OBJECTIVE: To establish the method to analyze γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and its precursors 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in urine through LC-MS/MS and provide evidence for related cases. METHODS: GHB-d6 and MOR-d3 were used as the internal standard. The urine sample was separated by LC after protein precipitation with methanol. The electrospray ion source was for ionization. Each compound was detected through multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. RESULTS: The limits of detection of GHB and its precursors 1,4-BD and GBL were 0.1, 0.1 and 2 μg/mL. The accuracy was 87.6%-98.1%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 15% and matrix effects were higher than 80%. CONCLUSION The method is high sensitive, simple, rapid, specific and with high reliability. This study has provided technical support and basic data for forensic cases involving GHB.
4-Butyrolactone/urine* ; Butylene Glycols/urine* ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Forensic Sciences ; Humans ; Hydroxybutyrates/urine* ; Mass Spectrometry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Antirheumatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Juvenile ; therapy ; Biological Products ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Humans

Hospitals ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; Quality Control ; Wounds and Injuries ; epidemiology

Acupuncture Points ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Bacterial biodiversities of microbial mat and sediments, which were sampled from thermal springs of Tengchong Rehai in Yunnan, were preliminarily studied with PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Directly extracted total DNA from environmental samples amplified by PCR with two sets of bacteria-specific primers. The PCR products, which include the V 8 and V 9 high-variable regions respectively, were analyzed by using DGGE. The DGGE profiles not only indicated the existence of higher levels of bacterial diversity, but also showed that the microbial mat and sediments have different dominant bacteria. Furthermore, the bacterial PCR-DGGE displayed clear profiles of bacterial structure selected by the key abiotic factors of the extreme environments, such as temperature and concentration of oxygen.

Objective:To observe the instant analgesic effect of Governor Vessel-regulating and collateral-unblocking acupuncture method in treating primary headache and to inherit and carry forward the academic achievements of Gao's acupuncture school in Yanzhao (Hebei Province) area. Methods:Eighty eligible primary headache patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group following their visiting sequence, 40 patients in each group. The observation group was intervened by Yanzhao Gao's Governor Vessel-regulating and collateral-unblocking acupuncture, and the control group was intervened by ordinary acupuncture method. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the headache intensity before and after the first treatment session in the two groups, to compare the instant analgesic effect of the two acupuncture methods. Results:After the first treatment session, the VAS scores dropped significantly in both groups (both P<0.05). The change of VAS score after the initial treatment in the observation group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05). The percentage of patients with headache completely vanished instantly after the first treatment was markedly higher in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The two acupuncture methods both can produce a significant instant analgesic effect in treating primary headache, while Yanzhao Gao's Governor Vessel-regulating and collateral-unblocking acupuncture method is superior to ordinary acupuncture method.

