Objective To explore the follow-up value of phonocardiogram D/S ratio in CHF patients with treatment.Methods Forty-eight CHF patients who had never under-went regular treatment were collected in our hospital,given the regular anti-heart failure treatment for 3 months.NYHA heart failure classification,resting heart rate(RHR),and D/S ratio of phonocardiogram were recorded,six-minutes walk distance(6MWD),Left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDd),the left ventricular ejection(LVEF) were tested before and after treatment.After 3-month treatment,the resting heart rate 65 times as the watershed,the patients were classified into two groups:one was up to standard,and the other was not up to standard.D/S ratio,RHR,6MWD,LVEDD,LVEF and the improvement of the heart function were compared between the two group.Results Exception the resting heart rate,the in-dicators had no significant improvement in the group of not up to standard compared with the before treatment,and D/S ratio, 6MWD,LVEF was improved significantly after three months treatment(P <0.05).In the group of up to standard,the D/S ratio was improved significantly after one months treatment(P <0.05),while after three months treatment all indicators were improved significantly(P <0.05).Comparison between the two groups,the RHR,D/S ratio were significantly improved(P <0.05 ),LVEF was significantly improved after three months treatment(P <0.05).At the same time,the D/S ratio,6MWD and NYHA classifica-tion of cardiac function was significant negatively correlated(P <0.05).Conclusion The D/S ratio could reflect heart functional im-provements in patients with CHF after anti-heart failure treatment,and it could reflect the heart functional improvement earlier and more significant in the group up to standard,it has a good clinic follow-up value in CHF patients with anti-heart failure treatment.

Analogous formulae (AF) refer to a set of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae sharing similar herbs and/or indications. Dissecting functional chemome of analogous formulae could enhance the understanding of the intrinsic nature of TCM. In this study, taking 5 Xiaoqinglong decoction analogous formulae (XQL AF) including Xiaoqinglong decoction, Mahuang Xingren Shigao Gancao decoction, Mahuang Fuzi decoction, Houpu Mahuang decoction and Daqinglong decoction as example, we systematically investigated the relationship between compounds and indications using network formulaology approach. The functional chemome of XQL AF were revealed by network analysis and molecular docking. This successful application in XQL AF suggests network formulaology could be a useful tool for AF-related research and therefore provide a new way to discover the scientific foundation of Zhang Zhongjing's herbal formulae.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Docking Simulation

Objective To study the gene mutation of a Chinese family with Alport syndrome and to perform preimplantation genetic diagnosis before embryo implantation.Methods Next generation sequence analysis was done for checking COL4A3,COL4A4 and COL4A5 genes in the Alport syndrome family members.Array comparative genomic hybridization(CGH) was used to detect the embryos.Results A mutation c.2605G ＞ A was found and identified in COL4A5 gene of all of the Alport syndrome patients in the family,but COL4A3 and COL4A3 genes were normal in all of the detected people.After searching for the mutation database,the mutation c.2605G ＞ A of COL4A5 gene was related to the X-linked dominant Alport syndrome.Three embryos were detected by using the preimplantation genetic diagnosis.Among these embryos,there were two male and one female.One of the male embryos was chromosomal aneuploidy,which was 45,XY,-16 and the other was normal.This normal embryo was implanted,and after 20 weeks the prenatal amniocentesis diagnosis approved that the fetus was normal.Conclusions The mutation of COL4A5 gene (c.2605 G ＞ A) is the cause of Alport syndrome in this family,which indicates that next generation sequence analysis proves to be an accurate and rapid method to detect Alport syndrome disease.Meanwhile array CGH can be used to reduce birth rates as a useful preimplantation genetic diagnosis method.

