Objective:To investigate the Foxp3 expression in murine model of type 1 diabetes mellitus and the effects of Foxp3 in the pathogenic mechanism of type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods:Type 1 diabetes mellitus of mouse was induced by STZ.The Foxp3 expression in the spleen cells was detected at the mRNA level by RT-PCR and at protein level by Western blot.The percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in the spleens were detected by Flow cytometry.Results:The expressing levels of Foxp3 mRNA and scurfin in the model group was higher than those of control group within the first week after induction,but the expressing level of Foxp3 mRNA and Scurfin began to decrease on day 7 and were lower than those of control group on day 30.The percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in model group was similar with that of control group within the first week after induction,but after day 7,the percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in model group began to get lower than contol group.Conclusion:The expressing level of Foxp3 is decreased,then the proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells is decreased accordingly,which may contribute to the pathogenic mechanism in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

To determine the distribution and drug resistance tendency of Gram-negative bacillus so as to provide a reasonable selection for antibiotic in clinical treatment.The clinical isolates bacillus were mainly Gram-Negative bacillus during three years.The detection out ratio for Gram-Negative bacillus had decreased gradually but the ratio for non-fermental gram-negative bacillus had increased.The combinations of antibiotic and enzyme inhibitor has more antibacterial activity to non-fermental gram-negative bacillus than antibiotic.The detection out ratio for ESBLs had gradually increased.

Aim To investigate the effect of sphingo-sine kinase 1 (SphK1 )on unilateral ureteral obstruc-tion(UUO)-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis and ex-plore the possible mechanism.Methods The CD-1 mice were randomly divided into four groups:sham-op-eration group(Sham),PF-543 treatment control group (Sham +PF-543),model group(UUO)and PF-543 treatment group(UUO +PF-543).On 1 ,3,7 and 1 4 d after operation,eight mice were selected randomly from each group and sacrificed.The protein expressions of SphK1 ,mature TGF-β1 ,FN,ColⅠ,LC3,Beclin1 ,Atg5 and Atg1 2 were observed by Western blot.The histo-logical changes were examined by Masson′s trichrome stain.Immunhistochemistry was performed to measure the levels of expression of SphK1 ,FN and Col Ⅰ. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the autophagic body.Results SphK1 expression and autophagy were both upregulated in a mouse model of kidney fibrosis induced by UUO. Meanwhile, in-creased mature TGF-β1 and deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM)were observed in tubulointerstitial areas compared with sham-operated mice.After intraperito-neal injection with the SphK1 specific inhibitor PF-543 in UUO mice,enhanced expression of SphK1 and acti-vated autophagy were significantly abrogated.Howev-er,aggravation of renal fibrosis was detected when SphK1 inhibitor PF-543 was applied to suppress SphK1 expression in UUO mice.Conclusion SphK1 activa-tion is renoprotective through the induction of autoph-agy in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis.

Psoralen is one of the effective ingredients extracted from Chinese herbal medicine Psoralea corylifolia. Studies have found that psoralen has an estrogenic effect and can regulate the estrogen receptor. Psoralen can exert phytoestrogenic effects such as anti-tumor, anti-osteoporosis, anti-oxidation and protection of cardiovascular. This article reviewed the research progress of phytoestrogenic effects of psoralen.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Meningioma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Platelet Activating Factor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo discuss the replantation of fingertip amputation in lack of availability of intravenous anastomosis.

METHODSFrom November 2009 to November 2010, 86 patients (104 fingers) with fingertip amputation were treated with replantatioin, including 64 males and 22 females, with an average age of 26 years ranging from 2 to 64 years. The time from injury to therapy was from 30 min to 12 h, time of broken finger ischemia was from 2.5 to 12 h. Preoperative examination showed no obvious abnormalities. Four different replantation methods were selectively applied to these 104 amputated fingertips of 86 cases: (1) replantation with anastomosis of single or bilateral proper digital artery in 37 fingers; (2) replantation with arteriovenous bypass in 27 fingers; (3) replantation with exclusive anastomosis of digital artery in 24 fingers; (4) replantation with removing the palmar pocket method in 16 fingers.

RESULTSOne hundred and two of 104 amputated fingertips were survived. Among these survived fingers,75 cases (92 fingers) were followed-up for 6 to 24 months. According to the assessment standard of Chinese Medical Association of Hand Surgery, the results were excellent in 52 cases, good in 19, poor in 4.

