The article explored the feasibility,implementation procedure,effects evaluation,existing problems and future improvements on introducing conditional-opening-experiment(COE) in experiment teaching of hygiene analysis.The results indicated that COE could culture the practical operation ability,cooperation ability,overall situation consciousness and responsibility of students in many ways,although it still needed improvements.It promoted students'study enthusiasm,initiative consciousness and their participation and strengthened the harmony relationships between students and teachers.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukopenia ; complications ; congenital ; diagnosis ; Male

Objective: To investigate the effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the gene expression of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Methods: The healthy human PBMC was cultured with hCG at 37 ℃, 5%CO_2 for 2 hours. The mRNA of harvested cells was isolated. The MIF mRNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR. Results: In a certain range of doses, the mRNA expression of MIF significantly increased following the increase of hCG in a dose depandent manner, and it reached to a peak 1-2 hours after culture, then returned to the minimum level after 8 hours. Conclusion: In a certain range of doses, hCG can increase the mRNA expression of MIF. This effect is correlated with reacting time. It is suggested that hCG may involve in immune response by up-regulating the production of cytokines by PBMC.

The research status is reviewed on taxonomic position, ecology, biological active matter and artificial cultivation of Shiraia bambusicola. Following problems are presented: whether there are new species and host specificity of Shiraia bambusicola. Since the artificial cultivation of stroma of Shiraia bambusicola has not been success, Shiraia bambusicola is in situation of emerge of itself and perish of itself so that it is not beneficial to resource protection and continual utilization of this medicinal fungus. It is pointed out that molecular biology of Shiraia bambusicola should be further researched and technology of artificial cultivation of Shiraia bambusicola should be explored in order to exploit and usage of Shiraia bambusicola.

OBJECTIVETo investigate thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression in normal human adult type II alveolar epithelial cells, embryonic pneumocytes, lung carcinoma cells and lymph node metastases of lung cancer.

METHODSLung carcinoma tissue microarray was constructed containing 765 cores of 20 normal adult lung tissues, 15 embryonic lung tissues, 100 lung carcinomas and 55 corresponding lymph node metastases. TTF-1 protein expression on the microarray was detected by immunohistochemical SP method using TTF-1 monoclonal antibody and assessed quantitatively with Leica Q500MC image analysis system.

RESULTSThe number TTF-1 positive units (PU) was smaller in the nuclei of embryonic pneumocytes than in those of normal adult type II alveolar epithelial cells (P<0.001). The nuclei of lung carcinoma cells had smaller TTF-1 PU than normal adult type II alveolar epithelial cells and embryonic pneumocyte nuclei (P<0.001). The lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma cell nuclei had greater TTF-1 PU than squamous cell carcinoma and large cell lung carcinoma cell nuclei (P<0.001). TTF-1 PU was greater in squamous cell carcinoma cell nuclei than in large cell lung carcinoma cell nuclei (P<0.001). In lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung carcinoma and large cell lung carcinoma, TTF-1 PU was greater in the cancerous cell nuclei of lymph node metastases than in the corresponding primary carcinoma cell nuclei (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P<0.05, respectively). In small cell lung carcinoma, TTF-1 PU of the cancerous cell nuclei of lymph node metastases was similar to that of primary carcinomas (P>0.05). TTF-1 PU was greater in lung carcinoma with lymph node metastases than in those without metastalsis (P<0.001). TTF-1 PU of the cell nuclei was not associated with the tumor growth pattern, differentiation and patients' gender (P>0.05), but was greater in TNM stage II-IV than in stage I (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONSThe amount of TTF-1 in the cell nuclei decreases in the order of normal adult type II alveolar epithelial cells, embryonic pneumocytes and lung carcinoma cells. TTF-1 expression is higher in adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma and lower in squamous carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Stronger TTF-1 expression is associated with greater likeliness of lung carcinoma metastatie, and can be an important hallmark for metastasis potential of lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Nuclear Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1 ; Tissue Array Analysis ; methods ; Transcription Factors ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo establish a computer-assisted stereological model for simulating the process of slice section and evaluate the relationship between section surface and estimated three-dimensional structure.

METHODSThe model was designed by mathematic method as a win32 software based on the MFC using Microsoft visual studio as IDE for simulating the infinite process of sections and analysis of the data derived from the model. The linearity of the fitting of the model was evaluated by comparison with the traditional formula.

RESULTSThe win32 software based on this algorithm allowed random sectioning of the particles distributed randomly in an ideal virtual cube. The stereological parameters showed very high throughput (>94.5% and 92%) in homogeneity and independence tests. The data of density, shape and size of the section were tested to conform to normal distribution. The output of the model and that from the image analysis system showed statistical correlation and consistency.

CONCLUSIONThe algorithm we described can be used for evaluating the stereologic parameters of the structure of tissue slices.

Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Microtomy ; methods ; Models, Theoretical ; User-Computer Interface

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) mRNA in human normal adult type II alveolar epithelial cells, embryonic alveolar epithelial cells, and primary lung carcinoma and lymph nodes, thereby exploring the role of TTF-1 mRNA expression in the tumorigenesis, development and metastasis of lung carcinoma.

METHODSTTF-1 mRNA was detected using tissue microarray and in situ hybridization in 1320 different paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. The intensity of TTF-1 mRNA in these tissues was assessed quantitatively using Leica Q500MC image analysis system.

RESULTSTTF-1 mRNA expression was significantly less intense in embryonic lung than in normal adult lung tissues (P= 0.000), and the two tissues both had significantly greater expression than lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma (P=0.000). Lung adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma, with similar expression intensity (P= 0.068), showed stronger expression than squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma (P=0.000), and squamous cell carcinoma showed stronger expression than large cell carcinoma (P=0.018). In lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma, the intensity of TTF-1 mRNA expression was stronger in lymph node metastases than in the primary foci (P=0.003, P=0.000, P=0.019, respectively). The lymph node metastases had more intense expression than the primary foci of small cell lung carcinoma (P=0.078). The intensity of TTF-1 mRNA expression was greater in primary lung carcinomas with lymph node metastases than in those without metastases (P=0.026). Tumors of TNM stage II-IV had stronger expression than those of stage I (P=0.010). The intensity of TTF-1 mRNA expression was not associated with the patients' gender or the general types and differentiation of the tumor.

CONCLUSIONThe amount of TTF-1 mRNA expression lowers in the order of normal adult lung, embryonic lung and lung carcinoma tissues. In lung carcinomas, TTF-1 mRNA expression differs between the histological types, high in lung adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma and rather low in squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Strong expression of TTF-1 mRNA often indicates high likeliness of lung carcinoma metastasis, and highlights the high metastatic potentials of lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Thyroid Gland ; metabolism ; Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1 ; Tissue Array Analysis ; methods ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the characteristics and clinical suitability of the ArcCHECK diode array for volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) verification.Methods The intrinsic sensitivity,short and long term reproducibility,dose and dose rate dependence,dose per pulsed dependence,field sizes dependence and directional response of the diodes were measured.The results of the diodes were compared with the measurement results of an ionization chamber and calculated results of treatment planning system.Gamma index was used to analyze the dose difference between the calculation and measurement for random selected 211 verified VMAT plans.Results The ArcCHECK performed well for all tests except directional dependence,which varies from a minimum of-3.9％ (seen only when the beam was incident on the diode at 180°) to a maximum of 7.7％ (approximately at 255°).Average gamma analysis passing rates with 3 mm/3％ for 113 nasopharyngeal cancer,48 cervical cancer and 50 rectal cancer patients VMAT plans were 93.5％,95.7％ and 97.5％,respectively,statistical significance has been found between either two of the groups (t=-12.69-4.88,all P＜ 0.01).Conclusions With proposed calibration method,the ArcCHECK diode array is very suitable for VMAT pretreatment verification,the complexity of VMAT plan is the main factor affecting the passing rate.

Objective To investigate the extraction method of total flavonoids from the leaves of ficus lacor and the protec tive effects of extraction on the cellular damage to provide a basis for the research on the phamaceutical value of ficus lacor leaves.Methods The ethanol extraction method was adopted to extract the total flavonoids in the leaves of ficus lacor and the extraction efficiency was calculated with rutin as the standard.The rotenone induced human lung adenocarcinoma cellular damage served as the model,then the influencesof the extraction on the cellular viability,cellular morphology,production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were researched.Results The extraction efficiency of total flavonoids in the leaves of ficus lacor by 60％ ethanol was 5.02％;the extraction at the concentration of 32 mg/L could significantly inhibit the decrease of cell viability,cellular shape change,ROS production and apoptosis of A549 cells induced by 100μg/L rotenone.Conclusion The ethanol extraction method can be used to extract the total flavonoids in the leaves of ficus lacor and the extraction has the protective effects on the A549 cellular dam age induced by rotenone,the leaves of ficus lacor have the potential for further researching its pharmaceutical value.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted significant attention due to minimal side effects and high treatment specificity. However, it often requires very high temperature to achieve complete tumor ablation under a single PTT. Such high temperature brings obvious thermal damage and inflammatory response to the body, affecting the therapeutic effect. In recent years, nitric oxide (NO) has been used to significantly inhibit tumor growth and enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells of temperature and drugs, thus enhancing the therapeutic effect. However, compounds as NO donors often have some disadvantages such as poor biocompatibility and untargeted delivery, etc., therefore, this medical application based on NO therapy is limited. In conclusion, the organic combination of NO donors and photothermal agents (PTAs) is expected to overcome the shortcomings of single therapy and achieve the antitumor effect of "1 + 1 > 2". In view of the rapid development of NO combining with PTT in tumor therapy, this review firstly introduces the antitumor mechanisms of different types of NO donors. Then the treatment strategy based on NO combined with PTT is discussed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of this combination therapy strategy in the clinical treatment of cancer are discussed.