Acute and chronic graft rejection are the major factors leading to graft non-function.There is an active expression of chemokines early after transplantation.They recruit T cells and antigen presenting cells selectively to the graft, leading to inflammatory reaction and finally to graft non-function.Accordingly,monitoring the expression status of chemokines and their receptors regularly may help to the diagnose rejection.To determine one or more chemokines or their receptors as the new targets for anti-rejection therapy will be of great clinical significance.This review focuses on the research progression in the above areas.

Objective To investigate the relationship among carotid atherosclerosis,plasma homocysteine and D-dimer level in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Two hundred and eightyseven cases of patients with acute cerebral infarction treated in Pudong Hospital,Shanghai from January 2011 to March 2012 were enrolled into the observation group and 287 cases of healthy people not suffering from cerebral infarction or other patients had nothing to do with cerebrovascular disease were selected into the control group.The serum levels of plasma homocysteine were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and D-dimer level by double antibody clip method.At the same time,neck vascular artery ultrasound were performed by MycoCardR Reader Ⅱ.The relationship of carotid atherosclerosis with plasma homocysteine and D-dimer were compared between these two groups.Results There were significant differences on total cholesterol ((4.25 ± 0.92) mmol/L vs (4.98 ± 0.88) mmol/L,t =3.244,P ＜ 0.05),triacylglycerol ((1.48 ±0.82) mmol/L vs (1.78 ± 1.09) mmol/L,t =3.564,P ＜ 0.05),low density lipoprotein ((2.52-0.76) mmol/L vs (2.92 ± 0.73) mmol/L,t =2.987,P ＜ 0.05),high-density lipoprotein ((1.38 ± 0.26) mmol/L vs (1.06± 0.29) mmol/L,t =3.964,P ＜ 0.05),systolic pressure ((130.28 ± 14.78) mm Hg vs (152.98 ± 20.45) mm Hg,t =3.264,P ＜ 0.05),diastolic pressure ((78.45 ± 16.02) mm Hg vs (93.81 ± 16.88) mm Hg,t =2.785,P ＜0.05) and common carotid artery IMT(left:(0.86 ±0.41)mm vs (1.18 ±0.25)mm,t =2.164,P ＜0.05;right:(0.87 ± 0.39)mm vs (1.12 ± 0.29)mm,t =2.254,P ＜ 0.05) between observation group and control group.Homocysteine concentration and the D-dimer level of patients with carotid atherosclerosis were significant higher than that without carotid atherosclerosis (homocysteine concentration:(12.89 ± 6.56) μnol/L vs (3.17 ± 0.12) μnol/L,t =2.324,P ＜ 0.05 ; D-dimer level:(1.53 ± 0.59) mg/L vs (0.33 ± 0.23) mg/L,t =2.753,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The plasma homocysteine concentration and the D-dimer levels are correlated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

4-Hydroxycoumarins ; blood ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods

Objective To explore the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cell(AEC)and the dynamic changes of Caspase-3 mRNA and Bax and Bcl-2 expression in premature rat with hyperoxia-induced chronic lung disease(CLD).Methods Sixty premature rats within 1 day after birth were randomly divided into 2 groups:hyperoxia group(n=30)and control group(n=30).Hyperoxia-induced premature rat CLD models were prepared,and situ nick end-labeling(TUNEL),reverse transcription polymerasechain reaction(RT-PCR)and immunohistochemical technique were used to determine apoptosis index(AI)of AEC and the expressions of Caspase-3 mRNA and Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in lung tissues at 1,3,7,14 and 21 d after birth.Results Compared with control group,in the hyperoxia group,on the third day after exposured to hyperoxia,the AI of AEC and the expressions of Caspase-3 mRNA and Bax began to increase,and the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA was kept at high level on 7-21 d.The expression of Bcl-2 began to decrease on 7 d,and significantly decreased on 7-21 d.AI of AEC was positively correlated with the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA and Bax,and negatively with the expression of Bcl-2.Conclusions Hyperoxia may induce the increased expression of Caspase-3 mRNA,which might result in the abnormal expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in lung tissues and their imbalance,which might be one of the underlying mechanisms of apoptosis of AEC in premature rats with CLD.

AIM: To investigate the role of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the growth of Müller cells using a co-culture system in vitro . METHODS: Müller cells were cocultured with RPE cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions in Transwell chamber culture system. Müller cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. The number of cells which migrate through micropores and stay on the outer bottom side of insert systems were observed and counted. RESULTS: The activities of proliferation and migration of Müller cells when cocultured with RPE cells were significantly higher than those of the Müller cells when cultured alone at all time points under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. However, for both the coculture and control groups, there is no significant difference between the measurements at 3 and 6 hours. CONCLUSION: Evidence suggests that RPE, when co-cultured with Müller cells, can stimulate migration and proliferation of Müller cells under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions in a time-dependent manner; how-ever, there is no evidence to support the synergetic interaction of RPE and Müller cells co-cultured under hypoxic conditions.