ObjectiveTo estimate the value of transthoracic coronary flow Doppler imaging to detect coronary flow reserve (CFR) changes in patient with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). Methods Fifty patients with OSA who hospitalized or were outpatient in Aerospace 731 Hospital during the period of 2010 March to 2013 December were enrolled in this study and were divided into three groups according to apnea hypopnea index (AHI). Eighteen cases of patients which AHI was greater than 5 and less than 20 were defi ned as mild group, 16 cases of patients which AHI was more than 20 and less than 40 were defi ned as middle group, 16 cases of patients which AHI was greater than 40 were defi ned as severe group. The diastolic peak velocity (PDV) and meanfl ow velocity (MDV) of the distance segment of left anterior descending coronary (LAD) were measured by transthoracic echocardiography at rest and after intravenous infusion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Meanwhile, CFR was calculated. Forty healthy persons were chosen as control group. Thettest was used to compare the difference of PDV, MDV and CFR between OSA group and healthy controls. The single factor analysis of variance was used to compare the difference of PDV, MDV and CFR in patients with different AHI. SNK -q test was used to compare in different OSA groups. Thet test was used to compare the difference of PDV, MDV among OSA group, healthy control and OSA groups with different AHI at rest and after intravenous infusion of ATP.ResultsCoronaryfl ow velocity Doppler signals were successfully obtained in all the groups. PDV ([92.78±7.68] cm/s) and MDV ([85.93±6.98] cm/s) after intravenous infusion of ATP in control group were significant higher than those at rest ([28.09±4.55] cm/s and [21.76±5.09] cm/s) (t=49.687 and 58.259, bothP<0.001). PDV ([82.73±6.91] cm/s) and MDV ([77.39±6.73] cm/s) after intravenous infusion of ATP in OSA group were signifi cant higher than those at rest ([29.93±3.66] cm/s and [22.28±4.15] cm/s) (t=55.381 and 47.700, bothP<0.001). There was no statistically signifi cant difference between PDV and MDV at rest in OSA group and control group. The difference of PDV and MDV between OSA group and normal group was statistically signifi cant after intravenous infusion of ATP (t=6.524 and 5.884, bothP<0.01). There was no statistically signifi cant difference between OSA groups with different AHI at rest. There were statistically signifi cant difference between OSA groups with different AHI after intravenous infusion of ATP (5≤AHI<20:t=-32.903 and-32.771, both P=0.000; 20≤AHI<40:t=-37.122 and-32.623, bothP=0.000; AHI>40:t=-28.197 and-20.184, both P=0.000). PDV and MDV of patients with AHI>40 were less than those of patients with 5≤AHI <20 and 20≤AHI<40 and the differences were statistically signifi cant (PDV:q=21.048 and 15.667, bothP<0.05; MDV:q=12.958 and 18.182, bothP<0.05). However, the differences of PDV and MDV was not statistically signifi cant between patients with 5≤AHI<20 and patients with 20≤AHI<40.The CFRmax and CFRmean in OSA group were lower than those in control group (t=5.310 and 6.430, bothP=0.000). There were statistically signifi cant difference for CFRmax and CFRmean in patients with different AHI and the difference decreased with severity of OSA increased. The CFRmax and CFRmean in patients with 5≤AHI<20 were higher than those in patients with 20≤AHI<40 and AHI>40 (CFRmax:q=2.889 and 4.142, bothP<0.05; CFRmean:q=3.080 and 4.204, bothP<0.05). There was no statistical signifi cant difference for CFRmax and CFRmean between patients with 20≤AHI<40 and patients with AHI>40.ConclusionsIn patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, transthoracic coronaryfl ow imaging combined with intravenous infusion of adenosine triphosphate shows impaired in CFR. It means the patients with OSA have a coronary artery microcirculation impairment in early stage. Assessing CFR in the patients with OSA is of important clinical value for the evaluation of treatment effective of medicine and surgery and follow-up.

Objective To explore the influence of hemodialysis(HD) and henodiafiltation on serum ?_2-microglobulin(?_2-MG) of children with acute renal failure and contrast research on declining rate of serum ?_2-MG before and after(children′s) HD and HDF.(Met-)hods By Branc Dialog HD machine of double-pump,HDF for 18 times and HD for 20 times were given to children with acute renal(fai-)lure.The serum ?_2-MG were observed before and after HD and HDF.Results A great difference was observed in level of serum ?_2-MG between before and after HD and HDF.In HDF group,there was significant difference in level of serum ?_2-MG before and after HDF(P

Objective To study the changes of serum interleukin(IL)-4,IL-12 and correlation with cellular immunity in children with asthma of different stages.Methods Fifty asthmatic children were randomly selected, including 30 cases in attack stage (group A) and 20 cases in remission stage (group R). At the same time, 22 healthy children were studied as normal controls (group N).The levels of IL-12 and IL-4 ,T cells subgroups and erythrocyte immunity were detected.Results 1.Serum IL-12 levels were (24.44? 13.26 ),(42.30?12.65),(44.68?28.28) ng/L in group A, R and N,respectively. There was significant difference in three groups (F=8.92 P

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Humans ; Infant ; Inpatients ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; etiology ; mortality ; therapy ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate