Objective To evaluate the role of intercellular gap junction in lung injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rabbits. Methods Twenty-four healthy rabbits of both sexes weighing 1.5-2.2 kg were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized with iv 3% pentobarbital 30 mg/kg,tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. Femoral artery was cannulated for MAP monitoring, blood-letting.Right external jugular vein was cannulated for fluid infusion. Hemorrhagic shock was induced according to the method described by Wiggers. MAP was maintained at 35-40 mm Hg for 60 min. The animals were then randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 12 each):traditional treatment group (group A) and octanol group (group B). Both groups received rapid iv infusion of lactated Ringer's solution (LR solution) 1.5 ml·kg-1 ·min-1 for 30 min (T3 ).In group B 99.5% octanol (a specific gap junction inhibitor) 5 mmol/kg was injected intraperitoneally (IP) in addition to iv LR solution infusion. Thirty minutes later the animals were resuscitated with infusion of the blood withdrawn and LR solution (the volume was equal to the volume of blood loss). Then LR solution was infused iv at 2.5 ml· kg-1 · h-1 for 150 min ( T4 ). Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and HR were recorded before blood letting (T1), immediately after successful establishment of the model (T2), and at T3 and T4. The mortality during resuscitation was calculated. The animals were killed at T4. Blood samples were taken from femoral artery for determination of the serum protein concentration. The lungs were removed. The left lower lobe was lavnged. The protein concentration in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured. Lung permeability index (LPI) was calculated (LPI = protein concentration in BALF protein concentration in serum). Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities and W/D lung weight ratio were determined and microscopic examination was performed. Results HR was significantly lower at T3 and T4 and LVSP higher at T4 in group B than in group A. The pulmonary permeability index, W/D lung weight ratio and mortality were significantly lower and the activities of Ns+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+ -ATPase were significantly higher in group B than in group A. The lung tissue danage was significantly ameliorated in group B. Conclusion Intercellular gap junction is involved in the development of lung injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rabbits.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; Aged ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thromboplastin ; metabolism

Objective: To evaluate the testing level of the relevant items in food inspection agency laboratory objectively, analyze the existing problems and help them enhance the ability of detection.Methods: The blind sample assessment of sodium saccharin in drinks was organized and performed.The test samples at high and low concentrations were prepared and studied by the tests of homogeneity and stability.Those met the requirements of blind sample assessment were randomly distributed to 193 laboratories and the returned data were analyzed statistically.Results: Totally 182 valid data were collected.Among the reported results, those from 85 laboratories were satisfied in the low concentration group with the satisfaction rate of 87.6% , those from 12 laboratories were not satisfied, and no results were suspicious;as for the high concentration group, the above data was 67(78.8%), 12 and 6, respectively.The overall satisfaction rate was 83.5%.The results, especially the dissatisfied and suspicious data, were analyzed by the original records of each participating laboratory, the analysis focused on 8 aspects including detection method, instrument brand, control product variety, pretreatment method, recovery rate, column selection and the other influencing factors, and suggestions were given to every laboratory to improve its own situation.Conclusion: The statistical data reflect that our food testing laboratory has strong detection ability in the determination of saccharin sodium in beverages, and can provide powerful technical support for the regulatory authorities.

Objective To investigate the relation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound ( CEUS ) characteristics and microvessel density ( MVD ) in the breast cancer .Methods From October 2010 to February 2012, 45 cases of patients with breast cancer were studied in Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital , Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College .All lesions were examined by CEUS before surgery .The blood perfusion parameters such as rising time (RT),peak intensity(PI),time to peak(TTP),wash-in slope (WIS) and mean transit time ( MTT) were obtained by time-intensity curve ( TIC).Immunohistochemical staining for anti-factor CD34 was performed on surgery specimen and the MVD was evaluated .The CEUS characteristics and blood perfusion parameters between different MVD groups of breast cancer were compared.Results In 45 cases of breast cancer,mean MVD was(47.6 ±14.2)/high power field(HPD). Twenty-one cases(46.7%) were classified as high MVD group(MVD>48/HPD) and 24 cases(53.3%) were classified as lower MVD group ( MVD≤48/HPD) .Besides two cases without contrast agent perfusion in CEUS imaging, blood perfusion was observed in 43 cases (95.6%).Heterogeneous enhancement was observed in 25 cases(55.6%).Local blood perfusion defect was observed in 27 cases(60.0%).Irregular shape was observed in 37 cases(82.2%).Centripetal enhancement was observed in 25 cases(55.6%). Penetrating surrounding vessels was observed in 32 cases(71.1%).Poorly-defined margin was observed in 34 cases(75.6%).Compared with the surrounding normal breast tissue ,RT and TTP of center region of neoplasms was shorter[(9.3 ±3.3)s vs (11.1 ±3.7)s and (25.3 ±5.9)s vs (27.5 ±6.4)s],PI was higher[(12.1 ±4.6)dB vs (9.2 ±2.8)dB],WIS was higher(1.0 ±0.4 vs 0.8 ±0.3) and differences were significant(t =-3.001, -4.785,6.987 and 5.438,all P <0.05).Compared with center region of neoplasms,TTP of periphery region of neoplasms was shorter [(22.2 ±6.0)s vs (25.3 ±5.9)s],PI was higher[(15.4 ±5.1)dB vs (12.1 ±4.6)dB],WIS was larger(1.3 ±0.5 vs 1.0 ±0.4) and differences were significant(t=-2.839,3.194 and 3.151,all P<0.05).The detection rate of blood perfusion defect and heterogeneous enhancement was higher in the high-MVD group than in the low-MVD group(χ2 =4.0179 and 7.2024,both P <0.05).While the enhancement shape,margin and penetrating vessels showed no statistical difference between the two groups .Breast neoplasms in the high-MVD group had higher PI than those in the low-MVD group[(18.2 ±5.6)dB vs (12.9 ±3.1)dB,t=-3.738,P<0.05].While the RT, TTP and WIS showed no statistical difference between the two groups ( t=-0.798,-0.760 and -0.378, all P>0.05).Conclusion CEUS characteristics of breast lesions were associated with MVD ,which may reflect the microvessel distributional characteristics of neoplasm and may be one of bases used to evaluate neoplasm angiogenesis .

Objective To investigate rite effects of loag-term exposure to low-level sevoflurane on reproductive function in mice.Method F0ny male ICR mice,aged 60 d,weighlag 20-25 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=10 each):control group received no sevoflunme(C);group S1-3 were exposed to 0.003%.0.01% and 0.03% sevoflurane 2 h per day for 5 consecutive days per week for 8 weeks respectively. The mice were then sacrificed at the end of the 8 weeks.The testes and epididymis were emoved and sampled for determination of the activities of total lactic dehydregenase(LDH)and lactic dehydrogenase-X(LDH-X),and the motility rate,amount,and aberration rate of sperm.Testicular uhrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results The sperm motifity nne were significantly lower.the sperm aberration rate higher and the activity of LDH-X lower in group S3 than in group C(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the above parametem between group SI and group S2(P>0.05).The pathology changed of testes occurred only in group S3 among the 3 groups.Conclusion Long-term exposure to 0.03% sevoflurane can result in the abnormality of the reproductive function in male mice but exposure to≤0.01%sevoflurane dose not.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of curcumin on the injury in hippocampal neurons and the expression of regulated upon activation nonnal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in hippocamp during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats with spontaneous hypertension (SH).

METHODSMale Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6): sham group (W-Sham and S-Sham group), ischemia/reperfusion group (W-/R and S/R group), curcumin group (S-Cur group) . Each group was splitted into 5 subgroups of 3 h,12 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d according to the time interval before reperfusion. Global brain ischemia/reperfusion model was established by 4-VO method. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) was used to observe the vertebral cell morphology in hippocampal CA1 region. Nissl staining was applied to detect the average density of cone cells in hippocampal CA1 region. The expression of RANTES in hippocamp was determined by ELISA. The behavior of the rats was evaluated at 7 days after reperfusion. Results: Compared with the sham group rats, the ability of learning and memory was significantly decreased in ischemia/reperfusion group rats, the number of injured neurons were greatly elevated , the protein expression levels of RANTES was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with W-I/R group rats, the ability of learning and memory in S-I/R group rats was greatly reduced, the number of injured neurons increased extremely, the protein expression level of RANTES was significantly enhanced( P <0.05). The number of injured neurons declined significantly in S-Cur group rats, the ability to learn and remember of these rats was improved and the RANTES protein content decreased significantly (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHR are more susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion induced hippocampal neuronal injury which may be improved by curcu min. Its underlying mechanism is possibly associated with the inhibition of RANTES protein expression level.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Chemokine CCL5 ; metabolism ; Cognition ; drug effects ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hypertension ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the molecular mechanism of Wenxin Capsule (WXC, an effective Chinese composite drug) in preventing and treating myocardial ischemia of coronary heart disease.

METHODSRat model of myocardial ischemia was established by subcutaneous multi-point injecting isoproterenol. Effect of WXC on cell apoptosis was observed by transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL method, and its effect on apoptotic related gene Bcl-2 and Fas gene protein expression was observed by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSIsoproterenol induced myocardial ischemic injury could cause evident cardial cell apoptosis, obvious enhance Fas gene protein expression and mild enhance Bcl-2 gene protein expression. WXC could significantly down-regulate Fas, up-regulate Bcl-2 gene protein expression, significantly inhibit and block the myocardial cell apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONSTo inhibit and block the event of cell apoptosis through regulating Bcl-2 and Fas gene protein expression in ischemic myocardium might be one of the mechanisms of WXT in preventing and treating myocardial ischemic injury of coronary heart disease.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Isoproterenol ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; fas Receptor ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Biopsy ; Histological Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Paraffin Embedding ; Ultrasonics

Age - related macular degeneration ( AMD ) is the leading cause of irreversible visual loss in elderly people among white - dominated population. At percent, treatment for AMD includes anti - vascular endothelial growth factor antibody ( Anti- VEGF ) drug treatment, photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) , topical application of triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) and laser therapy ( nanosecond laser) etc. Through comparative analysis of different treatment methods of AMD, we review the mechanism, clinical efficacy, adverse events and cost effectiveness to provide the basis for clinical treatment.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of the unsaturated disaccharides derived from chondroitin sulfate(CS)in urine using post column derivation fluorometric method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Methods Urine samples were prepared with the centrifugal flirtation and the routine precipitation methods separately,then digest the sample with CS lyses,use the post column derivation method of HPLC to fluorometric determine the unsaturated disaecharides(△Di-0S,△Di-4S and △Di-6S),compare the recovery differences of the CS standard in the urine pretreated by the two methods.Results The HPLC system ran well,the lowest detection limit of the method was 10 ng.When the urine was pretreated by the centrifugal flirtation method,the recovery of △Di-0S,△Di-4S and △Di-6S produced from the CS standard were 86.93%,87.28%and 85.03%,respectively,while the recovery of the three disaccharides in routine precipitation method were 75.09%,72.96%and 77.70%merely.Conclusions The HPLC post column derivatization fluorometric method is comparatively sensitive,it can be used to determine unsaturated disaccharides decomposed by CS.In the pretreatment procedure of the urine,the centrifugal flirtation method was superior to the routine precipitation method,it can be used as microdetermination for the unsaturated disaccharides.