To improve the quality of experimental teaching,investigating the independent design experiments are carrying out in preventive medicine by public health experimental teaching center in our school.We take preventive medicine professional as an example,and besides the classical basis experiments,some experiments are verification project at present,in which students are not strongly interested.On the basis of the integration of the classic experiments,according to the national standard of the experimental method,we are trying to carry out part of the independent design experiments to meet the needs of students learning.The effect of those independent design experiments shows that it is appropriate carrying out independent design experiments on the basis of the existing classical experimental project in preventive medicine experimental teaching,to a certain extent,which will stimulate students' learning interest and enhance their sense of achievement.This study is conducive to the cultivation of medical students' innovation,independent thinking,analysis and problem-solving ability,practical ability and teamwork spirit.

Objective To analyze the outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with esophageal cancer after concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Methods A total of 135 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled in the clinical study from January 2008 to June 2015.The patients were treated with two-dimensional radiotherapy (56 patients) or three-dimensional radiotherapy (79 patients).The radiotherapy was delivered at a total dose of 60-64 Gy (1.8-2.0 Gy per fraction).The concurrent chemotherapy regimen consisted of fluorouracil plus cisplatin or paclitaxel plus cisplatin and was performed on days 1 and day 29 of radiotherapy.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall survival (OS)and progression-free survival (PFS) rates,the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis,and the Cox model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results The 1-,3-,and 5-year sample sizes were 96,31,16,respectively.The 1-,3-,and 5-year OS rates were 74.0％,39.0％,and 28.6％,respectively;the median OS time was 25 months.The 1-,3-,and 5-year PFS rates were 57.3％,27.3％,and 16.6％,respectively;the median PFS time was 15 months.The univariate analysis indicated that clinical stage,radiotherapy method,and M stage were prognostic factors for OS and PFS (P =0.006,0.000,and 0.032;P=0.017,0.004,and O.000).The multivariate analysis showed that clinical stage and radiotherapy method were independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS (P=0.006 and 0.000;P =0.033 and 0.023).Conclusions For non-surgical treatment of patients with esophageal cancer,concurrent chemoradiotherapy is a preferred strategy and has proven to be effective and tolerable.

Pesticides, especially chemistry pesticides with high toxicity, high residue, and difficult degradation are a kind of important environment pollutants and pesticide degradation by microorganisms is one of the powerful means to treat pesticide pollution. Many researchers conducted lots of studies on it. Types of pesticide degraders, construction of genetically engineered microorganisms, degrading mechanisms, degradation characteristics, influencing factors, applying effect and so on were summarized in this article. The research trend of degradation of pesticides by microorganisms and problems to be solved were also put forward.

Adult ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; adverse effects ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foscarnet ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; drug therapy ; etiology ; immunology ; virology ; Male

Aim To probe the effect of bambuterol on experimental asthma and its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic chracteristics,as well as its mechanism. Methods Experimental asthma model on guinea pigs was induced by histamine and ovalbumin in vivo and their trachea flake and pulmonary bar were emptied to the research in vitro respectively. Results Bambuterol inhibited asthma induced by histamine and ovalbumin in guinea pigs in a dose-dependent manner. Bambuterol gave no relaxation to all trachea flake,but the intragastric gavage(ig) of plasma of the bambuterol-treated guinea pigs relaxed trachea flake and pulmonary bar,and the effect on pulmonary bar was stronger than that on trachea flake. The peak value appeared about 4 h after administration,and the action continued for more than 24 h. Conclusion Bambuterol as pro-drug of terbutaline metabolized in body has a mild and permanent effect on the model of experimental asthma in guinea pigs.

BackgroundEndostatin (ES) is currently the strongest endogenous angiognesis inhibitor,and it can inhibit the occurrence of neovascularization.Various studies demonstrated that the poly RGD sequence can enhance the function of the ES gene.ObjectiveThis study was to evaluate the use of gene therapy of modified ES for alkaline burn-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV).MethodsOne hundred and two clean SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group,the pCI empty vector group,the pCI-ES group,and the pCI-RGDRGDES group.Corneal neovascularization models were established by placing a piece of 3 mm filter paper with 1 mol/L NaOH at the central cornea for 40 seconds.3 μg of the pCI blank vector,ES-tranfected pCI blank vector,or RGDRGD-ES-transfected pCI vector was injected into the superior bulbar conjunctiva after the alkali burn twice at 1-week intervals.Area of CNV and edema of the cornea in the various groups of rats were examined daily under the slit lamp biomicroscope.1,4,7 and 14 days after operation,the rats were sacrificed by the excessive anesthesia method and corneal tissues were obtained to evaluate pathological changes.The expression of CD34 in vascular endothelial cells was detected by immunochemistry to calculate the corneal neovascular density.The expressions of VEGF mRNA and Flk-1 protein in the corneas were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis.The use and maintenance of animals followed the Statement of ARVO.Results Seven to fourteen days after corneal alkali-burning,the corneal neovascular area was smaller in the pCI-ES group and pCI-RGDRGD-ES group compared with the normal control group and pCI blank vector group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01 ),and nevascular area in the pCI-RGDRGD-ES group was smaller than that in the pCI-ES group (P＜0.05).The expression level of CD34 was significantly lower in the pCI-ES group and pCI-RGDRGD-ES group than that in the normal control group and pCI blank vector group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01 ),and the expression level of CD34 was further declined in the pCI-RGDRGD-ES group compared with the pCI-ES group (P＜0.05 ).Compared with the normal control group and pCI vector group,the expressions of the Flk-1 protein and VEGF mRNA were decreased in the pCI-ES group and pCI-RGDRGD-ES group on the fourth day after corneal alkali-burning (P＜0.01,P＜0.05 ),and those in the pCI-RGDRGD-ES group were less than the pCI-ES group (P＜ 0.05,P＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Subconjunctival injection of both ES and modified RGDRGD-ES genes result in significant suppression of CNV in vivo,and modified RGDRGD-ES appears to be more effective than native ES.The main mechanism of ES in inhibiting neovascularization is to downregulate the expression of VEGF and Flk-1.

