Objective To investigate the association among daytime sleepiness,serum tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α levels and microarousal in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods Forty male patients with OSAHS conformed by apnea hypopnea index(AHI)during sleep monitoring of polysomnography were selected as OSAHS group,15 healthy subjects were selected as control group.The level of serum TNF-α was measured by ELISA.The Epworth sleepiness(EP)scale was used in two groups.Results The level of serum TNF-α in OSAHS group[(18.42±6.23)ng/L]was significantly higher than that in control group[(9.75±3.12)ng/L],P＜0.01.The EP scale and micmarousal index were signifieand yhigher in OSAHS group than those in control group[(16.9±4.7)acores vs(4.5±2.3)dcores,(33.6±16.9)times/h vs(11.3±7.3)times/h,P＜0.01].The EP scale in OSAHS group was positively correlated with the levels of serum TNF-α(r=0.461,P＜0.01),AHI(r=0.443,P＜0.01)and microarousal index(r=0.751,P＜0.01)respectively.The levels of serum'INF-α in patients with OSAHS were also positively correlated with microarousal index(r=0.373,P＜0.01).Conclusions The levels of serum TNF-α and mieroarousal index are increased in patients with 0SAHS.The microarousal related to OSAHS plays an important role on the daytime sleepiness,the unusual levels of serum TNF-α maybe lead to interferen of sleepiness.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Nasopharyngitis ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Nasopharynx ; microbiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Bronchi ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Trachea ; surgery ; Video-Assisted Surgery

Diagnostic Errors ; Hoarseness ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; diagnosis

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bursitis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Young Adult

Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Teratoma ; diagnosis ; surgery

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; drug therapy ; Gynostemma ; Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Phytotherapy ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Carotenoids play an important role in regulating the hydrogen production of hydrogen-producing Rhodobacter sp. The carotenoids of hydrogen-producing Rhodobacter sp. grown in acetate medium were extracted by using acetone-methanol (7∶2,V/V) solvent and were separated by using thin-layer chromatography on silica-gel plate. The qualitative and quantitative of the carotenoids were analyzed by spectrometry. The results showed that the carotenoids were completely extracted three times with acetone-methanol (7∶2,V/V) in two hours. The ultrasonication had little effect on yield of carotenoids. The yield of carotenoids was 2.81mg/g wet cell. There were 4 spots on the silica-gel plate in the order of yellow, red, light red and light yellow. Yellow spot and red spot were the dominant composition of carotenoid in Rhodobacter sp. The spectrometry data showed that the yellow and red component might be the spheroidene and spirilloanthin respectively.

This article introduced the development and application effect appraisal of Microbial Engineering CAI courseware for bio-engineering specialization. The courseware focuses on knowledge system integrity, content-rich and gives prominence to the key points. Pictures, animation and video, and audio effects are also utilized appropriately to achieving stimulate students interest in learning and then improve teaching and learning performance. The courseware concentrates on core content of the course, such as fermentation parameters detection and automatic control, and fermentation equipments. The courseware was manufactured using the Powerpoint software. Animation was established with Flash 4 software and the scanning pattern was edited using Adobe photoshop. And chapters of the courseware were composed and administrated using Courseware Master Software. A two-year survey showed that 85% of students satisfied with this courseware.

AIM: To observe the expression of transforming growth factor ? 1 (TGF-? 1), MAPK 1/3 and fibronectin (FN) in the development of renal tubulointerstitial disease. METHODS: Wistar male rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetic group of 1week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Diabetic model was induced by peritoneal injection of streptozotocin. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of TGF-? 1, MAPK 1/3 and FN in the kidney. TGF-? 1 protein in the renal cortex was checked by Western blot. BG, Scr and UP were analysed by biochemical methods, and the morphological changes in renal tubulointerstitium were also examined under microscopy on sections stained with HE and PAS. RESULTS: The expression of MAPK 1/3 and FN was observed, but not the expression of TGF-? 1 in normal renal tissue. Positive staining of TGF-? 1 was observed in the renal tubulo-interstitium in 1-week diabetic group and thereafter it increased in the course of diabetes. A continuous increase in the expression of MAPK 1/3 and FN was also observed in two - week diabetic rats. Chronologically the expression of TGF-? 1,MAPK 1/3 and FN and the ratio of KW/BW were positively correlative with each other in diabetic animals except one -week diabetic rats. There was also a positive correlation between MAPK 1/3 and FN in l -week diabetic rats. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that TGF-? 1 appears in the renal tubulointerstitium in early period of diabetes and then its signal is mediated by MAPK 1/3 cascades to accelerate production of FN ,and in turn leads to renal hypertrophy and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. [