Objective To analyze the effects of community-based intervention on improving early detection of individuals with high risk nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to explore the interventional mechanism of prevention and treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Total of 139 344 residents of the Second Chinese Medicine Hospi-tal of Guangdong Province Hospital Community were detected per year.Individuals with high risk nasopharyngeal car-cinoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were divided into intervention group(69 616 cases) and control group (69 728 cases) according to the random number table.The two groups were given conventional treatment (radiothera-py,chemotherapy and surgery treatment) after diagnosed.The intervention group was interfered with long -term prevention,health care,medical care,rehabilitation,health education and psychological intervention by full-time phy-sician,while the control group was only treated by general education intervention.The awareness of early symptoms and the risk factor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were analyzed.Additionally,the behavior,knowledge and attitude on nasopharyngeal carcinoma were detected before and after the intervention.Results Community-based intervention significantly improved the rate of early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma high-risk individuals ( 75.31% vs. 44.37%,χ2 =5.32,P<0.01) .The awareness rates of major symptoms and the damage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were 89.34%and 91.78%in the intervention group.In the control group,the rates were 42.17%and 28.47%.The differences of the two groups were significant(P<0.05).Additionally,the awareness of diagnosis standard and good habits were improved significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group(P<0.01).Our results showed that intervention changed the attitude and understanding of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and improved the quality of life of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Conclusion Intervention increased the early diagnostic rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and promoted the quality of life of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background More and more evidences suggest that the interaction of retinal progression of retinal diseases.Objective Present study was to investigate the primarily cultured and digested using explant culture method and trypsas acidic protein(GFAP) staining,S-100 staining and cytokine-18 staining co-cultured under the normoxia and hypoxia using transwell chamber,and the proliferation and migration of cultured RPE cells were examined using MTT and compared with only RPE cells cultured group at 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours.Results Over 90% of primarily cultured RPE cells showed the positive response for S-100.The proliferation and migration of RPE cells were significantly increased in hypoxia condition compared with normoxia condition (P＜0.01).In hypoxia group,amount of proliferation and migration of RPE cells in co-culture group were higher than the only RPE cells cultured group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Hypoxia appear to aggravate the proliferation and migration of RPE cells under the hypoxia status.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of liver transplantation (LT) for cholangiocarcinoma(CC)and analyze the prognostic factors.Methods From December 2001 to December 2006,234 patients receiving LT for hepatic carcinoma in our institute were enrolled as a basis of comparative study for 6 CC patients undergoing LT during the same period.Results These 6 patients were followed-up from 1 to 56 months.Five patients died and one recurred.The 0.5-,1-and 2-year patient cumulative survival rates were 4/6,3/6 and 1/6,respectively.The 0.5-,1-and 2-year tumor-free survival rates were 3/6,2/6 and 1/6,respectively.The average patient or tumor-free survival time were both(14±4) months.Conclusion The prognosis of cholangioearcinoma patients after LT iS poor.

Objective To establish a method for studying molecular mechanism of Rhubarb inhibiting anti-Yersinia pesti based on DNA microarray.Methods A whole genome DN A microarray containing 4005 annotated genes of Yersiniapesti Was used.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)of Rhubarb to Yersiniapestiwas determined by liquid dilution method.The gene expression profile of Yersinia pesti was performed after the exposure to Rhubarb at a concentration of 10×MIC for 30 minutes.The total RNA extracted and purified from Yersinia pesti Was reversely transfected to cDNA and labeled by Cy3-Cy5 dye.The labeled probes were hybridized to the microarray anti the results were obtained by a laser scanner and the microarray data was confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR.Results The platform of the DNA microarray-based bacteria transcriptional profile was established.A total of 498 genes of Yersinia pesti changed significantly in response to Rhubarb.Among them.358 genes were up-regulated,140 down-reguated.Conclusions The whole genome DNA microarray can be used in the studying of molecular anti-Yersinia pesti mechanism of Rhubarb.

Objective To investigate a new surgical method by using pectoralis minor muscle for its partial transplantation to reconstruct the function of the opposite thumb anastomosed vessels and nerves. Methods The proposed method was evaluated by taking 20 cases of adult cadaveric thoraxes and hands,then compared with the morphology and dimension of both pectoralis minor muscle and palmer muscle to study the feasibility of the new method.Based on the observed data.We selected five suitable cases,in which the opposi- tion function was lost,and then applied the new operation on them with partial transplantation of pectoralis mi- nor muscle anastomosed vessels and nerves according to the results of anatomic study.The follow-up study was conducted to observe the functional recovery of opposition of the thumb.Results The main results can be summarized as follows.First,the anatomical position of pectoralis minor muscle was stable,and every peetoralis minor muscle was provided with self-sustaining artery,vein and nerve.The oppostition process of cadaveric hand succeeded after similar transplantation to clinic operation.Second,follow-up studies conducted 6 - 12 months after the operation showed that all five patients recovered fully.The muscle strength in all five cases re- covered to level four or higher.The shape of palm eminence was satisfactory.Conclusion The surgical method of pectoralis minor muscle transplantation for reconstructing the opposition function of the thumb was based on the clinical and anatomical application.The function of opposition of the thumb reached the satisfacto- ry requirement after the operation.So,the new surgical method can achieve better results than other existing operation methods.