There are two types of Chinese medicine, i.e., "Shihu" and "Tiepi shihu", using the stems of species of Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) as original materials. In order to understand species of Dendrobium using in Chinese medicine, taxonomic investigation and revision were performed. Our results indicated that about sixty species of sect. Dendrobium, sect. Formosae, and Sect. Stachyobium, are used as raw materials of "Shihu". Seven species of Dendrobium moniliforme complex and four species in Dendrobium officinale complex were recognized.
Dendrobium ; classification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; classification

Objective To detect the difference of intensity of A ,B ,H antigen on erythrocytes between neonates and adult .Meth-ods Anti-A ,anti-B and anti-H serum were diluted in multiple proportions ,then add the sample erythrocytes into the test tube to react with the serum above .Observe the agglutination between the erythrocytes and the serum ,and score for every agglutination re-action .The total of the score in different dilution of every sample were brought into statistics analysis by SPSS software .Results The A ,B ,H antigen intensity on the surface of erythrocyte of neonates were less than that of adult (P<0 .05) .And no matter neo-nates or adult ,the A antigen intensity on the surface of type A erythrocytes were higher than that of B antigen on the surface of type B erythrocyte(P<0 .05) .The A ,B ,H antigen intensity have no significant difference between adult male and female (P>0 .05) .Conclusion There is a significant difference of A ,B ,H antigen intensity on erythrocytes between neonates and adult .It also can be concluded that the varity of the antigen has effect on intensity of A ,B ,H antigen in erythrocytes ,except sex .

Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane postconditioning on the renal injury induced by hind limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =8 each):sham operation group (group S),group I/R and sevoflurane group (group Spo).Limb ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral hind limbs for 4 h followed by 6 h reperfusion.In group Spo,sevoflurane was inhaled for 6 h at the end-tidal concentration of 2.5 ％ before reperfusion,while pure oxygen was inhaled instead of sevoflurane in groups S and I/R.Blood samples were taken from the inferior vena cava at 6 h of reperfusion to determine the serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations.The rats were then sacrificed and the kidney was removed for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and for microscopic examination.Results The levels of BUN,Cr,MDA,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher,the SOD content was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05),and the pathological damage was severer in groups I/R and Spo than in group S.Compared with group I/R,the levels of BUN,Cr,MDA,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased,the SOD content was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),and the pathological damage was attenuated in group S.Conclusion Sevoflurane postconditioning can reduce the renal injury induced by hind limb I/R in rats,and the reduction of oxygen radical release and inhibition of inflammatory response may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To investigate the correlation between vertical infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and Hofbauer cell in placenta.Methods Placental structural change,the correlation between HBV infection and Hofbauer cell in 14 vertical transmission cases(HBsAg and HBV-DNA seropositive in both mothers and their neonates),62 non-vertical transmission cases(HBsAg and HBV-DNA seropositive in mothers,but HBsAg and HBV-DNA seronegative in their neonates) and 10 controls(HBsAg and HBV-DNA seronegative in both mothers and their neonates) were determined by inmumohistochemical techniques and photomicroscopy.Results 1.necrosis,edema,villi capillary sclerosis,intravillifibrosis,fibrinoial sendimentation,morphokarrioleukocyet,lymphacyte,granulocyte were observed in placentas both vertical transmission cases and non-vertical transmission cases.2.Placental HBsAg postive rate in vertical transmission cases was 100%,but 58% in non-vertical transmission cases.There was significant difference in two groups(P=(0.013)).The positive sign was observed in trophoblast cell,Hofbauer cell and endothelial cell.3.Total Hobauer cell and ones combined with HBV in placentas of vertical transmission cases obviously increased(P

Antirheumatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Juvenile ; therapy ; Biological Products ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Humans

Carcinoma, Papillary ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; genetics ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; genetics

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of breast carcinoma in elderly female patients and to offer the standard clinical diagnosis and treatment for breast carcinoma.Methods A total of 178 patients admitted to Breast Center of Beijing Hospital from January to December 2011 were enrolled in this retrospective study.Patients were divided into non-elderly group and elderly group.Clinical features,imaging diagnosis,operation patterns and pathological diagnosis were recorded.The data were analyzed by using SAS 9.1 software.Results The patients diagnosed as breast carcinomas in BI-RAD 4-5 categories by mammography were much more in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (82.1％ vs.63.0％,P＜0.05).The diagnostic accuracy rates of ultrasonography and mammography in the elderly group were comparable(P＞ 0.05),while in the non-elderly group,the diagnostic accuracy rate of ultrasonography was higher than that of mammography (P＜0.05).The incidence of concurrent diseases was higher in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (P＜0.05).The patients undergoing breast resection operation were much more in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (14 cases vs.3 cases,P＜0.05).The pathological diagnosis analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the number of ER-positive cells and PR-positive cells,tumor size,histological grade,pathological stage between the two groups (all P＞0.05).The incidence of lymph node metastasis was lower in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (P＜0.05).The percentage of Ki-67 positive cells was lower in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (P＜0.05).The percentage of CerbB-2 strongly positive (+++) cells was lower in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (5.1 ％ vs.24％,P＜0.05).The invasive ductal carcinoma was the major histological type of breast cancer in both two groups,but there were more mixed type and other type carcinomas in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Ultrasonograpy and mammography have better sensitivity for breast cancer in elderly female patients.The surgical protocols are often influenced because more concurrent diseases have occurred in the elderly.There are significant differences in some prognostic factors between the two groups,which may imply a better prognosis in elderly patients.

Paeoniae Rubra Radix (PRR) with the function of clearing heat and cooling blood, dissipationg blood stasis and relieving pain, has been widely used in clinics. PRR, containing total glucosides of paeony, tannins, flavones, and volatile oil, is the current research focus because its significant hepatoprotective, antitumor, neuroprotective, and cardio-protective effect thus far, as well as its antithrombosis and anti-oxidative activities. According to vast information from literatures in the last decade, we summarize the chemical compositions and pharmacological actions, in hopes of offering more clues for further research as well as clinical application of PRR. Meanwhile, despite of enormous progress has been made all over the international research on PRR, the development of relevant safe and effective agents is still needed. At present, the definition of the mechanism and the extension of the clinical application remain as the primary tasks of the exploration of PRR.

Multiple myeloma is a neoplasm of mature and immature plasma cells, it remains an incurable disease using conventional chemotherapy and increasing aggressive approaches. In recent years, due to the better understanding of myeloma biology, genetics and tumor formation, there are lots of new active drugs or combinational chemotherapy regimens having been developed, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents etc, they are more effective than conventional chemotherapy. This article summarizes the recent advances with the new options for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; drug therapy ; Oligopeptides ; therapeutic use

Objective To evaluate diagnostic value of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)in ringlike- enhanced lesions.Methods Nine abscesses,12 glioblastomas,10 metastases confirmed clinically or pathologically underwent conventional MRI and DTI.Average diffusion coefficient(ADC)value,fractional anisotropy(FA)value and maps were calculated in the central portion and peripheral edema of the lesions. Results On DTI,the abscesses displayed as hyperintense signal with hypointense or isointense signal of edema;but glioblastomas and metastases all showed as hypointense signal with isointense or hypointense signal of edema.On ADC map,the abscesses showed as hypointense signal,the mean ADC value was (0.66?0.07)x10~(-3)mm~2/s,The mean ADC value were(2.50?0.11)x10~(-3)mm~2/s and(2.37?0.52)x10~(-3)mm~2/s for the glioblastomas and metastases,respectively,all demonstrated as hyperintense signal with slightly hyperintense signal of edema.The difference between abscess and necrotic tumors was statistically significant(F=108.80,P