100,respectively,and those in the 0.4％ azone+5％ bFGF group and 0.4％ azone+10％ bFGF group were significantly higher than the 5％ bFGF group ( both P=0.000).However,no significant difference was found in bFGF levels between 0.4％ azone+5％ bFGF group and 0.4％ azone + 10％ bFGF groups in both aqueous and vitreous fluid ( P =0.985,0.098 ).A value of bFGF in aqueous was gradually increased with prolong of time in the 0.4％ azone+5％ bFGF group,with the values 0.9413±0.0300 at 30 minutes,0.3865±0.0300 at 60 minutes,and 0.2550±0.0300 at 120 minutes,showing a positive linear correlation between bFGF level and time( R2 =0.736,P =0.003 ),but no significant correlation was seen in vitreous sample(R2=0.196,P=0.233). Conclusions Azone can improve the intraocular penetration of bFGF eyedrops.Increasing the concentration of bFGF in eyedrop from 5％ to 10％ dose not change its intraocular distribution.The highest content of the bFGF in aqueous is at 30 minutes following the administration of 0.4％ azone+5％ bFGF eyedrops.

Ataxia Telangiectasia ; genetics ; Humans

Objective To analyze the CT and MRI appearances and to improve the knowledge of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors(pPNETs).Methods CT or MRI were performed in 19 patients of pPNETs,which were confirmed by pathology.Results All the tumors were with unclear margin.Three cases occurred in intracalvarium,7 in the extremities,2 in the chest,4 in the abdomen,and 3 inside the spine.CT appearance of the tumors arising from soft tissue showed large,ill-defined,non-calcified mass and heterogeneous appearance with hypodense cystic areas.The tumors demonstrated heterogeneous contrast enhancement.The pPNETs arising from bone demonstrated extensive lytic lesion with large soft tissue mass,one case with newly-born bone and demonstrated heterogeneous contrast enhancement.The tumors demonstrated homogeneous intensity as muscle on SE T1WI and heterogeneous hyperintense signal on T2WI.Immunohistochemically,tumor cells showed positive for CD99,Syn,GFAP and negative for LCA.Conclusion The pPNETs show no characteristic manifestations on CT and MRI.However,CT and MRI can show the intra-tumor structures and the extent of the tumor very well,which is helpful in differentiating diagnosis,predicting resectability,detecting distant metastases and evaluating the response to treatment.

Deafness ; complications ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Osteochondrodysplasias ; complications ; Rhinitis ; complications ; Sinusitis ; complications

Adult ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; etiology ; therapy ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; surgery ; Rituximab

Objective: To observe the therapeutic efficacy of warm needling moxibustion plus intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate in treating chondromalacia patellae and its effect on inflammatory factors in knee joint fluid. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with chondromalacia patellae were randomized into a control group and an observation group, with 34 cases in each group. The control group was treated with intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate, while the observation group was given additional warm needling moxibustion treatment. Before and after treatment, the two groups were scored using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and visual analog scale (VAS), examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and determined for the levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in knee joint fluid. Clinical efficacy was estimated after treatment. Results: The effective rate was higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of pain, stiffness and daily activities, as well as the general score of WOMAC declined significantly in both groups (all P<0.05), and were lower in the observation group than in the control group (all P<0.05); the time cost for climbing up and down one staircase and VAS score decreased markedly in both groups (all P<0.05), and were shorter or lower in the observation group than in the control group (both P<0.05); the MRI grading showed no significant change in the control group after intervention (P>0.05), while the grading in the observation group showed notable improvement (P<0.05), and was better than that in the control group (P<0.05); the levels of NF-κB and IL-1β in knee joint fluid dropped significantly in the control group after treatment (both P<0.05), while the levels of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β in knee joint fluid all decreased significantly in the observation group (all P<0.05) and were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Warm needling moxibustion plus intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate can produce definite efficacy in treating chondromalacia patellae; it can mitigate the clinical symptoms, improve the lesion extent of chondromalacia and down-regulate the levels of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β in knee joint fluid.

At present, majority of the small molecular drugs used in clinics target proteins, they exert the efficacy through the binding to specific sites on the target protein. However, the "druggable" protein targets account for a small portion of the total number of proteins, and "non-druggable" proteins account for 80%, because of not having suitable drug binding sites. In the central rule, RNA is located in the upstream of proteins and controls the transcription of proteins. The research of small molecule drugs targeting RNA can solve the problem of protein "undruggable proteins" in some extent. This review summarizes the representative research achievements of small molecular drugs targeting RNA in recent years, and the screening methods applied to this field, with the focuses on the latest progress of small molecular drugs targeting novel coronavirus RNA.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, imaging features, treatment options and prognosis of linear scleroderma with central nervous system involvement.Methods:One case of linear scleroderma " en coup de sabre" (LSES) school-age child suffering from dizziness, vomiting and blurred vision was admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital on March 25, 2019.The curative effect was observed after treatment.The relevant literature was searched, and the characteristics of cases and therapeutic effects were reviewed.Results:The clinical features of this case included recurrent and transient dizziness, vomiting, and blurred vision.Cranial imaging indicated abnormal signals in the left frontotemporal lobe white matter, cingulate gyrus, basal ganglia region, and corpus callosum proximal pressure part, multiple soft meningeal line enhancement and abnormal brain substance enhancement on the brain surface in the lesion area.After 2 months of combined treatment with Methotrexate(MTX) and corticosteroids, some symptoms such as dizziness and vomiting disappeared.Three months after the treatment, in the primary cerebral hemisphere and multiple calcifications in the brain parenchyma, the lesions significantly reduced in cranial imaging.The child was followed up for 11 months and displayed no clinical symptoms.New hair was dense at the alopecia area, and skin color, texture and grain were close to normal at the damaged area.In the review of domestic literature, treatment and prognosis were not involved.Foreign literatures reported 5 cases of children, with the first choice of Methylprednisolone being combined with MTX treatment, significant effect was observed, and consistent with the treatment of this case.Conclusions:In order to detect and treat them as early as possible and improve the prognosis, LSES patients should undergo cranial integrity assessment and neurological imaging examination at an early stage, regardless of clinical manifestations of nervous system involvement.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of oxidative stress on ventricular arrhythmias in rabbits with adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy and the relationship between oxidative stress and ventricular arrhythmia. Forty Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 in each): control group, metoprolol (a selective β1 receptor blocker) group, carvedilol (a nonselective β blocker/α-1 blocker) group and adriamycin group. Models of adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy were established by intravenously injecting adriamycin hydrochloride (1 mg/kg) to rabbits via the auri-edge vein twice a week for 8 weeks in the adriamycin, metoprolol and carvedilol groups. Rabbits in the control group were given equal volume of saline through the auri-edge vein. Rabbits in the metoprolol and carvedilol groups were then intragastrically administrated metoprolol (5 mg/kg/d) and carvedilol (5 mg/kg/d) respectively for 2 months, while those in the adriamycin and control groups were treated with equal volume of saline in the same manner as in the metroprolol and carvedilol groups. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by echocardiography. Plasma levels of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), malondialdehyde (MAD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected. The left ventricular wedge preparations were perfused with Tyrode's solution. The transmural electrocardiogram, transmural action potentials from epicardium (Epi) and endocardium (Endo), transmural repolarization dispersion (TDR) were recorded, and the incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmias were obtained at rapid cycle lengths. The results showed that TDR and the serum MDA and NT-proBNP levels were increased, and LVEF and the serum SOD level decreased in the adriamycin group compared with the control group. The incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmia were significantly higher in the adriamycin group than those in the control group (P<0.05). In the carvedilol group as compared with the adriamycin group, the serum SOD level and the LVEF were substantially increased; the TDR, and the serum MDA and NT-proBNP levels were significantly decreased; the incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmia were obviously reduced (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of MDA and SOD, LVEF, TDR and the incidences of triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmia between the adriamycin group and the metoprolol group. It was concluded that carvedilol may inhibit triggered activity and ventricular arrhythmias in rabbit with adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy, which is related to the decrease in oxygen free radials.