Cooperation hydrogen production was carried out using Rhodopseudomonas sp. DT and Enterobacter aerogenes. The effects of the initial ratio of Rhodopseudomonas sp. DT and E. aerogenes, culture temperature, and carbon source on the cooperation hydrogen production were investigated. The results suggested that cooperation hydrogen production rate was highly affected by the initial ratio of Rhodopseudomonas sp. DT and E. aerogenes. The mixed bacteria of Rhodopseudomonas sp. DT and E. aerogenes with 1:1 initial ratio benefited to the cooperation hydrogen production, which led the hydrogen production rate and duration of gas production to 3.1 mol H2/mol glucose and 81 h, respectively. The pH dynamics analysis of culture medium further discovered that the pH of the mixed bacteria with 1:1 initial ratio changed from 6 to 7 smaller than other conditions, which was probably fitted to produce hydrogen. Furthermore, the mixed bacteria with 1:1 initial ratio had the higher hydrogen production efficiency at temperatures of 28?C and 37?C than at 20?C, and without any hydrogen production at temperature of 50?C. The carbon sources of glucose, succinate acid, malic acid could be used to produce hydrogen by the mixed bacteria. Even the soluble starch, unused by Rhodopseudomonas sp. DT, was also decomposed by the mixed bacteria to produce hydrogen with the conversion efficiency of 8.22%. The glucose was the optimal carbon resource, and the conversion efficiency could reach to 36.11%. The results, further, implied that the cooperation hydrogen production could enlarge the use of the carbon sources.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activity on tau phosphorylation in HEK293/tau441 cells and its mechanism. HEK293/tau441 cells were treated with 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), a PARP-1 inhibitor, at different doses (0.5, 1, 2, 4 mmol/L). After 24 h, the cell morphology was observed under phase contrast microscope, tau phosphorylation level in different sites (tau-1, tau-5, Thr231) and the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) were detected by Western blotting. The results showed: (1) 3-AB at different doses failed to change the morphology of cells; (2) The 3-AB-induced decrease in activity of PARP-1 resulted in increase of unphosphorylation level in tau-1(Ser195/198/199/202) sites; (3) The phosphorylation of tau was decreased in Thr231 site, while the total tau was slightly changed after 3-AB treatment; (4) With the increased phosphorylation of GSK-3 at Ser9 site, the activity of GSK-3 was decreased after 3-AB treatment. The results suggest that the inhibition of PARP-1 by 3-AB could decrease tau phosphorylation in HEK293/tau441 cells probably through decreasing GSK-3 activity.
Benzamides ; pharmacology ; Depression, Chemical ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Phosphorylation ; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; metabolism ; tau Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To explore alcohol pharmacokinetics as well as acetaldehyde level in peripheral blood in human subjects with different ALDH2 genotypes after drinking. METHODS: Venous blood samples of 14 unrelated volunteers were collected. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technology was adopted for DNA extraction and ALDH2 genotyping. The volunteers were asked to drink beer at certain doses. The concentration of alcohol and acetaldehyde were assayed by headspace gas chromatography method at different time. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS: According to the results of electrophoresis, 5 people carried ALDH2*1/*1 as wild group and 9 people carried ALDH2*1/*2 as mutation group. The good linear range of alcohol and acetaldehyde were 0-1 570.7 microg/mL and 0-5.1772 microg/mL, respectively. The AUC values of alcohol and acetaldehyde and the t1/2Z value of alcohol were higher in the mutation group than that in the wild group. But the CL/F value of alcohol was lower in the mutation group than that in the wild group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION After the consumption of alcohol, alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism in blood slow down in ALDH2*1/*2 mutation group influenced by the inhibition of enzyme activity, leading to the accumulation of acetaldehyde in peripheral blood, thus reinforcing their effects in the body.
Alcohol Drinking ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase/genetics* ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial ; Ethanol/metabolism* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Interleukin-3 receptor (IL-3R) is a heterodimeric membrane receptor. The α subunit is essential for ligand binding and confers ligand specificity to the receptor. The common beta chain (βc) subunit, which is shared by the granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-3 and IL-5 receptors, is required for high-affinity ligand binding and signal transduction, mediating growth and survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells and the production and activation of mature hematopoietic cells. In order to investigate the role of IL-3 receptor system (IL-3Rα, GM-CSFRα and hβc) in myeloid differentiation, the expression level of IL-3 receptor system gene in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced NB4 cell differentiation was detected by quantitative real time RT-PCR. At the same time, DNA sequence change was analyzed by cDNA sequencing. The results showed that the expression level of IL-3Rα mRNA was obviously down-regulated in NB4 cells treated with ATRA for 24 hours, but during differentiation of ATRA induced NB4 cells, the expression level of IL-3Rα mRNA was gradually restored, while the expression levels of GM-CSFRα mRNA and hβc mRNA were gradually up-regulated. The sequence of IL-3Rα and GM-CSFRα gene did not change before and after NB4 cells differentiation, but the sequence of hβc gene changed when NB4 cells were treated with ATRA, the expression of hβc mRNA sequence before NB4 cell differentiation taken truncated mutation as dominant, as regards expression of hβc mRNA sequence after NB4 cell differentiation, the truncated mutation of hβc mRNA had restored to wild type. It is concluded that the IL-3 receptor abnormality exists in NB4 cells, over expression of IL-3Rα and truncated mutation of hβc may be involved in proliferation and differentiation block in NB4 cells.
Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytokine Receptor Common beta Subunit ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology

Hematopoiesis is coordinated by a complex regulatory network of transcription factors that involves proliferation, differentiation and maturation of a very small population of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells with self-renewing and differentiating into various specialized and distinct blood cell types. Malfunction of transcription factors may lead to diseases such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of transcription factor mRNA in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells during in vitro differentiation. The 2 human leukemic cell lines HL-60 and NB4 had been used as model cell lines. Differentiation of HL-60 and NB4 cells was induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for 4 days. Morphological changes were observed by May-Grunwald Giemsa stainings, the CD11b expression level was detected by flow cytometry. Transcription factor mRNA profiles (PU.1, C/EBPα, ε, γ, GATA-1, GATA-2) were determined by real time RT-PCR during in vitro HL-60 and NB4 differentiation; The expression level of transcription factor mRNA was relatively quantitatively analyzed by using 2(-ΔΔCT) and compared with control group. The results showed that the expression levels of PU.1 and C/EBP ε mRNA in NB4 differentiation group were 5.75 and 6.16, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in untreated group; while the expression level of C/EBPα, γ, GATA-1, GATA-2 mRNA in NB4 differentiation group were 62%, 31%, 63% and 8.7% respectively, which were significantly lower than those in untreated group; In HL-60 differentiation group, the expression levels of PU.1, C/EBPα, ε were 1.97, 1.95 and 2.35 respectively, which were significantly higher than those in untreated group; while the expression levels of C/EBPγ, GATA-1, GATA-2 in HL-60 differentiation group were 20%, 21% and 18% respectively, which were significantly lower than those in untreated group. It is concluded that dysregulation of transcription factors is a key contributing factor in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia.
Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology

Background:Accurate evaluation of the plain radiography of lower limb is critical for preoperative planning of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We aimed to investigate the effect of femoral lateral bowing and rotation on the radiographic measurements of distal femoral condyle resection thickness (DRT) and the distal femoral resection valgus angle (FVA). Methods: We analyzed 246 three?dimensional femoral models generated from computed tomography images of 123 patients, acquiring projected contours in seven positions – 20° and 10° internal rotation; 0° rotation; 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40° external rotation – for each model. Medial and lateral condyle DRTs, femoral shaft lateral bowing angle (FBA), and distal FVA were determined for each position. Linear mixed effect model was used to determine the effect of degree of femur rotation on repeated measurements of DRT or FVA. Results: FBA significantly affected the FVA and DRT (Pearson's R = 0.767 and ?0.408, respectively; P < 0.000). Samples were divided into three groups according to the FBA measured in neutral position: FBA <0°: DRT 3.75 ± 1.30 mm, FVA 4.53° ± 1.27°; FBA >0° but <3°: DRT 3.39 ± 1.31 mm, FVA 5.92° ± 1.31°; FBA >3°: DRT 2.22 ± 1.31 mm, FVA 7.37° ± 1.31°. From simulated 20° internal rotation to 40° external rotation in each femoral model, the average variation ranges of radiographically measured DRT, FVA, and FBA were 0.50 ± 0.28 mm, 2.93° ± 0.96°, and 10.33° ± 1.90°, respectively, with no significant differences among the FBA groups. The degree of femoral rotation significantly affected the FVA (F = 62.148, P < 0.000), whereas there was no effect on condyle resection thickness (F = 0.4705, P = 0.494). Conclusions: Axial femoral rotation has less effect on radiographic measurements of differences in the DRT than on those of the distal FVA.

Background: During cup implantation,vertical height of the cup center(V-HCC)should be precisely controlled to achieve sufficient bone-cup coverage(BCC).Our study aimed to investigate the acetabular bone stock and the quantitative relationship between V-HCC and BCC in Crowe types Ⅰ to Ⅲ hips.Methods: From November 2013 to March 2016,pelvic models of 51 patients(61 hips)with hip dysplasia were retrospectively reconstructed using a computer software.Acetabular height and doom thickness were measured on the mid-acetabular coronal cross section.V-HCC was defined as the vertical distance of cup rotational center to the interteardrop line(ITL).In the cup implantation simulation,the cup was placed at the initial preset position,with a V-HCC of 15 mm,and moved proximally by 3-mm increments.At each level,the BCC was automatically calculated by computer.Analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the differences between groups.Results: There were no significant between-group differences in maximum thickness of the acetabular doom; however,peak bone stock values were obtained at heights of 41.63±5.14 mm(Crowe type Ⅰ),47.58 ± 4.10 mm(Crowe type Ⅱ),and 55.78 ± 3.64 mm(Crowe type Ⅲ)above the ITL.At 15 mm of V-HCC,median BCC was 78％(75-83％)(Crowe type Ⅰ),74％(66-71％)(Crowe typeⅡ),and 61％(57-68％)(Crowe type Ⅲ).To achieve 80％of the BCC,the median V-HCC was 16.27(15.00-16.93)mm,18.19(15.01-21.53)mm,and 24.13(21.02-28.70)mm for Crowe types Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ hips,respectively.Conclusion: During acetabular reconstruction,slightly superior placement with V-HCC ＜25 mm retained sufficient bone coverage in Crowe Ⅰ to Ⅲ hips.