Background Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is a common ocular infectious disease.It can be cured by topical administration of antibiotics,but these antibiotic eye drops often was used several times per day at present.Azithromycin is thought to offer less using times and shorten the duration of treatment.Objective The purpose of this clinical trail was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of topical administration of 1％azithromycin eye drops for the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis.Methods This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital and followed the Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was obtained prior to entering into this trial.A randomized,double-blind and placebo-controlled study was designed.One hundred and eighty patients with acute bacterial conjunctivitis were enrolled in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College and Qingdao Municipal Hospital from may,2011 to September,2011.Azithromycin eye drops at the concentration of 1％ was topically administered on 89 eyes of 89 patients twice per day initial and once per day later for 9 days in the trial group,and placebo eye drops was used on 91 eyes of 91 patients in the same way in the control group.The inflammation response of all eyes was examined and scored under the slit lamp microscope,and germiculture was carried out.All adverse responses were assessed during the follow-up.Clinical efficacy was evaluated with the clinical cure rate as the primary indicator and bacterial clearance rate as the secondary indicator.The safety of drug was determined,including the ocular irritation sign,lens transparency and intraocular pressure.The differences of the examining results mentioned-above were compared with Chi Square test.Results One hundred and eighty patients completed the clinical trials according to the program without lost and exclusion cases.The clinical cure rate in 89 subjects in the trial group and 91 control individuals was 76.40％ (68/89) and 43.96％ (40/91),respectively,with significant difference between them (x2=19.73,P＜0.01).The bacterial eradication rate was 85.71％ (24/28) in the trial group and 60.53％ (23/38) in the control group,showing a significant difference (x2 =4.99,P＜0.05).Both 1％ azithromycin eye drops and placebo were well-tolerated with a low incidence of adverse events.Conclusions One percent azithromycin eye drops is effective and safe for the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis with less adverse reaction.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the architectural and cytological variations of plasma cell neoplasms, and discuss the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

METHODSHistological and immunohistochemical examinations were used to study the morphologic and immunophenotypic features of 46 cases of plasma cell neoplasms.

RESULTS40 out of 46 cases were diffuse growth pattern. 3 cases had a nestlike architecture that can mimic neuroendocrine tumors and 3 cases had a prominent fibrous sclerosis background. Amyloid deposition, calcification or ossification and angiomatoid areas can be prominent and may obscure the neoplastic plasma cells. Cytologically, 30 cases were composed of relatively mature plasma cells and can be recognized without too much difficulty. Tumor cells resembled immunoblasts in 6 cases and small lymphocytes in 4 cases. In another 2 cases tumor cells were easily confused with Signet-ring cells or clear cells. Tumor cells were composed of anaplastic cells, histocytoid cells and spindle cells in each one case, respectively. Lastly, tumor cells can be polymorphous which composed of multilobated, monocytoid or multinucleated cells in one case. 93.1% (27/29) cases expressed CD79a while only 5.1% (2/39) cases expressed CD20.87.1% (27/31) cases expressed CD38 and 83.3% (25/30) cases expressed CD138, 96.8% (30/31) cases expressed MUM-1. Light chain restrictions were detected in 38 cases, that 27 cases expressed lambda and 11 for kappa.

CONCLUSIONSExcept for the common architecture and cytology in plasma cell tumor, unusual morphology may appear. Thus, pay attention to distinguish from lymphoma such as small lymphocytic lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, pooly differentiated carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma or Signet-ring cell carcinoma, sarcoma, etc. And immunohistochemistry is essential in the diagonosis.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; CD79 Antigens ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains ; metabolism ; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nose Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Plasmacytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate rite effects of loag-term exposure to low-level sevoflurane on reproductive function in mice.Method F0ny male ICR mice,aged 60 d,weighlag 20-25 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=10 each):control group received no sevoflunme(C);group S1-3 were exposed to 0.003%.0.01% and 0.03% sevoflurane 2 h per day for 5 consecutive days per week for 8 weeks respectively. The mice were then sacrificed at the end of the 8 weeks.The testes and epididymis were emoved and sampled for determination of the activities of total lactic dehydregenase(LDH)and lactic dehydrogenase-X(LDH-X),and the motility rate,amount,and aberration rate of sperm.Testicular uhrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results The sperm motifity nne were significantly lower.the sperm aberration rate higher and the activity of LDH-X lower in group S3 than in group C(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the above parametem between group SI and group S2(P>0.05).The pathology changed of testes occurred only in group S3 among the 3 groups.Conclusion Long-term exposure to 0.03% sevoflurane can result in the abnormality of the reproductive function in male mice but exposure to≤0.01%sevoflurane dose not.