CONCLUSIONIt benefits to expand the indications and improve the survival rate of replantation of fingertip amputation with the correct choice of different replantation methods according to the injury situation of the broken fingertip artery after debridement under the microscope.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Amputation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Debridement ; Female ; Fingers ; physiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recovery of Function ; Replantation ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To develop an effective real time PCR method for genotyping mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2(ALDH2)Glu504Lys polymorphism based on the hydrolysis probes.Methods The Mg~(2+)and probe concentration were optimized,the precision and sensitivity were also checked.The genotypings by this method were confirmed by the direct sequencing of amplified PCR products.Results The optimized Mg~(2+)and probe concentration were 2.5 mmol/L and 1.0 ?mol/L,respectively.The inter- group(n=20)and intra-group(n=20)CVs of Ct were 1.38% and 1.48 %,respectively.The method could detect human DNA in the range of 5.0?10~2-5.0 ?10~6 pg per 25 ?l reaction.The results from 150 individuals by this genotyping method are in full concordance with that by direct PCR products sequencing.Conclusion The combined merits of reliability,flexibility and simplicity should make this method suitable for routine clinical testing and cost-efficient large-scale genotyping.

BACKGROUNDPrompt diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is an essential step in tuberculosis control and elimination. However, it is often difficult to accurately diagnose pediatric tuberculosis (TB). The tuberculin test (TST) may have a low specificity because of cross-reactivity with antigens present in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and other mycobacteria, especially in China with a predominantly BCG-vaccinated population. Early-secreted antigenic target 6-kDa protein (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10), stand out as suitable antigens that induce an interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secreting, T-cell-mediated immune response to infection. While, considered the higher costs and complexity of the IFN-γ release assay (TSPOT), we aimed to evaluate the TSPOT and TST test in the clinical diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis and to establish a diagnostic process suitable for China.

METHODSThe sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated in total seventy four children with active tuberculosis and fifty one nontuberculous children with other disease, and then the results were compared with TST. Logistic regression models were used to identify variables that were associated with positive results for each assay. The independent variables included sex, age, birth place, vaccination history, close contract with an active TB patient.

RESULTSThe sensitivity of TSPOT was higher than TST in active TB children with or without BCG vaccination, as well as in children with culture-confirmed TB. But the difference was not significant statistically. Combining results of the TSPOT and TST improved the sensitivity to 94.6%. Agreement of the TST and TSPOT was low (77.0%, κ = 0.203) in active TB patients. The difference in specificity between TSPOT and TST test was statistically significant (94.1% vs. 70.6%, P = 0.006). Specificity of the two tests in patients without prior BCG vaccination history was similar (80.0% vs. 60.0%). The concordance between the two tests results in BCG vaccinated subjects was low (71.7%, κ = 0.063). For TSPOT, none of the included risk factors was significantly associated with positive results. For TST, BCG vaccination (OR: 1.78; 95%CI: 1.30 - 2.00) was significantly associated with positive results.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough IFN-γ release assay had relatively high sensitivity and specificity, we also should consider the higher costs and complexity of this test. Therefore, TSPOT could be used as the complementary tool of TST in circumstances when a suspected patient with negative TST results, or to exclude a positive TST result caused by BCG vaccination.

BCG Vaccine ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; secretion ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tuberculin Test ; methods ; Tuberculosis ; diagnosis ; Vaccination

TLR2 activity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, tumor carcinogenesis and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. To establish a TLR2 receptor-based cell screening model, NF-kappaB promoter-driven luciferase reporter plasmids were transfected into human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) stably expressing human TLR2 and co-receptors CD14, TLR1 and TLR6. Single clones were then isolated and characterized. Using this screening system, a human TLR2-binding peptide C8 was obtained from the Ph.D.-7 Phage Display Peptide Library through biopanning and rapid analysis of selective interactive ligands (BRASIL). The binding characteristic of C8 with human TLR2 was evaluated by ELISA, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The NF-kappaB luciferase activity assay showed that C8 could activate the TLR2/TLR1 signaling pathway and induce the production of cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6. In conclusion, the TLR2 receptor-based cell screening system is successfully established and a new TLR2-binding peptide is identified by using this system.
Bacteriophages ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Genes, Reporter ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; metabolism ; Luciferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Peptide Library ; Peptides ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Toll-Like Receptor 1 ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 6 ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism